Simplificação do monitoramento ambiental de comunidades planctônicas utilizando diferentes abordagens ecológicas

Objetivo Este estudo pretende responder: (i) as comunidades de fitoplâncton podem ser utilizadas como substitutos de comunidades zooplanctônicas? (ii) podemos utilizar abordagens ecológicas como grupos funcionais (FG) ou classificação morfofuncional (MBFG) como substitutos para espécies de fitoplâncton?; (iii) podemos usar grupos substitutos (cladóceros, copépodes, rotíferos ou amebas testáceas) como substitutos para espécies zooplanctônicas?; (iv) a ordenação das variáveis ambientais é concordante com o padrão de ordenação de espécies de fitoplâncton e zooplâncton?; e (v) para ambas as comunidades, o padrão espacial de ordenação é mantido utilizando dados de densidade ou presença/ausência de indivíduos ou resoluções taxonômicas menores? Métodos O estudo foi conduzido em 25 corpos d'água que fornecem irrigação por pivô central no Distrito Federal - Brasil (Bacia do Rio Preto), em outubro de 2012. Nós avaliamos algumas variáveis físicas e químicas, além de amostras de fitoplâncton e zooplâncton. Para avaliar a correlação entre grupos biológicos, resoluções numéricas e maiores resoluções taxonômicas, realizamos algumas análises de Mantel e Procrustes. Resultados Avaliando o uso de grupos substitutos, as comparações entre fitoplâncton e zooplâncton, as classificações de FG e MBFG e quase todas as comparações entre grupos de zooplâncton sugeriram padrões concordantes. No entanto, os valores de r obtidos foram baixos, todos abaixo de 0,70. As análises biológicas com fitoplâncton e zooplâncton podem ser realizadas utilizando dados de presença/ausência de indivíduos sem perda significativa de informação, exceto a classificação MBFG e os copépodes. Os dados também podem ser usados em nível de gênero ou família para copépodes e amebas testáceas e só dados em nível de gênero para cladóceros e rotíferos. Diferentes resultados foram encontrados quanto à resolução taxonômica do fitoplâncton, considerando que, embora significativo, o valor foi menor que 0,70. Conclusão Para fins de monitoramento ambiental, é importante amostrar tanto as comunidades de fitoplâncton como de zooplâncton, porque uma não é substituta da outra, da mesma forma que a densidade do fitoplâncton e suas abordagens funcional e morfofuncional. Por outro lado, para simplificar o monitoramento ambiental, é possível adotar dados de presença/ausência de espécies em vez de dados de abundância para as comunidades de zooplâncton e fitoplâncton, exceto para copépodes e para abordagem morfofuncional. Também é possível adotar nível de gênero para a comunidade zooplanctônica e nível de família para copépodes e amebas testadas.Aim This study aimed to answer: (i) can phytoplankton communities be used as surrogate of zooplankton communities?; (ii) can we use ecological approaches like functional groups (FG) or morphofunctional classification (MBFG) as surrogate for phytoplankton species?; (iii) can we use substitute groups (cladocera, copepod, rotifer or testate amoebae) as surrogate for zooplankton species?; (iv) are the environmental variables’ ordination standards concordant with the ordering patterns of phytoplankton and zooplankton species?; and (v) for both communities, is the spatial pattern of ordination maintained using density data or presence/absence of individuals or lower taxonomic resolutions? Methods The study was conducted in 25 water bodies that supply central-pivot irrigation in the Federal District - Brazil (Rio Preto Basin), in October 2012. We evaluated some physical and chemical variables as well as phytoplankton and zooplankton samples. To evaluate correlation among biological groups, numerical and higher taxonomic resolutions, we performed some Mantel and Procrustes analyses. Results Evaluating the use of substitute groups, comparisons between phytoplankton and zooplankton, FG and MBFG classifications and almost all the comparisons between zooplankton groups suggested concordant patterns. However, the values of r were low, all below 0.70. Biological analyses with phytoplankton and zooplankton can be performed using presence/absence of individuals without significant loss of information, except for MBFG classification and copepods. Data may also be used at genus or family level for copepods and testate amoebae and only data at genus level for cladocerans and rotifers. Different results were found concerning taxonomic resolution for phytoplankton considering that, while being significant, the r value was less than 0.70. Conclusions For environmental monitoring purposes, it is important to sample both phytoplankton and zooplankton communities because one is not surrogate of the other one, in the same way as phytoplankton density and their functional and morphofunctional approaches. On the other hand, to simplify the environmental monitoring, it is possible to adopt presence/absence species data instead of abundance data for both zooplankton and phytoplankton communities, except for copepods and morphofunctional approach. It is also possible to adopt genera level for zooplankton community and family level for copepods and testate amoebae

Estudo mensal de previsão de chuva no sudeste do Brasil utilização de redes neurais multi-camadas perceptron (MLP)

