El síndrome metabólico en el anciano

El síndrome metabólico (SM), también denominado síndrome X, síndrome plurimetabólico o síndrome de Reaven, es una entidad clínica que incluye una serie de anormalidades metabólicas que se asocian con una frecuencia mayor que la esperada simplemente por el azar. Este síndrome, clásicamente determina una predisposición al desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular arterioesclerótica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y muerte. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar el síndrome metabólico en una franja concreta de la población, como es la edad más avanzada (ancianos) para analizar si el SM tiene el mismo efecto que en personas más jóvenes. Para ello se intentará definir mejor los criterios de este síndrome en la población más envejecida, describiendo cuál es su prevalencia en función de la definición que se emplee, qué definición es más relevante al respecto, determinar qué criterios son más específicos y qué medidas son más adecuadas a partir de los 65 años, así como su relación con eventos clínicos y de función, Además se propondrán variaciones en los criterios que sean más eficaz a la hora de diagnosticar este síndrome de acuerdo con las consecuencias pronosticas que implica en esta franja etaria. Este estudio bebe de las fuentes el Estudio Toledo de Envejecimiento saludable, ya que utilizando su base de datos, se obtiene una muestra sólida, donde estudiar el Síndrome metabólico. Tras revisar la literatura, se observa una gran prevalencia del SM en la población general y está en relación con el incremento progresivo de la obesidad en la población mundial. Se ha descrito que el SM aumenta con la edad, de tal manera que a partir de los 60 años es donde mayor prevalencia presenta. En contrapartida, son pocos los estudios realizados únicamente en población anciana. En edades medias de la vida el SM se comporta como un buen factor de predicción de Diabetes, enfermedades vasculares y muerte por esta y otras causas. Esta es la característica más importante de SM, que es capaz de detectar a sujetos en situación de riesgo y permitir una intervención adecuada..

Emulsion characteristics of salad dressings as affected by caprine whey protein concentrates

Caprine whey protein concentrates (WPC) were incorporated as emulsifiers in a salad dressing. The concentrates were manufactured by ultrafiltration-diafiltration with or without previous clarification by thermocalcic precipitation. Aggregates obtained in the clarification treatment and a commercial bovine WPC were also used as emulsifiers. Good emulsifying properties of caprine products were observed. Dressings made with caprine products showed higher firmness and stability than dressings made with bovine WPC. Thermocalcic precipitation improved the properties of caprine WPC. Aggregates modified the colour of dressings contributing to a more yellowish aspect. Microstructure of emulsions was affected by the type of proteinThe authors thank the Xunta de Galicia (Galicia, Spain), GPC 2016/008 for financial supportS

Caracterización de la carne de dos aves de caza: zorzal (Turdus philomelos) y tórtola (Streptopelia turtur)

The chemical and fatty acid composition and color of wild thrush (Turdus philomelos) and turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) meat were investigated. No significant differences in the chemical composition were observed between the meat of thrush and that of turtle dove. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) in the fatty acid composition of the three fractions (glycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids) and in color parameters were observed. The main fatty acid in thrush meat was oleic acid (around 30%), and the high content of docosahexaenoic acid (C-22:6n-3) (more than 10% in the three fractions) was remarkable. There was a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (more than 50%) in the turtle dove meat; the main PUFA were linoleic (C-18:2n-6) and arachidonic (C-20:4n-6) acidsSe ha estudiado la composición química, de ácidos grasos y el color de la carne de zorzal (Turdus philomelos) y tórtola (Streptopelia turtur). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la composición química entre la carne de ambas especies; sin embargo, sí se detectaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en la composición de ácidos grasos de las tres fracciones lipídicas (glicéridos, fosfolípidos y ácidos grasos libres) y en los parámetros de color. El principal ácido graso en la carne de zorzal fue el ácido oleico (alrededor del 30%), siendo remarcable el alto contenido de ácido docosahexaenoico (C-22:6n-3) (mayor del 10% en las tres fracciones). La carne de tórtola presentó un alto contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (mayor del 50%), siendo los principales ácidos grasos poliinsaturados el linoleico (C-18:2n-6) y el araquidónico (C-20:4n-6)S

Interaction of N -acetylcysteine with DPPC liposomes at different pH: a physicochemical study

The N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a commonly used mucolytic and antioxidant agent. The knowledgeof interactions of the NAC with cell membranes is important to understand its mechanism ofpharmacological action at the molecular level. To gain a deeper insight into analyzing N-acetylcysteineinteractions with multilamellar liposomes of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) inhydrated states at different pH, we performed experimental studies by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The behavior of theasymmetric stretching band of the PO2 group was studied by FTIR following the changes that occur inthe shape of this band in the pretransition and transition stages from the gel state to the crystallineliquid state. The values of the pretransition temperature (Tp) for different molar ratios of the complex atthe two pH values studied were coincident between the measurements by FTIR and DSC, with theresults reaffirming the importance of the PO2 group as a sensor not only in the state of hydration butalso in the formation of new intermolecular bonds, which lead to the formation of different domains.The vibrational behavior of the groups of the polar head of the lipid revealed the role of the lipid as anoxidant on the thiol site of the NAC. The results of these studies provide information on membraneintegrity and its physicochemical properties. In this aspect, this work has novelty and practicality inpharmacology and analytical chemistryFil: Arias, Juan Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Cobos Picot, Rafael Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Tuttolomondo, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Ben Altabef, Aida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Sonia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentin

Revealing adulterated olive oils by triacylglycerol screening methods: Beyond the official method

