The Reproductive Revolution

Este texto fue publicado en 2009 por The Sociological Review. Rogamos que, a efectos de divulgación, docencia y cita bibliográfica se acuda a la publicación impresa (u online de la propia revista) y la cita sea esta: MacInnes, J., Pérez Díaz, J. (2009), "The reproductive revolution" The Sociological Review 57 (2): 262-284. Su versión html puede encontrarse en esta dirección:http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122368561/HTMLSTART Quienes estén interesados en ampliar la información sobre nuestra Teoría de la Revolución Reproductiva pueden visitar la página web siguiente: http://www.ieg.csic.es/jperez/pags/RRweb/RRweb.htm También encontrarán en este mismo repositorio otra publicación con unaexposición en castellano de las mismas ideas y publicada en la REIS bajo el título “La tercera revolución de la modernidad: la reproductiva”.We suggest that a third revolution alongside the better known economic and political ones has been vital to the rise of modernity: the reproductive revolution, comprising a historically unrepeatable shift in the efficiency of human reproduction which for the first time brought demographic security.As well as highlighting the contribution of demographic change to the rise of modernity and addressing the limitations of orthodox theories of the demographic transition, the concept of the reproductive revolution offers a better way to integrate sociology and demography. The former has tended to pay insufficient heed to sexual reproduction, individual mortality and the generational replacement of population, while the latter has undervalued its own distinctive theoretical contribution, portraying demographic change as the effect of causes lying elsewhere. We outline a theory of the reproductive revolution, review some relevant supporting empirical evidence and briefly discuss its implications both for demographic transition theory itself, and for a range of key social changes that we suggest it made possible: the decline of patriarchy and feminisation of the public sphere, the deregulation and privatisation of sexuality, family change, the rise of identity, ‘low’ fertility and ‘population ageing’.Peer reviewe

Utilisation de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l'étude du métabolisme azoté dans la symbiose endomycorhizienne

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Mobilisation of nitrogen reserve in herbaceous plants

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Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum on the uptake of amino nitrogen by Lolium perenne

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C and N mobilization from stalk and leaves during kernel filling by C13 and N15 tracing in Zea mays

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C and N mobilization from stalk and leaves during kernel filling by C13 and N15 tracing in Zea mays

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Stimulation of alanine amino transferase (AlaAT) gene expression and alanine accumulation in embryo axis of the model legume Medicago truncatula contribute to anoxia stress tolerance

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Mobilisation des réserves azotées chez les plantes herbacées

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Effectiveness Of The Open And Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises In The Treatment Of The Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome [efetividade Dos Exercícios Em Cadeia Cinética Aberta E Cadeia Cinética Fechada No Tratamento Da Síndrome Da Dor Femoropatelar]

The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic effects of the open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises to treat the patellofemoral syndrome (PFSD). For this, 24 volunteers, bearers of the PFSD were randomly divided in two groups: group I (n = 12) performed the OKC exercises; group II (n = 12) performed the CKC exercises. Both groups were submitted to eight consecutive weeks of treatment consisting of three weekly sessions performed in alternate days. To analyze the activation pattern of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, the electromyographic signals (EMG) were collected using bipolar surface electrodes quantified by the root mean square (RMS) normalized by the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps. The pain intensity and the functionality of the volunteers were assessed using scales. The analysis of the amounts of the VMO/VL ratio in both groups I and II showed no significant differences as to the pre- and post-treatment times in the concentric (p > 0.05) and eccentric (p > 0.05) phases of the OKC and CKC exercises. Despite of this, the VMO muscle presented a lower activation rate compared to the VL in the eccentric phase of the CKC exercise. It was found significant increases in the functionality (p < 0.05), and a reduction in the pain intensity (p < 0.05) between the pre- and post-treatment times in both groups, but group II showed higher amounts compared to group I in both variables. The results found in this study suggest that according to the conditions of the trial, the OKC and CKC exercises provoke no changes in the patterns of the EMG activation in the VMO and VL muscles. 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Baltimore: Willians & WilkinsWitvrouw, E., Lysens, R., Bellemans, J., Peers, K., Vanderstraeten, G., Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellofemoral pain: A prospective, randomized study (2000) Am J Sports Med, 28, pp. 687-694Witvrouw, E., Cambier, D., Danneels, L., Bellemans, J., Werner, S., Almqvist, F., The effect of exercise regimens on reflex response time of the vasti muscles in patients with anterior knee pain: A prospective randomized intervention study (2003) Scand J Med Sci Sports, 13, pp. 251-258Stiene, H.A., Brosky, T., Reinking, M.F., Nyland, J., Mason, M.B., A comparison of closed kinetic chain and isokinetic joint isolation exercise in patients with patellofemoral dysfunction (1996) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 24, pp. 136-141Bennett, J.G., Stauber, W.T., Evaluation and treatment of anterior knee pain using eccentric exercise (1986) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 18, pp. 526-530Doucette, A.S., Child, D., The effect of open and closed chain exercise and knee joint position on patellar tracking in lateral patellar compression syndrome (1996) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 23, pp. 104-110Sheehy, P., Burdett, R.G., Irrgang, J.J., VanSwearingen, J., An electromyographic study of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis activity while ascending and descending steps (1998) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 27, pp. 423-429Souza, D.R., Gross, M.T., Comparison of vastus medialis obliquus: Vastus lateralis muscle integrated electromyographic ratios between healthy subjects and patients with patellofemoral pain (1991) Phys Ther, 71, pp. 310-316Powers, C.M., Landel, R., Perry, J., Timing and intensity of vastus muscle activity during functional activities in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain (1996) Phys Ther, 76, pp. 946-955Cerny, K., Vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis muscle activity ratios for selected exercises in persons with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (1995) Phys Ther, 75, pp. 672-683Merletti, R., Rainold, A., Farina, D., Surface electromyography for noninvasive characterization of muscle (2001) Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 29, pp. 20-25Powers, C.M., Perry, J., Hsu, A., Hislop, H.J., Are patellofemoral pain and quadriceps femoris muscle torque associated with locomotor function? 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