Primer registro de Triatoma nigromaculata (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) para Colombia.

The presence of Triatoma nigromaculata was recorded for the first time in Colombia in the rural village La Playa in the province of Cauca. A single female was captured from an outdoor area near a household. The presence of Trypanosoma parasites in the specimen was not established due to the poor condition of the specimen. The epidemiological importance of this finding is discussed with respect to the potential for transmission of Chagas disease in the province of Cauca and, more broadly, in Colombia.Se registra por primera vez para Colombia la presencia de Triatoma nigromaculata en la vereda La Playa, municipio de El Tambo, departamento del Cauca. Una sola hembra fue capturada en el peridomicilio. No se pudo realizar el examen para determinar la presencia de Trypanosoma debido al mal estado de preservación del ejemplar. Se discute la importancia epidemiológica de esta captura para la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas en el departamento del Cauca y en Colombia

Wine tourism: opportunities and challenges for regional tourism development in the wine region of the São Francisco Valley ‑ Northeast Brazil

O enoturismo é uma modalidade em crescimento no Brasil, já fortalecido na região sul, no entanto ainda em estruturação no nordeste. O Vale do São Francisco, situado no semiárido nordestino, foi impulsionado por projetos e investimentos em pesquisa e tecnologia, atraindo vinícolas nacionais e internacionais que vivenciam crescimento pouco comum em cidades do sertão nordestino, marcadas pela seca e baixo índice de desenvolvimento humano. Ao apostar na produção de vinho, governo e empresários se estruturam para enoturismo. Este estudo analisa a atuação dos diversos atores sociais envolvidos com enoturismo. Para a concretização desta proposta, recorreu‑se ao levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa qualitativa por meio da análise de conteúdo e visitas aos municípios e vinícolas, com o intuito de interpelar os principais envolvidos na atividade. Portanto, o enoturismo é percebido como estratégia para desenvolver as destinações e também oportunidade de marketing para fortalecer a imagem do vinho. Ressalta‑se que pode integrar microrregiões, onde é possível aproveitar produto‑base, gastronomia aliados ao vinho, promovendo atração conjugada. Deve ser compreendido como elemento de articulação e integração entre o meio rural e o conjunto da sociedade. Os resultados dessa análise irão trazer algumas considerações teóricas e implicações práticas para a vitivinicultura e o turismo.Wine tourism is growing in Brazil, already strengthened in the South, but also in structuring in the northeast. The São Francisco Valley, located in the semi‑arid northeast, was improved by projects and investments in research and technology. It’s attracting national and international wineries experiencing unusual growth in cities in the northeast, which was marked by drought and low human development index. By focusing on wine production, government and business are structured to the wine tourism. This study analyzes the performance of social actors involved in the wine tourism. To achieve this, it used the science literature, qualitative research through content analysis and visits to wineries, in order to ask the principals agents involved in the activity. Therefore, the wine tourism is perceived as a strategy to develop the destinations and also marketing opportunity to strengthen the image of the brand wine. Then, that can integrate micro‑regions where you can take advantage of gastronomy combined with wine, promoting combined attraction. It must be understood as an element of coordination and integration between the rural and the society. The results of this analysis will demonstrate some theoretical considerations and practical implications for the wine industry and tourism

An updated and illustrated dichotomous key for the Chagas disease vectors of Triatoma brasiliensis species complex and their epidemiologic importance

In the subfamily Triatominae, Triatoma exhibits the largest number of species, which are arranged in complexes. For the T. brasiliensis species complex, recent investigations based on results of geometric morphometrics combined with phylogeny have provided evidence that it should be composed of seven species: T. brasiliensis, T. bahiensis, T. juazeirensis, T. lenti, T. melanica, T. petrocchiae, and T. sherlocki, in which T. brasiliensis is divided in two subspecies: T. b. brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma. A taxonomic key is presented to identify each taxon. Among members of this complex, T. b. brasiliensis is the most important in an epidemiologic context, due to its high prevalence in natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi combined with a pronounced adaptation to domiciliary habitats. However, some members may be currently invading and colonizing homes, a process known as domiciliation. Therefore, the key presented here may be potentially useful for researchers as well as those involved in vector control measures

