Suscetibilidade de populações de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) a acaricidas organoestânicos em citros

Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) é uma das principais pragas da cultura de citros no Brasil. Os acaricidas organoestânicos representam mais 40% da área tratada de citros para o controle de B. phoenicis. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de coletar informações básicas para a implementação de um programa de manejo da resistência de B. phoenicis a acaricidas organoestânicos em pomares de citros do Estado de São Paulo preservando, dessa forma, a vida útil dos acaricidas deste grupo químico. Inicialmente, as linhas básicas de suscetibilidade aos acaricidas óxido de fenbutatin e cihexatin foram obtidas para uma população suscetível de referência de B. phoenicis através de um bioensaio de contato residual. Baseado na curva de concentração-resposta dessa população para os dois acaricidas, a concentração diagnóstica de 180 mg de [IA] L-1 de água destilada foi definida para ser utilizada em programas de monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações de B. phoenicis a esses acaricidas. Posteriormente, foi realizado um levantamento da suscetibilidade aos acaricidas óxido de fenbutatin e cihexatin em 26 populações de B. phoenicis coletadas em pomares comerciais com diferentes regimes de uso de acaricidas organoestânicos nos últimos cinco anos. Todas as populações apresentaram suscetibilidade a óxido de fenbutatin e cihexatin semelhante ao da população suscetível de referência, com exceção de uma população que apresentou uma porcentagem de sobrevivência a cihexatin (10,7%) significativamente maior do que a da população suscetível (1,92%) na concentração diagnóstica. Portanto, apesar do intenso uso de acaricidas organoestânicos para controle de B. phoenicis em citros no Estado de São Paulo, as populações desse ácaro ainda apresentam uma alta suscetibilidade aos acaricidas óxido de fenbutatin e cihexatin.Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) is one of the most important citrus pests in Brazil. Organotin acaricides represent more than 40% of the acaricide-treated citrus area for controlling B. phoenicis. For preserving the life-time of organotin acaricides, the objective of this research was to collect basic information for implementing a resistance management program of B. phoenicis to organotin acaricides in citrus groves from the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Initially, baseline susceptibility data of the susceptible reference population of B. phoenicis to fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin were obtained with the use of a residual contact bioassay. Based on concentration-response data of this population to these acaricides, a diagnostic concentration of 180 mg of [AI] L-1 of distilled water was defined for both fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin in order to be used in a program for monitoring the susceptibility of B. phoenicis to these acaricides. Then, a survey of the susceptibility to fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin was conducted in 26 populations of B. phoenicis collected from citrus groves with different regimes of organotin acaricide use in the past five years. All populations showed susceptibilities to fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin similar to the susceptible population; except for one population which showed a significant higher survivorship to cyhexatin (10,7%) than that for the susceptible population (1,92%) at the diagnostic concentration. Therefore, although the intense use of organotin acaricides in citrus groves from the State of São Paulo, the susceptibilities of B. phoenicis populations to fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin are still very high

Dáwólé Yorubá: Desenvolvimento de jogo eletrônico inspirado na mitologia iorubá

Este trabalho apresenta o estado atual de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de um documento de design para jogo eletrônico inspirado em mitos da cultura ioruba. Esta cultura é extremamente influente durante praticamente toda a história do Brasil, para onde vieram a maioria dos escravos oriundos da região da atual Nigéria. O mito ioruba é raiz de diversas tradições religiosas afro-brasileiras, mas para esse trabalho pretende-se utilizar o mito puro, sem envolver religiosidade popular, ignorando alguns dos processos de sincretismo dos últimos séculos. Busca-se com esse trabalho tratar de temas presentes na formação da identidade cultural brasileira, mas nem sempre valorizados

Should we fear direct oral anticoagulants more than vitamin K antagonists in simple single tooth extraction? A prospective comparative study

