S3RP: Self-Supervised Super-Resolution and Prediction for Advection-Diffusion Process

We present a super-resolution model for an advection-diffusion process with limited information. While most of the super-resolution models assume high-resolution (HR) ground-truth data in the training, in many cases such HR dataset is not readily accessible. Here, we show that a Recurrent Convolutional Network trained with physics-based regularizations is able to reconstruct the HR information without having the HR ground-truth data. Moreover, considering the ill-posed nature of a super-resolution problem, we employ the Recurrent Wasserstein Autoencoder to model the uncertainty.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Impact of COVID-19 infection on the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated whether stroke severity, functional outcome, and mortality are different in patients with ischemic stroke with or without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study in Catalonia, Spain. Recruitment was consecutive from mid-March to mid-May 2020. Patients had an acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours and a previous modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 3. We collected demographic data, vascular risk factors, prior mRS score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, rate of reperfusion therapies, logistics, and metrics. Primary end point was functional outcome at 3 months. Favourable outcome was defined depending on the previous mRS score. Secondary outcome was mortality at 3 months. We performed mRS shift and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: We evaluated 701 patients (mean age 72.3±13.3 years, 60.5% men) and 91 (13%) had COVID-19 infection. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with patients without COVID-19 (8 [3–18] versus 6 [2–14], P=0.049). Proportion of patients with a favourable functional outcome was 33.7% in the COVID-19 and 47% in the non-COVID-19 group. However, after a multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection did not increase the probability of unfavourable functional outcome. Mortality rate was 39.3% among patients with COVID-19 and 16.1% in the non-COVID-19 group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection was a risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 2.10–4.71]; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ischemic stroke and COVID-19 infection have more severe strokes and a higher mortality than patients with stroke without COVID-19 infection. However, functional outcome is comparable in both groups

Trimetazidine is protective during kidney preservation with machine perfusion

International audienc

Dual kidney transplantation from uncontrolled deceased donors after cardiac arrest: a possible option

Organ shortage is a major problem in organ transplantation. For this reason, transplantation teams have found it necessary to revisit their organ acceptance criteria. Uncontrolled deceased donors after cardiac arrest could increase the donor pool by 20%, but at the same time there is a greater risk of delayed graft function and primary non-function. Dual kidney transplantation is an option when single kidney transplantation cannot be carried out because of lack of organ quality. We report for the first time our four first dual kidney transplantation from uncontrolled deceased donors after cardiac arrest with a follow up longer than 1 year. We described graft outcomes until 5 years, and histology at 3 and 12 months after transplantation. All organs were machine perfused in order to assess their quality leading to a single kidney transplantation or dual kidney transplantation decision. After 1 year of follow up, all grafts were functional with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 44.5 ± 3.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, and a mean inulin clearance of 43.7 ± 13.6 mL/mn/1.73 m2. These findings suggest that dual kidney transplantation can represent a viable option for kidneys unsuitable for single kidney transplantation without increasing the rate of surgical complications. Successful transplantation is linked to histological, biological and donor clinical criteria, as well as perfusion parameters

Rôle de la modulation mitochondriale au cours de la conservation rénale: évaluation dans un modèle préclinique de donneur décédé par arrêt cardiaque

International audienceObjectifsLa trimétazidine (TMZ), agissant sur le métabolisme de la mitochondrie, a été étudiée dans différentes situations d’ischémie reperfusion avec des effets protecteurs. À partir d’un modèle porcin d’auto-transplantation rénale mimant la situation des donneurs décédés par arrêt cardiaques, l’évaluation de TMZ ajoutée au milieu de conservation a été faite pour étudier l’amélioration de la reprise de fonction et les effets à long terme.MéthodesDes groupes de 7 animaux ont été étudiés: témoin (laparotomie et manipulation douce du pédicule rénale); groupe uninéphrectomisé (ablation du rein gauche); groupe IC60VIA (rein auto-transplanté conservé par Viaspan); groupe IC60VIA + TMZ10 (rein auto-transplanté conservé par Viaspan et 10 mg de TMZ); groupe IC60VIA + 20 (rein auto-transplanté conservé par Viaspan et 20 mg de TMZ). Les reins conservés étaient soumis à 60 minutes d’ischémie chaude par clampage du pédicule rénale suivi par 24 h d’ischémie froide dans la solution Viaspan (UW). La reprise de fonction, le niveau de stress oxydant et la réaction inflammatoire ont été évalués ainsi que les lésions histologiques.RésultatsL’ajout de TMZ améliore significativement (p < 0.05), la reprise de fonction rénale précoce en particulier à la dose de 20 mg par litre de solution, comme en témoigne l’évolution de la créatinine. La fonction tubulaire est également améliorée (p < 0.05) ainsi que le pouvoir de concentration (p < 0.05) durant la phase précoce des 2 semaines post-transplantation. L’analyse histologique à la fin de la première semaine met en évidence une limitation des lésions de nécrose rénale et une amélioration de la réparation. Durant cette première semaine, le niveau plasmatique de 8 iso-prostane, marqueur de la péroxydation lipidique, est également diminué dans les groupes traités et particulièrement avec 20 mg de TMZ. Les cytokines pro-inflammatoires TNF-α et Il-6 sont diminuées dans le plasma durant la première semaine.ConclusionLa TMZ est un agent pharmacologique qui agit sur le métabolisme mitochondriale. Ajouté à une solution de conservation dans un modèle mimant les donneurs décédés après arrêt cardiaque, cet agent pharmacologique limite les effets des principaux mécanismes lésionnels impliqués. Ce type de molécule pourrait être intéressant dans des protocoles de conditonnement comportant des étapes de circulation régionale normothermique (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3)

