Book Review: Mikhail S. Gorbachev: An Intimate Biography

Book Review of: Mikhail S. Gorbachev: An Intimate Biography (1988

Financing state electoral campaigns in Massachusetts in 1970 : the case for reform.

Political ScienceDoctor of Philosophy (PhD

Ordenación del comercio minorista en Gran Bretaña

In questo articolo con “pianificazione commerciale” si intende il processo attraverso il quale si definisce quante attività commerciali, di quale tipo ed in quali luoghi dovrebbero essere sviluppate in un determinato periodo. Il processo si sviluppa attraverso l’ interazione tra gli attori privati (commercianti e proprietari immobiliari) e gli attori pubblici (governo locale e nazionale). Il settore privato cerca di mantenere stabili o di incrementare vendite e profitti, mentre il settore pubblico persegue obiettivi di interesse più generale. L’articolo sintetizza alcuni aspetti della pianificazione commerciale nel Regno Unito, facendo riferimento alla ricerca descritta in un testo dell’autore sull’argomento (GUY, 2006A). La prima parte delinea il quadro normativo della pianificazione commerciale e lo confronta con la situazione di altri paesi europei. La seconda parte sintetizza le recenti politiche governative per il sostegno e la regolamentazione del settore commerciale. La terza e la quarta parte delineano i comportamenti degli amministratori locali e degli operatori privati. La quinta presenta i principali esiti dei trend di sviluppo del commercio urbano ed extraurbano, mentre la sesta parte avanza alcune conclusioni.El planeamiento comercial es definido, en este artículo, como el proceso de determinar cuánto comercio, qué tipos y en que lugares debe desarrollarse en un periodo dado. Se realiza a través de la interacción del sector privado (minoristas y promotores) y el público (gobierno nacional y local). El sector privado intenta mantener o incrementar ventas y beneficios, y el público procura cumplir objetivos no comerciales, destinados a servir al interés general. El artículo resume aspectos del planeamiento comercial minorista en el Reino Unido descritos en su libro (GUY, 2006A). Así, la sección 1 plantea el marco administrativo del planeamiento comercial, contrastándolo con el de otros países europeos. La sección 2 resume la política del gobierno central para promover y controlar el desarrollo comercial. Las secciones 3 y 4 sintetizan las actitudes de los urbanistas del gobierno local y los promotores privados respectivamente. La sección 5 argumenta algunos de los resultados principales, en términos de tendencias del desarrollo en localizaciones centrales y no centrales, mientras que la sección 6 esboza algunas conclusiones

Cathepsin B modulates lysosomal biogenesis and host defense against Francisella novicida infection

Lysosomal cathepsins regulate an exquisite range of biological functions, and their deregulation is associated with inflammatory, metabolic, and degenerative diseases in humans. In this study, we identified a key cell-intrinsic role for cathepsin B as a negative feedback regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Mice and macrophages lacking cathepsin B activity had increased resistance to the cytosolic bacterial pathogen Francisella novicida. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B down-regulated mechanistic target of rapamycin activity and prevented cleavage of the lysosomal calcium channel TRP ML1. These events drove transcription of lysosomal and autophagy genes via transcription factor EB, which increased lysosomal biogenesis and activation of autophagy initiation kinase ULK1 for clearance of the bacteria. Our results identified a fundamental biological function of cathepsin B in providing a checkpoint for homeostatic maintenance of lysosome populations and basic recycling functions in the cell

The Adventure of the Norwood Builder A Lawyerly Annotated Edition

In The Adventures of the Creeping Man, Watson says to Holmes: As to your dates, that is the biggest mystification of all, What is the mystery here, you may ask

Look for the Silver Lining

[Blair]Please don\u27t be offended if I preach to you while,Tears are out of place in eyes that were meant to smile,There\u27s a way to make your very biggest troubles small,Here\u27s the happy secret of it all. [Sally]As i wash my dishes,I\u27ll be follwing your plan,Till I see the brightness in ev\u27ry pot and pan.I am sure your point of view will ease the daily grind,So i\u27ll keep repeating in my mind. [Burthen]Look for the silver liningWhene\u27er a cloud appears in the blueremember somewhere the sun is shiningAnd so the right thin to do is make it shine for you.A heart full of joy and gladnessWill always banish sadness and strifeSo always look for the silver liningAnd try to find the sunny side of life [Burthen

