Patrón de riesgo de la incidencia de diarrea y mortalidad en terneros de lechería en Córdoba, Argentina

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia de diarrea y mortalidad en terneros de 2 a 65 días de edad y los factores de riesgo asociados. En una cohorte retrospectiva de un establecimiento de la zona rural de Córdoba, Argentina, 957 terneros Holstein provenientes de 5 lecherías fueron seguidos hasta los 65 días de vida. Sexo de los terneros, paridad de la madre, dificultades en el parto, ingestión de calostro, lechería de origen y estación al nacimiento fueron evaluados como predictores de la incidencia de diarrea y la mortalidad con un modelo de regresión de Cox. Cuarenta y ocho por ciento (48,59%) de los terneros experimentaron al menos un episodio de diarrea, mientras que 20,17% murieron antes de los 65 días de edad. La incidencia de diarrea alcanzó el máximo valor a los 10 días de edad, y la mortalidad estuvo concentrada alrededor de los 15 días de vida. Terneros nacidos en el otoño (HR = 0,239, IC 95%: 0,180- 0,317) y paridad de la madre (vaquilla vs vaca HR = 1,871, IC 95%: 1,130- 3,098) estuvieron asociados al riesgo de diarrea. Lechería de origen, estación de nacimiento (verano y otoño) e ingestión de calostro (deficiente vs adecuado HR = 1,645, IC 95%: 1,186- 2,283) estuvieron asociados al riesgo de muerte. La Fracción Atribuíble Poblacional (FAP) para la mortalidad debida a la ingesta de calostro deficiente fue 9% (IC 95%: 0,965- 16,332%). Los factores identificados pueden ayudar a introducir intervenciones para reducir la diarrea y mortalidad bajo las condiciones productivas de Argentina

Noninferiority study evaluating the efficacy of a teat disinfectant containing copper and zinc for prevention of naturally occurring intramammary infections in an automatic milking system

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the noninferiority of a novel teat disinfectant based on copper and zinc (ZkinCu; Copper Andino, Santiago de Chile, Chile) compared with a previously proven glycolic acid active disinfectant (OceanBlu; DeLaval, Kansas City, MO) as a positive control, with respect to the incidence of new intramammary infections under natural challenge conditions on a commercial robotic dairy farm. This study was conducted in 6 robotic pens of approximately 60 milking cows each. The pens were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 studied disinfectants. Throughout the 8 wk study, the same pre- and post-milking teat disinfectant was used in each pen. The same milking procedures were used in each robot throughout the study. Pre-milking hygiene consisted of applying the disinfectant (OceanBlu or ZkinCu) with the robotic arm. The same product was applied on the teats after milking. At the beginning of the study, all quarters of all study cows were sampled. In successive samplings (wk 2, 4, 6, and 8), composite milk samples were collected on farm to determine SCC. Once composite SCC results were available (2 d) and based on an SCC of ≥100,000 cells/mL, quarter milk samples underwent bacteriological culture. Clinical mastitis was identified by study personnel. Intramammary infection in biweekly quarter milk samples was determined based on composite SCC levels (≥100,000 cells/mL) and the presence of bacteria. A new IMI was defined as a quarter in which the organism isolated was not present in the previous bacteriological sample, or the previous composite SCC sample was <100,000 cells/mL. Clinical mastitis samples were also considered to be new IMI. The trial was designed as a positive control field trial, in which the objective was to show noninferiority of ZkinCu versus the control (OceanBlu). The overall crude incidences of new IMI for 2 wk at risk were 4.9 and 7.3% for the ZkinCu and OceanBlu groups, respectively. The predominant organisms recovered from quarters with new IMI were Streptococcus uberis, Corynebacterium spp., and coagulase-negative staphylococci in both the ZkinCu and OceanBlu groups. The risk of infection in the OceanBlu group was higher (β = 0.644; 95% confidence interval = 0.05–1.22). The interaction of treatment by week was not significant. The new IMI rate estimates (95% confidence interval) for ZkinCu and OceanBlu were 1.7% (0.8–2.5) and 3.2% (1.7–4.7), respectively. One novel aspect of this study is that it was one of the first commercial noninferiority trials to evaluate a new pre- and post-milking teat disinfectant in a dairy herd with an automatic milking system. The experimental teat disinfectant ZkinCu, evaluated in this field trial with naturally occurring IMI, showed noninferiority relative to the positive control for the prevention of new IMI. This study was conducted in a herd with an automatic milking system, and the results are applicable to herds with similar characteristics. Additional studies are needed to ensure reproducibility under different management conditions.Fil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Mella, Armin. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Amestica, Luis. R&d Copper Andino Sa; ChileFil: Pol, Martin. Lactodiagnóstico Sur SRL; Argentin