Objectives: The aim of this prospective comparative clinical study was to evaluate the effect of oral anticoagulants on peri- and post-operative bleeding during simple single tooth extractions, comparing patients in treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and patients assuming direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Materials and methods: Patients under oral anticoagulant therapy needing dental extraction were eligible for entering the study; patients were enrolled following inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into VKAs and DOAC group according to the anticoagulation therapy. Included patients underwent a simple single dental extraction with elevators and forceps with a maximum surgical time of 15 minutes, without anticoagulation therapy discontinuation. All participants were assessed pre-operatively, during surgery, 30 min minutes and 7 days after surgery. Biological complications were registered and post-extraction bleeding was clinically defined according to Iwabuchi classification. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the variables between the groups. Results: Sixty-five patients per group were enrolled and 130 teeth were extracted. The two groups were comparable for pre-, peri-, and post-operative variables. Only 1 patient of DOAC group and 2 patients for VKA group needed medical evaluation for post-extractive bleeding. No statistically significant difference resulted in post-operative bleeding events between the groups (p = 0.425). Conclusions: DOAC and VKA patients showed the same incidence of bleeding complications after simple single tooth extraction. Bleeding events were not statistically significant and not clinically relevant. Clinical relevance: Patients assuming DOACs can be treated similarly to patients in VKAs therapy with INR index between 2 and 3. Non-ceasing of DOAC therapy seems to be appropriate for simple single dental extractions. \ua9 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Micromorphometric analysis of bone blocks harvested with eight different ultrasonic and sonic devices for osseous surgery

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse in vitro the main features of osteotomies performed by means of different ultrasonic and sonic systems for bone surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six ultrasonic and two sonic devices for osseous surgery were evaluated during block harvesting on bovine bone. After measuring cutting speed, images of the blocks were acquired by light stereo-microscope and E-SEM, in order to measure the osteotomy thickness and to evaluate the presence of intra-trabecular bone debris and signs of thermal injuries on the bone. Roughness evaluation was performed using a profilometer. RESULTS: All the ultrasonic instruments required a shorter time than sonic systems to perform the block harvesting (p 0.05). K-Bisonic and Variosurg 3 showed the smallest percentage variance between tip thickness and osteotomy width. Intra-trabecular debris was found to occur in inverse proportion with the width of the osteotomy: the tighter the track, the higher the amount of debris. Sonicflex Bone, Piezotome 2 and Sonosurgery showed almost no signs of thermal injuries on the osteotomised surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: No single ultrasonic or sonic device combined all the best features of speed, precision and bone micro-architecture preservation

Case studies for a new IoT programming paradigm: Fluidware

A number of scientific and technological advancements enabled turning the Internet of Things vision into reality. However, there is still a bottleneck in designing and developing IoT applications and services: each device has to be programmed individually, and services are deployed to specific devices. The Fluidware approach advocates that to truly scale and raise the level of abstraction a novel perspective is needed, focussing on device ensembles and dynamic allocation of resources. In this paper, we motivate the need for such a paradigm shift through three case studies emphasising a mismatch between state of art solutions and desired properties to achieve

Spring honey bee losses in Italy

Honey bee poisoning incidents and monitoring schemes Background: During last years several cases of bee losses have been reported during the period of corn sowing in different European countries. In Italy an institutional system for bee losses survey does not exist and therefore some Italian regions decided to organise an official network to collect data and analyse dead bee samples. Results: Collected data indicate that the higher number of bee losses events occurred in intensively cultivated flat areas, located in the North of Italy, mainly during or after corn sowing. The chemical analyses of dead bees revealed the presence of three neonicotinoid residues: imidacloprid was found in 25.7% of the sample, thiamethoxam in 2.8%, clothianidin in 25.7%, both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in 4.7%. The visual examination and the virological analyses excluded pathological causes. Conclusion: The spatial and temporal correlation between hive damages and corn sowing and the presence of residues of active ingredients used for seed dressing (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin) in almost half of the samples confirms the connection between spring mortality and the sowing of corn seed dressed with neonicotinoids. Keywords: honeybee mortality, neonicotinoids, seed dressing, corn sowing, dust dispersion.