This work uses the MLP neural network technique to make monthly rainfall forecast estimates for Guarulhos airport in southeastern Brazil using a time series of approximately 70 years. Neural network structures with two or more hidden layers showed a better result, minimizing the prediction error.Este trabalho usa a técnica de rede neural MLP para fazer estimativas de previsão de precipitação mensal para o aeroporto de Guarulhos, no sudeste do Brasil, usando séries temporais de aproximadamente 70 anos. Estruturas da rede neural com duas ou mais camadas apresentaram melhores resultados, minimizando os erros de predição

Visual symptoms of micronutrients, boron and iron deficiency and mineral composition of blackberry tree

The areas planted with blackberry trees have expanded in Brazilian subtropical regions, but is still necessary to improve the crop management, especially regarding its nutritional needs, as well as establishing parameters of visual diagnosis of deficiency, what would allow to achieve higher yields. This study aimed to evaluate the visual deficiency and mineral composition of blackberry tree under omission effect of nutrients. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with nine treatments and three replications, corresponding to the cultivation in a complete Hoagland & Arnon’s nutritive solution and in a solution with individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and B. The dry matter and chemical composition of shoot and root were evaluated, as well as the visual diagnosis. The nutrient deficiencies in seedlings of blackberry trees were pointed out by typical symptoms, while in the treatment with no nutrients restriction the nutritional contents found respectively in the leaves and roots were N = 11.4 g kg-1 and 16.1 g kg-1; P = 1.3 g kg-1 and 4.2 g kg-1; K = 9.8 g kg-1 and 13.2 g kg-1; Ca = 5.7 g kg-1 and 9.8 g kg-1; Mg = 2.3 g kg-1 and 2.6 g kg-1; S = 1.4 g kg-1 and 2.7 g kg-1; B = 37.8 mg kg-1 and 18.9 mg kg-1; Fe = 119.9 mg kg-1 and 1,603.9 mg kg-1. Individual omissions of N, Ca and B were the most limiting ones for the vegetative growth of this species

Polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNFA -308 G/A) is not associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population

Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a major mediator of the immune-inflammatory response and may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic periodontitis. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the TNFA gene have been associated with some types of inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TNFA (G-308A) gene and chronic periodontitis in Brazilians. Methods: One hundred and thirteen (113) over 25 years were divided according to the severity level of periodontal disease: 44 healthy individuals (control group), 31 subjects with moderate and 38 patients with severe periodontitis. Genomic DNA was obtained from epithelial cells. The samples were analyzed for TNFA (G-308A) polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The significance of the differences in the genotype frequencies of the polymorphism was assessed by Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: No significant differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequency were found between control and groups with periodontitis. Conclusion: It was concluded that TNFA (-308) polymorphism was not associated with chronic periodontitis. Other polymorphisms in this or/and other genes of the host inflammatory response might be involved in determining susceptibility to periodontitis in the study population

Shortening of etching time of the dentin in primary teeth restorations: a randomized clinical trial

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shortening of etching time for dentin on the restoration survival after selective carious tissue removal in primary molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included sixty-two subjects (5–8 year-old) and 100 primary molars presenting moderate dentin carious lesions on occlusal surface. The sample was randomly assigned into groups previously to adhesive application (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE): etching time recommended by manufacturer (15 s) or reduced (7 s). Resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative; 3M ESPE) was inserted in a single increment for all restorations. Restorations were evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months using FDI criteria. Survival estimates for restorations’ longevity were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to assess the factors associated with failures (p < 0.05). The etching time did not influence the restorations’ survival (HR 0.35 95%CI 0.11–1.12; p = 0.06). Mean estimated time of survival was 17.6 months (95%CI, 17.2–17.9). The survival rates at the 18-month follow-up were 75.7% and 91.4% (AFR: 16.9% and 5.7%) when primary dentin was acid etched for 15 and 7 s, respectively (log-rank p = 0.06). In conclusion, the etching time for dentin did not influence the clinical behavior of adhesives restorations. However, there was a tendency for better clinical outcome when using etching time of 7 s

Shortening of etching time of the dentin in primary teeth restorations: a randomized clinical trial

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shortening of etching time for dentin on the restoration survival after selective carious tissue removal in primary molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included sixty-two subjects (5–8 year-old) and 100 primary molars presenting moderate dentin carious lesions on occlusal surface. The sample was randomly assigned into groups previously to adhesive application (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE): etching time recommended by manufacturer (15 s) or reduced (7 s). Resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative; 3M ESPE) was inserted in a single increment for all restorations. Restorations were evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months using FDI criteria. Survival estimates for restorations’ longevity were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to assess the factors associated with failures (p < 0.05). The etching time did not influence the restorations’ survival (HR 0.35 95%CI 0.11–1.12; p = 0.06). Mean estimated time of survival was 17.6 months (95%CI, 17.2–17.9). The survival rates at the 18-month follow-up were 75.7% and 91.4% (AFR: 16.9% and 5.7%) when primary dentin was acid etched for 15 and 7 s, respectively (log-rank p = 0.06). In conclusion, the etching time for dentin did not influence the clinical behavior of adhesives restorations. However, there was a tendency for better clinical outcome when using etching time of 7 s

Relatórios de Atividades de Estágio de 2007 (A)

O Relatório de Atividades de Estágio deve ser feito semestralmente para renovação e realização de outro estágioUFS