Preference of veterinarians to select an udder health programme for milk producers

This investigation was carried out to gain more insight about the preference of veterinarians on the implementation of an udder health programme (UHP) in a dairy farm. Methods A choice experiment was designed to elicit the preferences of the participants. The study population consisted of 36 veterinarians from Argentina specialised on milk quality. The choice experiment offered several UHPs, which were combinations of some of the interventions included in the so-called five-point plan. To reduce bias among the participants, the UHPs offered were unlabelled and considered two farm contexts: One was on a pasture system and the other was on a dry-lot with pasture access system. The basic criteria (the so-called attribute) to describe veterinarians' preferences for each UHP proposed were efficacy on clinical mastitis (CM) and bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) reduction, cost and technical support. The data collected were analysed using conjoint analysis. Results UHP cost and UHP efficacy on BMSCC and CM had a significant influence on veterinarians' ranking decisions under both dairy production contexts. The efficacy on CM was the most important attribute to prefer a particular UHP, while technical assistance was the least important attribute considered. The attributes related to efficacy on both BMSCC and CM explained over 60 per cent of the total importance of all attributes. Conclusion To the authors' knowledge, this is the first research in South America focused on studying veterinarians' preferences to suggest a UHP. The cost and efficacy attributes were the veterinarians' top priority attributes to decide the best UHP.Fil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Richardet, Melina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chaves, Javier. Lactodiagnóstico Sur; ArgentinaFil: Larriestra, Alejandro Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas; Argentin

Caracterização da gestão de novilhas em rebanhos leiteiros do oeste de Buenos Aires, Argentina

The replacement program in a dairy farm represents the second or third largest cost in a dairy operation. This study aimed to characterize and typify the practices related to the dairy heifer replacement program and describe the growth, development, and health parameters during this period in commercial dairy herds in Trenque Lauquen. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, including 54 randomly selected dairy farms that were visited once to collect data about facilities and management through a semi-structured survey. Cluster and principal coordinates analysis were applied to classify the farms based on all variables collected, grouped in four main areas: pre-fresh cows, colostrum management, pre-weaning calf ’s management, and personnel. Additionally, growth, development, and health status were also recorded and described for calves and breeding heifers. Two similar-sized farm clusters were identified with differences in management and facilities in different areas of calves rearing. In one cluster there was a greater proportion of farms having a pre-fresh group, implementing appropriate health (colostrum, vaccination) and feeding management. Also, differences in personnel and technical support were relevant. The estimated body gain was 452 and 774 g/d for calves younger or older than 60 d of age, respectively. The age and weight farm averages in breeding heifers were 21.0 mo (range: 16.7-27.5) and 416.3 kg (range: 336.7-519.3), respectively. Diarrhea and respiratory affections were the major problems in pre-weaning calves and heifer rearing, respectively. The median mortality was 7.3, 7.6, and 2.9% at the calving, pre-weaning, and heifer rearing period, respectively. The results showed an improvement opportunity for producers, the design of precise and high impact programs that could lead to an improved replacement program.Nos rebanhos leiteiros, o programa de reposição representa o segundo ou o terceiro maior custo da atividade de produção de leite. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar e tipificar as práticas relacionadas ao programa de reposição de novilhas leiteiras e descrever o crescimento, desenvolvimento e parâmetros de saúde durante este período em rebanhos leiteiros comerciais localizados em Trenque Lauquen, oeste de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal incluindo 54 fazendas de produção de leite selecionadas ao acaso e visitadas uma única vez para a colheita de dados relacionados a instalações e manejo empregando-se um questionário semi-estruturado. Foi efetuada a análise dos agrupamentos e das coordenadas principais para classificar as fazendas com base em todas as variáveis colhidas e agrupadas em quatro principais áreas: vacas pré-parto, manejo de colostro, manejo pré-desmame de bezerros e recursos humanos. Os dados referentes ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e estado de saúde dos animais também foram registrados e descritos para bezerros e novilhas. Dois grupos de fazendas de tamanho semelhante foram identificados com diferenças no manejo e instalações em distintas áreas de recria de bezerros. Em um grupo houve uma maior proporção de fazendas que tinham um grupo de vacas pré-parto, com implementação de adequada manejo de saúde (colostro, vacinações) e manejo alimentar, também, foram relevantes as diferenças em termos de pessoal e suporte técnico. O ganho de peso estimado foi de 452 e 774 gramas por dia, respectivamente, para os bezerros jovens e os com idade superior a 60 dias. As médias das fazendas da idade e do peso das novilhas de reprodução foram, respectivamente, 21,0 meses (variação de 16,7 a 27,5) e 416,3 kg (variação de 336,7 a 519,3). A diarreia e as afecções respiratórias foram os maiores problemas de saúde, respectivamente, nos bezerros em pré-desmama e novilhas em recria. A média de mortalidade foi de 7,3; 7,6 e 2,9%, respectivamente, ao parto, na pré-desmama e durante a recria de novilhas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a existência de oportunidades de melhoria para os produtores, com o delineamento de programas precisos e de alto impacto que poderão propiciar um programa de reposição aprimorado.Fil: Demateis Lllera, Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas. Agencia de Extension Rural Trenque Lauquen.; ArgentinaFil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Turiello, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Herrero, Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Larriestra, Alejandro Jose. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentin

Canine leptospirosis: description of first clinical case in "El Cerrito" (San Rafael-Mendoza-Argentina)

El estudio de caso realizado mediante examen clínico, serológico y anatomopatológico de un canino Rottweiler, permitió describir por primera vez un cuadro de Leptospirosis canina en la ciudad de San Rafael (Mendoza, Argentina), lugar de clima desértico y paradójicamente hostil al mantenimiento del agente zoonótico donde hasta el momento se desconocía la presencia de dicha enfermedad. Los signos clínicos inespecíficos del paciente tales como fiebre, deshidratación severa, dolor lumbar y abdominal, se relacionaron con un cuadro renal y posterior compromiso hepático de carácter subagudo. La serología mediante la técnica de MAT evidenció títulos positivos de 1/6400 para L. canicola y L. pyrogenes y de 1/400 para L. icterohaemorrhagiae. Los trastornos circulatorios presentes y la pobre respuesta al tratamiento resultaron en el deceso del animal originado por insuficiencia renal y posterior falla hepática. El análisis histopatológico evidenció necrosis de hepatocitos, coléstasis biliar y nefritis túbulo-intersticial con infiltración leucocitaria mononuclear. Mediante tinción argéntica se detectó la presencia de estructuras espiraladas compatibles con leptospiras.Fil: Troyano, L.. Clínica Veterinaria Libertad; ArgentinaFil: Amin, D.. Clínica Veterinaria Libertad; ArgentinaFil: Bagnis, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Chanique, Analia Maria Luisa. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Vivian. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentin

Heifer management characterization in dairy herds from the west of Buenos Aires, Argentina

The replacement program in a dairy farm represents the second or third largest cost in a dairy operation. This study aimed to characterize and typify the practices related to the dairy heifer replacement program and describe the growth, development, and health parameters during this period in commercial dairy herds in Trenque Lauquen. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, including 54 randomly selected dairy farms that were visited once to collect data about facilities and management through a semi-structured survey. Cluster and principal coordinates analysis were applied to classify the farms based on all variables collected, grouped in four main areas: pre-fresh cows, colostrum management, pre-weaning calf ’s management, and personnel. Additionally, growth, development, and health status were also recorded and described for calves and breeding heifers. Two similar-sized farm clusters were identified with differences in management and facilities in different areas of calves rearing. In one cluster there was a greater proportion of farms having a pre-fresh group, implementing appropriate health (colostrum, vaccination) and feeding management. Also, differences in personnel and technical support were relevant. The estimated body gain was 452 and 774 g/d for calves younger or older than 60 d of age, respectively. The age and weight farm averages in breeding heifers were 21.0 mo (range: 16.7-27.5) and 416.3 kg (range: 336.7-519.3), respectively. Diarrhea and respiratory affections were the major problems in pre-weaning calves and heifer rearing, respectively. The median mortality was 7.3, 7.6, and 2.9% at the calving, pre-weaning, and heifer rearing period, respectively. The results showed an improvement opportunity for producers, the design of precise and high impact programs that could lead to an improved replacement program. Nos rebanhos leiteiros, o programa de reposição representa o segundo ou o terceiro maior custo da atividade de produção de leite. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar e tipificar as práticas relacionadas ao programa de reposição de novilhas leiteiras e descrever o crescimento, desenvolvimento e parâmetros de saúde durante este período em rebanhos leiteiros comerciais localizados em Trenque Lauquen, oeste de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Foi realizado um estudo  observacional transversal incluindo 54 fazendas de produção de leite selecionadas ao acaso e visitadas uma única vez para a colheita de dados relacionados a instalações e manejo empregando-se um questionário semi-estruturado. Foi efetuada a análise dos agrupamentos e das coordenadas principais para classificar as fazendas com base em todas as variáveis colhidas e agrupadas em quatro principais áreas: vacas pré-parto, manejo de colostro, manejo pré-desmame de bezerros e recursos humanos. Os dados referentes ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e estado de saúde dos animais também foram registrados e descritos para bezerros e novilhas. Dois grupos de fazendas de tamanho semelhante foram identificados com diferenças no manejo e instalações em distintas áreas de recria de bezerros. Em um grupo houve uma maior proporção de fazendas que tinham um grupo de vacas pré-parto, com implementação de adequado manejo de saúde (colostro, vacinações) e manejo alimentar. Também foram relevantes as diferenças em termos de pessoal e suporte técnico. O ganho de peso estimado foi de 452 e 774 gramas por dia, respectivamente, para os bezerros jovens e os com idade superior a 60 dias. As médias das fazendas da idade e do peso das novilhas de reprodução foram, respectivamente, 21,0 meses (variação de 16,7 a 27,5) e 416,3 kg (variação de 336,7 a 519,3). A diarreia e as afecções respiratórias foram os maiores problemas de saúde, respectivamente, nos bezerros em pré-desmama e novilhas em recria. A média de mortalidade foi de 7,3; 7,6 e 2,9%, respectivamente, ao parto, na pré-desmama e durante a recria de novilhas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a existência de oportunidades de melhoria para os produtores, com o delineamento de programas precisos e de alto impacto que poderão propiciar um programa de reposição aprimorado.