Recommendations for lung cancer screening in Southern Africa

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in southern Africa. Early trials of chest radiograph-based screening in males at high risk for lung cancer found no mortality benefit of a radiograph alone, or a radiograph plus sputum cytology screening strategy. Large prospective studies, including the National Lung Screening Trial, have shown an all-cause mortality benefit when low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) was used as a screening modality in patients that are at high risk of developing lung cancer. The South African Thoracic Society, based on these findings, and those from several international guidelines, recommend that annual LDCT should be offered to patients between 55-74 years of age who are current or former smokers (having quit within the preceding 15 years), with at least a 30-pack year smoking history and with no history of lung cancer. Patients should be in general good health, fit for surgery, and willing to undergo further investigations if deemed necessary. Given the high local prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection and post-TB lung disease, which can radiographically mimic lung cancer, a conservative threshold (nodule size ?6 mm) should be used to determine whether the baseline LDCT screen is positive (thus nodules <6 mm require no action until the next annual screen). If a non-calcified, solid or partly solid nodule is ?6 mm, but <10 mm with no malignant features (e.g., distinct spiculated margins), the LDCT should be repeated in 6 months. If a solid nodule or the largest component of a non-solid nodule is ?10 or ?6 mm and enlarging or with additional malignant features present, definitive action to exclude lung cancer is warranted. Patients should be screened annually until 15 years have elapsed from date of smoking cessation, they turn 80, become unfit for a curative operation or significant changes are observed

Recommendations for lung cancer screening in Southern Africa

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in southern Africa. Early trials of chest radiograph-based screening in males at high risk for lung cancer found no mortality benefit of a radiograph alone, or a radiograph plus sputum cytology screening strategy. Large prospective studies, including the National Lung Screening Trial, have shown an all-cause mortality benefit when lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) was used as a screening modality in patients that are at high risk of developing lung cancer. The South African Thoracic Society, based on these findings, and those from several international guidelines, recommend that annual LDCT should be offered to patients between 55–74 years of age who are current or former smokers (having quit within the preceding 15 years), with at least a 30-pack year smoking history and with no history of lung cancer. Patients should be in general good health, fit for surgery, and willing to undergo further investigations if deemed necessary. Given the high local prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection and post-TB lung disease, which can radiographically mimic lung cancer, a conservative threshold (nodule size ≥6 mm) should be used to determine whether the baseline LDCT screen is positive (thus nodules <6 mm require no action until the next annual screen). If a non-calcified, solid or partly solid nodule is ≥6 mm, but <10 mm with no malignant features (e.g., distinct spiculated margins), the LDCT should be repeated in 6 months. If a solid nodule or the largest component of a non-solid nodule is ≥10 or ≥6 mm and enlarging or with additional malignant features present, definitive action to exclude lung cancer is warranted. Patients should be screened annually until 15 years have elapsed from date of smoking cessation, they turn 80, become unfit for a curative operation or significant changes are observed.K Dheda is supported by the South African MRC (RFA-EMU-02-2017) and the EDCTP (TMA- 2015SF-1043 & TMA-1051-TESAII).http://jtd.amegroups.comam2020Cardiolog

A case study using 2019 pre-monsoon snow and stream chemistry in the Khumbu region, Nepal

This case study provides a framework for future monitoring and evidence for human source pollution in the Khumbu region, Nepal. We analyzed the chemical composition (major ions, major/trace elements, black carbon, and stable water isotopes) of pre-monsoon stream water (4300–5250 m) and snow (5200–6665 m) samples collected from Mt. Everest, Mt. Lobuche, and the Imja Valley during the 2019 pre-monsoon season, in addition to a shallow ice core recovered from the Khumbu Glacier (5300 m). In agreement with previous work, pre-monsoon aerosol deposition is dominated by dust originating from western sources and less frequently by transport from southerly air mass sources as demonstrated by evidence of one of the strongest recorded pre-monsoon events emanating from the Bay of Bengal, Cyclone Fani. Elevated concentrations of human-sourced metals (e.g., Pb, Bi, As) are found in surface snow and stream chemistry collected in the Khumbu region. As the most comprehensive case study of environmental chemistry in the Khumbu region, this research offers sufficient evidence for increased monitoring in this watershed and surrounding areas

The effects of collagen peptides on exercise-induced gastro-intestinal stress: a randomized, controlled trial

Purpose: We examined the effects of collagen peptides (CP) supplementation on exercise induced-gastro-intestinal (GI) stress. Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, 20 volunteers (16 males: V ̇O2max, 53.4±5.9 ml·kg-1) completed 3 trials: a non-exercise rest trial, with no supplement (REST) and then an exercise trial with CP (10 g·day-1) or placebo control (CON) supplements, which were consumed for 7 days prior to, and 45 min before, a 70 min run at 70-90% of V ̇O2max. Outcome measures included urinary lactulose and rhamnose (L/R), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-LPS antibody, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL) 6 and 8, cortisol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (measured pre, 10 min post and 2 h post) and subjective GI symptoms. Results: There were no differences in heart rate, perceived exertion, thermal comfort, or core temperature during exercise in the CP and CON trials (all P>0.05). I-FABP was higher in CP (2538±1221pg/ml) and CON (2541±766pg/ml) vs. REST 2 h post (1893±1941pg/ml) (both P0.05), and no differences in L/R or GI symptoms between CON and CP (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Collagen peptides did not modify exercise-induced changes in inflammation, GI integrity or subjective GI symptoms but LPS was higher in CON 2 h post-exercise and thus future studies may be warranted