Aplicação de um corante tiazolilazo como indicador ácido-base e determinação das suas constantes de ionização ácida

The pKa values of the 6-[2´-(6´-methyl-benzothiazolylazo)]-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-benzenedisulfonic acid (Me-BDBD) have been determined at 25 °C, in 0.10 mol L-1 NaCl medium by spectrophotometric method. The SQUAD computer program was used to process experimental data in pH range 1.78 - 11.54 and 290 - 720 nm. The pKa values obtained were 4.60 ± 0.04 and 9.48 ± 0.02. The Me-BDBD reagent was applied as indicator in titration of acid-base. The results were compared with phenolphthalein and bromocresol green indicators. Statistical t and F tests indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the results for indicators with good agreement

Multidisciplinary approach detects speciation within the kissing bug Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus populations (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

BACKGROUND Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) is a triatomine species with a wide geographic distribution and a broad phenotypic variability. In some countries, this species is found infesting and colonising domiciliary ecotopes representing an epidemiological risk factor as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. In spite of this, little is known about P. rufotuberculatus genetic diversity. METHODS Cytogenetic studies and DNA sequence analyses of one nuclear (ITS-2) and two mitochondrial DNA sequences (cyt b and coI) were carried out in P. rufotuberculatus individuals collected in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. Moreover, a geometric morphometrics study was applied to Bolivian, Colombian, Ecuadorian and French Guiana samples. OBJECTIVES To explore the genetic and phenetic diversity of P. rufotuberculatus from different countries, combining chromosomal studies, DNA sequence analyses and geometric morphometric comparisons. FINDINGS We found two chromosomal groups differentiated by the number of X chromosomes and the chromosomal position of the ribosomal DNA clusters. In concordance, two main morphometric profiles were detected, clearly separating the Bolivian sample from the other ones. Phylogenetic DNA analyses showed that both chromosomal groups were closely related to each other and clearly separated from the remaining Panstrongylus species. High nucleotide divergence of cyt b and coI fragments were observed among P. rufotuberculatus samples from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico (Kimura 2-parameter distances higher than 9%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal and molecular analyses supported that the two chromosomal groups could represent different closely related species. We propose that Bolivian individuals constitute a new Panstrongylus species, being necessary a detailed morphological study for its formal description. The clear morphometric discrimination based on the wing venation pattern suggests such morphological description might be conclusive.MEC-DICYT: II/FVF/2019/054CSIC: No. 16

Description and ontogenetic morphometrics of nymphs of Belminus herreri Lent & Wygodzinsky (Hemiptera: Reduviidae, Triatominae)

For the first time all instars of a species of the genus Belminus are described based on laboratory F1 generation specimens from adults caught in department of Cesar, Colombia. Ontogenetic morphometrics of postembryonic head development was made, suggesting that the greatest changes occur between the 1st and 2nd instars

Mitochondrial DNA variation of Triatoma infestans populations and its implication on the specific status of T. melanosoma

DNA sequence comparison of 412 base-pairs fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene was used to infer the genetic structure of nine geographical Triatoma infestans populations and their phylogenetic relationship with T. melanosoma and T. brasiliensis. T. infestans and T. melanosoma were compared by morphometry, allozyme and cytogenetic analyses, as well as subjected to reciprocal crosses, in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the latter. No differences were found to distinguish the two species and the crosses between them yielded progeny. T. infestans populations presented four haplotypes that could be separated in two clusters: one formed by the samples from Bolivia (Andes and Chaco) and the other formed by samples from Argentina and Brazil. Silvatic and domestic T. infestans populations from Bolivia (Andes) were genetically identical