Authority and Illegitimacy in New France: The Burial of Bishop Saint-Vallier and Madeleine de Verchères vs. the Priest of Batiscan

This article addresses the question of authority in the colonial society of New France. The study first focusses on an unseemly struggle among authorities, in 1728, over the body of Bishop Jean de la Croix de Saint-Vallier. In this struggle, the Intendant Dupuy was opposed by the Governor Beauharnois and the canons of the Cathedral Chapter of Quebec. A related event unfolded at the local level, in 1730, eventually involving the Priest of Batiscan and Madeleine de Vercheres in a scandal and trial. In each case, the adversaries questioned the legitimacy of authority often by way of insults to influential women. These case studies reveal the limits of absolutism in the colony. Ce travail pose le problème de l'autorité dans la société coloniale de la Nouvelle-France. L'intendant Dupuy dispute la préséance au gouverneur Beauharnois. En 1728, la mort de l'évêque déclenche un conflit où le Chapitre de la Cathédrale et le gouverneur s'opposent à l'intendant. Ce conflit se poursuit au niveau local, en 1730, lors du procès entre le curé de Batiscan et Madeleine de Verchères. Dans chaque cas, les adversaires mettent en cause l'illégitimité des clientèles, souvent par l'entremise d'injures dirigées contre des femmes puissantes. Ces conflits révèlent les limites du pouvoir absolutiste dans la colonie

Canadian Countercultures and the Environment

Studies of the radical environmental politics of the 1960s have tended to downplay the extent to which much of that countercultural intellectual and social ferment continued into the 1970s and 1980s. Canadian Countercultures and the Environment adds to our knowledge of this understudied period. This collection contributes a sustained analysis of the beginning of major environmental debates in this era and examines a range of issues related to broad environmental concerns, topics which emerged as key concerns in the context of Cold War military investments and experiments, the oil crisis of the 1970s, debates over gendered roles, and the increasing attention to urban pollution and pesticide use. No other publication dealing with this period covers the wide range of environmental topics (among others, activism, midwifery, organic farming, recycling, urban cycling, and communal living) or geographic locales, from Yukon to Atlantic Canada. Together, they demonstrate how this period influenced and informed environmental action and issues in ways that have had a long-term impact on Canadian society. With contributions by: Matt Cavers Megan Davies Nancy Janovicek Alan MacEachern David Neufeld Ryan O'Connor Daniel Ross Henry Trim Sharon Weave

Monuments and Memories: The Evolution of British Columbian Cemeteries, 1850-1950

Cemeteries represent the most material, and therefore public, means by which people express their reactions to death. This article analyzes the changing aesthetic qualities of British Columbian cemeteries between 1850 and 1950, the physical divisions created within them, and the monuments that populated them. A nineteenth-century garden where the family "visited" the deceased evolved into an increasingly invisible twentieth-century lawn cemetery. For the middle-class people who controlled cemetery regulations, the graveyard remained a place where social distinctions were established, although it had lost its role as a refuge for the mourning family. By 1950. the mourners' memories had supplanted the cemetery as the final resting place for the deceased. Résumé C'est dans les cimetières que les gens expriment le plus tangiblement et le plus ouvertement leurs réactions à la mort. L'article s'attache aux cimetières de Colombie-Britannique; il analyse l'évolution de leur esthétique de 1850 à 1950, la façon dont ils étaient compartimentés et les monuments funéraires qui s'y trouvaient. Le jardin du XIXe siècle on la famille ^rendait visite» à ses défunts a graduellement cédé le pas, au XX' siècle, à des pelouses, ce qui a rendu la présence de cimetières de moins en moins manifeste. Bien qu'il ne serve plus de refuge à la famille du défunt, le cimetière demeure un lieu où les distinctions sociales sont bien établies, tout au moins pour la classe moyenne qui en contrôle la regimentation. Les gens ont fini par délaisser les cimetières, préférant conserver intérieurement le souvenir de leurs proches

Madeleine de Verchères

Marie-Madeleine Jarret de Verchères (1678-1747) doit sa renommée à sa défense héroïque en 1692 du fort familial à Verchères, à 30 km en aval de Montréal. Elle avait 14 ans. Ses parents étaient absents au moment où des guerriers iroquois se sont attaqués au fort