Effect of the essential oil from the latex of the fruit Mangifera indica L. on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae)

International audienceTetranychus urticae Koch is a cosmopolitan pest that causes damage to crops in protected farming activities in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. We investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of the essential oil from the latex of the mango fruit [Mangifera indica, Espada and Rosa (MESPA and MROSA) varieties] and selected monoterpenes on T. urticae. The yield of the MROSA oil was higher (9.22 ± 0.15%). The GC/MS analysis of the oils enabled the identification of 26 constituents. Terpinolene (70.14 ± 0.61%) was the major compound identified in the MESPA oil; β-pinene (38.22 ± 0.80%) was the major constituent of the MROSA oil, followed by terpinolene (29.44 ± 0.29%). The mite was more susceptible to the oils and constituents through fumigation, with no difference between the two varieties. By residual contact, the MROSA oil was 2.7-fold more toxic than the MESPA oil. Terpinolene was the most toxic constituent by fumigation, whereas β-pinene and α-pinene were the most active by residual contact. The selected compounds from M. indica also affected the behavior of the mite, exerting an influence on fecundity, feeding preference and egg-laying preference. The positive control (Azamax®) was more efficient at reducing the fecundity of the mite than the oils, but the MROSA oil was more toxic by fumigation and residual contact. The effects of fumigation and residual contact combined with the change in behavior may be a considerable advantage in the integrated management of T. urticae. For the practical use of these oils as novel acaricides, however, further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects on non-target organisms and the cost-benefit ratio for the formulation of a product to be used on protected crops in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Clusia : cultura de tecidos e importancia do seu latex na sobrevivencia das especies

Orientador : Anita Jocelyne MarsaioliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaDoutorad

Insecticidal activity of the ethanolic extract from Croton species against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The objective of this work was to study the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of Crotonspecies on the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Extracts from the leaves of Croton rhamnifoliusH.B.K., Croton jacobinensis Baill., Croton sellowii Baill. and Croton micans Muell. C. rhamnifolius had the most lethal effect (LC50 = 14.95 μg mL-1), followed by C. rhamnifolius (stem), C. jacobinensis (stem),C. jacobinensis (leaf), C. sellowii (leaf) and C. sellowii (stem) with LC50 values of 42.40, 116.21, 183.85, 801.36 and 1252 μg mL-1, respectively. Plutella xylostella larvae fed kale disks with all extracts, exceptC. sellowii (stem), exhibited prolonged larval duration. None of the extracts affected the duration of the pupal stage of the moth

Insecticidal activity of the ethanolic extract from Croton species against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The objective of this work was to study the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of Crotonspecies on the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Extracts from the leaves of Croton rhamnifoliusH.B.K., Croton jacobinensis Baill., Croton sellowii Baill. and Croton micans Muell. C. rhamnifolius had the most lethal effect (LC50 = 14.95 μg mL-1), followed by C. rhamnifolius (stem), C. jacobinensis (stem),C. jacobinensis (leaf), C. sellowii (leaf) and C. sellowii (stem) with LC50 values of 42.40, 116.21, 183.85, 801.36 and 1252 μg mL-1, respectively. Plutella xylostella larvae fed kale disks with all extracts, exceptC. sellowii (stem), exhibited prolonged larval duration. None of the extracts affected the duration of the pupal stage of the moth

Actividad insecticida de extractos etanólicos de especies de Croton contra Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The objective of this work was to study the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of Crotonspecies on the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Extracts from the leaves of Croton rhamnifoliusH.B.K., Croton jacobinensis Baill., Croton sellowii Baill. and Croton micans Muell. C. rhamnifolius had the most lethal effect (LC50 = 14.95 μg mL-1), followed by C. rhamnifolius (stem), C. jacobinensis (stem),C. jacobinensis (leaf), C. sellowii (leaf) and C. sellowii (stem) with LC50 values of 42.40, 116.21, 183.85, 801.36 and 1252 μg mL-1, respectively. Plutella xylostella larvae fed kale disks with all extracts, exceptC. sellowii (stem), exhibited prolonged larval duration. None of the extracts affected the duration of the pupal stage of the moth.El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de los extractos etanólicos de especies de Croton en la polilla del repollo (Plutella xylostella L.). Croton rhamnifolius H.B.K., Croton jacobinensis Baill., Croton sellowii Baill. y Croton micans Muell. C. rhamnifolius (hojas) tuvieron el efecto más letal con una CL50de 14,95 μg mL-1, seguido por C. rhamnifolius (tallos), C. jacobinensis (tallos), C. jacobinensis (hojas),C. sellowii (hojas) y C. sellowii (tallos) con valores de CL50 de 42,40; 116,21; 183,85; 801,36 y 1252 μg mL-1, respectivamente. Las larvas de Plutella xylostella se alimentaron con discos de col y todos los extractos, excepto C. sellowii (tallos), mostraron una duración larval prolongada. Por otra parte, ninguno de los extractos afectó la duración de la etapa de pupas de P. xylostella

Insetos (Arthropoda, Insecta) em inflorescências de <i>Heliconia bihai</i> (L.) L. (Heliconiaceae)

