Craven Basin and southern Pennines

Carboniferous rocks within this area occupy the region contiguous with the northern Pennines to the north (Chapter 12) and the Peak District to the south (Chapter 10). All of the stages of the Carboniferous are present at outcrop, with the exception of Stephanian strata, which are absent. The oldest Tournaisian strata crop out within the Craven Basin, and are represented by ramp carbonate rocks (Bowland High Group) deposited on the Bowland High and adjacent Lancaster Fells and Bowland sub-basins. These carbonate rocks are overlain by mainly Visean hemipelagic mudstone and carbonate turbidites (lower part of Craven Group). To the south of the Pendle Fault System (Fig. 11.1), further platform carbonate rocks are proved in the subsurface above the Central Lancashire High (Trawden Limestone Group) and the Holme High and Heywood High (Holme High Limestone Group). These carbonate rocks, which developed during the Tournaisian to late Visean, are known only from well records and geophysical information and are not divided into formations. During the Visean, the platform carbonate rocks pass laterally into more basinal successions in the Harrogate, Rossendale and Huddersfield sub-basins (Craven Group). The lithostratigraphical nomenclature for the Tournaisian and Visean strata is that of Waters et al. (2009), adapted from Riley (1990)

London Gin Craze, c. 1700-1760

The history of crime has provided scholars with a diverse framework with which to interpret wider social issues, including class and gender. The literature surrounding London’s history is the most significant for any British city, with many publications examining the relationship between criminality, urbanisation and the formation of the lower classes. The existing historiography for the gin craze, however, is limited with only a few historians exploring its fundamental issues in any depth. These publications are limited further by their narrow approach, which predominantly focuses on the spirit trade, alcohol consumption, and the legislative attempts to control the epidemic. This project is filling a crucial gap in the historiography, which has so far failed to examine the influence of gin on crime. No other study has attempted to explain contemporary anxieties as a moral panic and, further, no one has sought to examine court records to establish the actual levels of criminal activit

Real-World Use of Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Online Survey and Analysis of Self-Reported Clinical Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Patient-driven initiatives have made uptake of Do-it-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems (DIYAPS) increasingly popular among people with diabetes of all ages. Observational studies have shown improvements in glycemic control and quality of life among adults with diabetes. However, there is a lack of research examining outcomes of children and adolescents with DIYAPS in everyday life and their social context. OBJECTIVE: This survey assesses the self-reported clinical outcomes of a pediatric population using DIYAPS in the real world. METHODS: An online survey was distributed to caregivers to assess the hemoglobin A1c levels and time in range (TIR) before and after DIYAPS initiation and problems during DIYAPS use. RESULTS: A total of 209 caregivers of children from 21 countries responded to the survey. Of the children, 47.4% were female, with a median age of 10 years, and 99.4% had type 1 diabetes, with a median duration of 4.3 years (SD 3.9). The median duration of DIYAPS use was 7.5 (SD 10.0) months. Clinical outcomes improved significantly, including the hemoglobin A1c levels (from 6.91% [SD 0.88%] to 6.27% [SD 0.67]; P<.001) and TIR (from 64.2% [SD 15.94] to 80.68% [SD 9.26]; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Improved glycemic outcomes were found across all pediatric age groups, including adolescents and very young children. These findings are in line with clinical trial results from commercially developed closed-loop systems

A reappraisal of the Carboniferous macrofloras of the Zonguldak – Amasra Coal Basin, north-western Turkey

The Zonguldak – Amasra Coal Basin in north-western Turkey has Carboniferous terrestrial deposits ranging in age from Arnsbergian to late Asturian or possibly early Cantabrian. They yield macrofloras that allow detailed biostratigraphical correlations with sequences in Europe. These correlations suggest there are substantial gaps in the Zonguldak – Amasra succession, with middle to upper Namurian, upper Langsettian, Duckmantian and lower Asturian strata apparently being missing. This in turn suggests the area was subjected to significant tectonic instability during Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous) times and that this might have been instrumental in initiating the progressive change in composition and eventual collapse of the coal swamp biome across Variscan Euramerica during Westphalian times.</p

Aspects of Romanian Palaeozoic Palaeobotany and Palynology. Part III. The Late Carboniferous flora of Baia Nouă, Sirinia Basin

The Cucuiova Formation is a Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous) coal-bearing unit in the intramontane Sirinia Basin, which was formed in the Danubian Units of the South Carpathians. The main coal seam in the Cucuiova Formation was worked at Baia Nouă (Nové Doly) and this locality has yielded a typical adpression coal flora. Previous studies have suggested that this flora was Moscovian (late Westphalian or even earliest Stephanian) in age. However, newly collected samples from Baia Nouă have included abundant Neuralethopteris, which clearly indicates a late Bashkirian (Langsettian) age. This suggests a possible link with the Svoge Basin in northern Bulgaria, which is another intramontane basin located on the Balkan Terrane with early Westphalian coal-bearing deposits.</p

Durrington Walls to West Amesbury by way of Stonehenge: a major transformation of the Holocene landscape

A new sequence of Holocene landscape change has been discovered through an investigation of sediment sequences, palaeosols, pollen and molluscan data discovered during the Stonehenge Riverside Project. The early post-glacial vegetational succession in the Avon valley at Durrington Walls was apparently slow and partial, with intermittent woodland modification and the opening-up of this landscape in the later Mesolithic and earlier Neolithic, though a strong element of pine lingered into the third millennium BC. There appears to have been a major hiatus around 2900 cal BC, coincident with the beginnings of demonstrable human activities at Durrington Walls, but slightly after activity started at Stonehenge. This was reflected in episodic increases in channel sedimentation and tree and shrub clearance, leading to a more open downland, with greater indications of anthropogenic activity, and an increasingly wet floodplain with sedges and alder along the river’s edge. Nonetheless, a localized woodland cover remained in the vicinity of DurringtonWalls throughout the third and second millennia BC, perhaps on the higher parts of the downs, while stable grassland, with rendzina soils, predominated on the downland slopes, and alder–hazel carr woodland and sedges continued to fringe the wet floodplain. This evidence is strongly indicative of a stable and managed landscape in Neolithic and Bronze Age times. It is not until c 800–500 cal BC that this landscape was completely cleared, except for the marshy-sedge fringe of the floodplain, and that colluvial sedimentation began in earnest associated with increased arable agriculture, a situation that continued through Roman and historic times