Official control methods to detect olive oil (OO) adulteration fail to provide satisfactory consumer protection. Thus, faster and more sensitive screening tools are needed to increase their effectiveness. Here, the official method for adulterant detection in OO was compared with three untargeted screening methods based on triacylglycerol analysis using high-throughput (FIA-HESI-HRMS; HT-GC-MS; HPLC-RID) and pattern recognition techniques (PLS-DA). They were assayed on a set of genuine and adulterated samples with a high natural variability (n = 143). The sensitivity of the official method was 1 for high linoleic (HL) blends at ≥2 % but only 0.39 for high oleic (HO) blends at ≥5 %, while specificity was 0.96. The sensitivity of the screening methods in external validation was 0.90-0.99 for the detection of HL and 0.82-0.88 for HO blends. Among them, HT-GC-MS offered the highest sensitivity (0.94) and specificity (0.76), proving to be the most suitable screening tool for OO authentication

Geographical authentication of virgin olive oil by GC-MS sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fingerprint: Scaling down to the verification of PDO compliance

Nowadays, 144 Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indications (PGI) under the EU quality schemes correspond to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). As endorsed by the EU Food Fraud Network, PDO/PGI EVOOs are particularly vulnerable to fraudulent practices because of their high economic value. For this reason, the present study aims to develop an instrumental tool to assess the compliance of EVOO with PDO label-declaration using a large sample set (n = 350). As a case study, PDOs from Catalonia were used. Therefore, discriminant analysis based on the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fingerprint determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS achieved to correctly classify an average of 93.6% of samples among the four Catalan PDOs, leaving unassigned the 6% of the total sampling (external validation results for 3 iterations). On the other hand, the proposed strategy allowed discriminating each Catalan PDO from non-PDO samples produced in different geographical areas with an efficiency between 95% and 99%

Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and Evolutionary History of Native Human Populations of Northwest Patagonia (Argentina)

The genetic composition of Amerindian descendants from Patagonia has long been a focus of interest, although the information available is still scarce for many geographic areas. Here, we report the first analysis of the variation in the mtDNA control region for an area of northwestern Patagonia, the North of Neuquén, with the aim of studying the processes and historical events that modeled the evolutionary history of these human groups. We analyzed 113 individuals from two localities of northern Neuquén, along with 6 from southern Neuquén and 223 mtDNA sequences previously published from neighboring areas from Argentina and Chile. We estimated the haplotypic variation and spatial structure of molecular variability. Amerindian subhaplogroups predominate in the two samples from northern Neuquén (N= 70), being D1g and C1b13 the most represented, although in different proportion. These samples exhibit Amerindian mtDNA haplotypes similar to the variants from neighboring areas. Most of haplotype variability is observed within group, while variation among groups is relatively low and scarcely associated to geographical space. The most frequent subhaplogroups in northern Neuquén are characteristic of native populations from Patagonia and Chilean Araucania, and probably originated in the region during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene. However, the spatial variation of mtDNA haplotypes departs from a latitudinal pattern and suggests differential levels of gene flow among areas during the Late Holocene; with moderate levels across the North of Neuquén as well as between this area and neighbouring populations from Chile and the South of Neuquén and Río Negro

Effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for terrorism victims with very long-term emotional disorders

Background: There are no published studies on the clinical utility of psychotherapy in victims of terrorism who suffer emotional disorders many years after the attacks. Method: A course of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy was administered to 50 victims of terrorist attacks that occurred an average of 23 years previously and who presented isolated or concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 74%), major depressive disorder (54%), panic disorder (38%), or other anxiety disorders (38%). Results: According to an intention-to-treat analysis (N=50), these percentages decreased significantly to 24% (PTSD and major depression), 16% (panic disorder) and 14% (other anxiety disorders) at 1-year follow-up. According to a complete data analysis, at posttreatment no victims (n=31) still presented major depressive or panic disorder, only 3.2% presented PTSD and 9.7% presented other anxiety disorders, whereas at 1-year follow-up, no victims presented any disorders (n=22). At posttreatment and at the 1-, 3-, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups, large statistically and clinically significant decreases in PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptomatology were found (d=1.26 to 2.52 at 1-year follow-up). Conclusions: These results suggest that efficacious treatments for recent victims are also useful in the usual clinical practice for victims with very long-term emotional disorders

Geographical authentication of virgin olive oil by GC–MS sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fingerprint: Verifying EU and single country label-declaration

According to the last report from the European Union (EU) Food Fraud Network, olive oil tops the list of the most notified products. Current EU regulation states geographical origin as mandatory for virgin olive oils, even though an official analytical method is still lacking. Verifying the compliance of label-declared EU oils should be addressed with the highest priority level. Hence, the present work tackles this issue by developing a classification model (PLS-DA) based on the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fingerprint of 400 samples obtained by HS-SPME-GC–MS to discriminate between EU and non-EU olive oils, obtaining an 89.6% of correct classification for the external validation (three iterations), with a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.95. Subsequently, multi-class discrimination models for EU and non-EU countries were developed and externally validated (with three different validation sets) with successful results (average of 92.2% of correct classification for EU and 96.0% for non-EU countries).Fil: Quintanilla Casas, Beatriz. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Torres Cobos, Berta. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Guardiola, Francesc. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Servili, Maurizio. Università di Perugia; ItaliaFil: Alonso Salces, Rosa Maria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Valli, Enrico. Università di Bologna; ItaliaFil: Bendini, Alessandra. Università di Bologna; ItaliaFil: Gallina Toschi, Tullia. Università di Bologna; ItaliaFil: Vichi, Stefania. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Tres, Alba. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