Transplantation simultanée de rein et de pancréas

International audienceOBJECTIVES:To perform a State of The Art about the different aspects of pancreas transplantation such as indications, technical features, immunosuppressive strategies and outcomes of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.MATERIAL AND METHODS:An exhaustive systematic review of the scientific literature was performed in the Medline database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and Embase (http://www.embase.com) using different associations of the following keywords (MESH) : « pancreas transplantation; kidney transplantation; simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation; immunosuppression ». Publications obtained were selected based on methodology, language, date of publication (last 20 years) and relevance. Prospective and retrospective studies, in English or French, review articles; meta-analysis and guidelines were selected and analyzed. This search found 2736 articles. After reading titles and abstracts, 23 were included in the text, based on their relevance.RESULTS:These last few years, considerable progresses were done in optimizing indication for pancreas transplantation, as well as surgical improvement and a better used of immunosuppression. In the first part of this article, demographics, indication and pre-transplant evaluation will be described. The different techniques of procurement, preparation and transplantation will then be discussed. Finally, the results and outcomes of pancreas transplantation will be reported.CONCLUSIONS:Despite its morbidity, pancreas transplantation is the optimal treatment of end stage renal disease in diabetic patients under 55. Long-term results and quality of life improvement after pancreas transplantation are excellent.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:NA

Kidney Graft Outcome and Quality (After Transplantation) From Uncontrolled Deceased Donors After Cardiac Arrest

International audienceThe use of uncontrolled deceased donors after cardiac arrest (uDDCA) has been developed in France to compensate for organ shortage. The quality of these kidneys remains unclear. We analyzed kidney graft function and histology from 27 uDDCA and compared them with kidneys from 30 extended criteria donors (ECD) and from 24 simultaneous pancreas kidney (SPK) donors as a control group of optimal deceased donors. Kidneys from ECD and SPK donors were preserved by static cold storage while kidneys from uDDCA were preserved by pulsatile perfusion. The uDDCA graft function at 3 years posttransplantation (estimated with MDRD and measured with inulin clearance) did not differ from that of the ECD group (eGFR 44.1 vs. 37.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.13; mGFR 44.6 vs. 36.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.07 in the uDDCA and ECD groups, respectively). The histological assessment of 3-month and 1-year protocol biopsies did not show differences for interstitial lesions between the uDDCA and ECD grafts (IF score at M3 was 30 vs. 28% and at M12 36 vs. 33%, p = NS). In conclusion, the results at 3 years with carefully selected and machine-perfused uDDCA kidneys have been comparable to ECD kidneys and encourage continuation of this program and development of similar programs

Management of renal transplant urolithiasis: a multicentre study by the French Urology Association Transplantation Committee

International audiencePURPOSE:Urolithiasis is rare among renal transplant recipients and its management has not been clearly defined.METHODS:This multicentre retrospective study was organised by the Comité de Transplantation de l'Association Française d'Urologie (French Urology Association transplantation committee). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19 software.RESULTS:Ninety-five patients were included in this study. Renal transplant urolithiasis was an incidental finding in 55% of cases, mostly on a routine follow-up ultrasound examination. One half of symptomatic stones were due to urinary tract infection and the other half were due to an episode of acute renal failure. The initial management following diagnosis of urolithiasis was double J stenting (27%), nephrostomy tube placement (21%), or watchful waiting (52%). Definitive management consisted of: watchful waiting (48%), extracorporeal lithotripsy (13%), rigid or flexible ureteroscopy (26%), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (11%) and surgical pyelotomy (2%). All transplants remained functional following treatment of the stone. The main limitation is the retrospective design.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of lithiasis could be higher in kidney transplanted patients due to a possible anatomical or metabolical abnormalities. The therapeutic management of renal transplant urolithiasis appears to be comparable to that of native kidney urolithiasis