As espécies do gênero Heliconia L. (Heliconiaceae) se destacam por apresentar inflorescências eretas ou pendentes, muito apreciadas por sua beleza. São muito utilizadas no paisagismo, uma vez que exigem pouca manutenção e são adequadas para uso em vasos ou em canteiros. No entanto, vários grupos de insetos (Arthropoda, Insecta) estão associados à Heliconia, tais como besouros (Coleoptera), formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), pulgões (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) e cochonilhas (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Algumas espécies de helicônias acumulam exsudados, água em partes florais nas brácteas, formando um micro-habitat denominado de fitotelmata, que favorece a ocorrência destes insetos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar índices faunísticos para as principais ordens de insetos associados às inflorescências de Heliconia bihai (L.) L colhidas em Paulista, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, e identificar estes insetos em nível de família. Os insetos foram coletados de 72 inflorescências e acondionados em álcool a 70% para posterior identificação. A análise dos dados foi baseada nos índices de infestação, frequência, abundância e constância. O índice de infestação foi de 100% das inflorescências. Do total de 759 insetos coletados, 87,6% foram da ordem Diptera, 4,4% Hymenoptera, 4,2% Coleoptera e 3,8% Hemiptera. A ordem Diptera apresentou os maiores valores de infestação, frequência, abundância e constância. Foi observado que 51,1% dos insetos eram dípteros da família Psycodidae (duas morfoespécies) e 19,5% da família Tipulidae (uma morfoespécie)

Chemical composition and phytotoxic potential of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil against Lactuca sativa and two herbicide-resistant weeds: Avena fatua and Amaranthus hybridus

El control de las malezas en una agricultura sustentable requiere de nuevas moléculas bioherbicidas que sustituyan a los herbicidas sintéticos que han dañado al medio y generado resistencia en las malezas. El presente estudio, se realizó para determinar la composición química del aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus y explorar su potencial bioherbicida sobre la germinación y la inhibición del crecimiento radicular. Los efectos fitotóxicos del aceite esencial de E. globulus (1, 10 y 20 μL mL-1) se compararon con los ocasionados por el herbicida sintético Glifosato (1, 10 y 20 μL mL-1) mediante bioensayos de germinación y crecimiento de las raíces de Lactuca sativa y de las malezas resistentes a los herbicidas Avena fatua y Amaranthus hybridus. El análisis por Cromatografía de Gases con Detector de Ionización de Flama y Cromatografía de Gases-Espectrometría de Masas mostró que los monoterpenos principales fueron 1,8-cineol (86,94%), α-pineno (7,71%), d-limoneno (2,65%) y p-cimeno (1,48%). La germinación de la semilla y la longitud de la radícula de ambas malezas exhibieron diferentes grados de inhibición en respuesta a la concentración del aceite esencial de E. globulus. En algunas concentraciones, tanto el herbicida Glifosato como el aceite esencial de E. globulus mostraron la misma fitotoxicidad contra las malezas estudiadas A. fatua y A. hybridus. La bioactividad de la Concentración Letal (LC50, por sus siglas en inglés)del aceite esencial en la mayoría de los casos fue menor para A. hybridus, seguido de A. fatua y L. sativa. Con base en los resultados, se puede concluir que el aceite esencial de E. globulus posee potencial fitotóxico y podría ser explorado como un bioherbicida para programas de manejo de malezas resistentes.Weed control in sustainable agriculture requires new bioherbicidal molecules to replace synthetic herbicides that have damaged the environment and generated resistance in weeds. This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and to explore its bioherbicidal potential on the germination and radicle growth inhibition. The phytotoxic effects of E. globulus essential oil (1, 10 and 20 μL mL-1) were tested in comparison to those of the synthetic herbicide Glyphosate (1, 10 and 20 μL mL-1) in bioassays of germination and radicle growth of Lactuca sativa and the resistant weeds Avena fatua and Amaranthus hybridus. Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis showed that major monoterpenes comprised 1,8-Cineole (86.94%), α-pinene (7.71%), d-limonene (2.65%), and p-cymene (1.48%). The seed germination and radicle length exhibited different degrees of inhibition in response to the concentration of E. globulus essential oil. At some concentrations, both the Glyphosate herbicide and the E. globulus essential oil demonstrated the same phytotoxicity against the resistant weeds A. fatua and A. hybridus. Essential oil bioactivity Lethal Concentration (LC50) in the majority of cases was lowest for A. hybridus, followed by A. fatua and L. sativa. Based on the results, it can be concluded that E. globulus essential oil possesses phytotoxic potential and could be explored as a bioherbicide for resistant weeds management programs

Toxicity against Artemia salina of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) used in folk medicine on the coast of Pernambuco, Brazil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n3p145 Palythoa caribaeorum is a zoanthid whose mucus is traditionally used by fishermen communities on the southern coast of the state of Pernambuco as an anesthetic and anti-inflammatory agent, as well as for the treatment of topical wounds. In order to evaluate a possible toxicity, hexane and ethanol extracts of the zoanthid obtained from the beaches of Piedade (PCP-H; PCP-E), Guadalupe (PCG-H; PCG-E), and Suape (PCS-H; PCS-E) were tested against Artemia salina larvae. Among the six extracts tested, PCP-H, PCP-E, PCS-H, and PCS-E showed low toxicity, with LC50 values above 250µg/mL. On the other hand, PCG-H (80 &lt; LC50 &lt; 250µg/mL) was categorized as moderately toxic, while PCG-E (LC50 &lt; 80µg/mL) was considered as highly toxic, with its degree of toxicity close to that of the standard drug cyclophosphamide (LC50 = 19.7µg/mL). The results indicate the presence of toxic compounds in the zoanthid obtained from Guadalupe and they suggest caution in the use of P. caribaeorum as a folk remedy. The variations found in the extracts of the tested Pernambucan populations of P. caribaeorum corroborate previous reports that the toxic action of this zoanthid is not inherent to the species, but it is influenced by environmental conditions and associated organisms