Magnitude and variation of clinical mastitis and its associated costs in dairy herds of Argentina

A survey was conducted to evaluate the magnitude and variation of clinical mastitis among dairy herds. Prevalence, cumulative incidence and incidence rate were estimated, exploring risk factors at cow level and economic consequences. A cross sectional convenience sample of 2,535 Holstein-Friesian milking cows from 19 herds was the study population. Herd prevalence was estimated the day of the visit. Cows that showed no clinical signs were followed during 15 days to get incidence estimates. Mixed logistic models and survival analysis were applied. Using prevalence data, each case was monetized considering milk discharged, treatment costs and estimated milk losses until dry-off. Overall gross prevalence was 2.5 cases/100 cows (95% CI = 1.9-3.1), cumulative incidence was 3.9 new cases/100 milking cows (95% CI = 3.1-4.7) and incidence rate was 2.7 new cases/1.000 cow-days (95% CI = 2.2-3.3). The herds medians were 1.69 (q1 = 0, q3 = 4.2), 3.6 (q1 = 2.0, q3 = 4.6) and 0.25 (q1 = 0.14, q3 = 0.42), respectively. Cows during early lactation showed higher odds of being a prevalent case (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.01-2.85). In cows, cumulative incidence (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.84-6.11) and incidence rate (HR = 3.83; 95% CI = 2.05-7.15) were three times higher compared with heifers, after the adjustment for days in milk and herd. Average cost for case was US$185.01 and US$ 143.03 in cows and heifers, respectively, and the average losses reached up to US$4.50/milking cow (95$ 185,01 y US$143,03 para vacas y vaquillonas, respectivamente. La pérdida promedio fue de 4,50 US$/vaca en ordeña (IC 95% = 3,38-5,61). Este es el primer estudio que aborda la distribución e impacto de la mastitis clínica en rodeos lecheros en Argentina.Fil: Richardet, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Sergio. Asociación pro Calidad de la Leche y sus Derivados; ArgentinaFil: Tirante, Liliana. Asociación pro Calidad de la Leche y sus Derivados; ArgentinaFil: Vissio, Claudina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Larriestra, Alejandro Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentin

Mastitis in Holstein cows and associated factors in dairy farms in Córdoba, Argentina

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la incidencia de mastitis clínica (MC) en tambos e identificar factores individuales asociados a nuevos episodios. Nueve tambos del tipo semi- pastoril que aplicaban medidas de control y prevención de la mastitis, fueron incluidos y visitados dos veces con un intervalo de 15 días. Una muestra aleatoria de vacas fue seleccionada en la primera visita y monitoreada durante los 15 días posteriores para la identificación de los nuevos casos de MC. La incidencia fue determinada como el cociente entre el número de casos nuevos de MC durante el período de seguimiento y el número de vacas sanas en la primera visita. Los factores de riesgo evaluados a nivel de vaca fueron: suciedad de la ubre, distancia al piso de la punta del pezón anterior, número ordinal de partos y días en lactancia. A nivel de cuarto se evaluó la presencia de pérdida espontánea de leche, condición del pezón considerando estado de la piel, presencia de anillo e hiperqueratosis. El grado de mastitis subclínica se valoró utilizando el California Mastitis Test (CMT). Un modelo lineal generalizado mixto fue ajustado para evaluar la asociación entre los factores relevados y la presentación de un caso nuevo de MC. Un total de 990 vacas fueron analizadas identificándose 62 (6,7%, intervalo de confianza-IC 95% 5,0-8,3) casos nuevos de MC. Los factores asociados a la presentación de un caso nuevo de mastitis clínica en el modelo final fueron días en lactancia, suciedad de la ubre y grado de CMT. Vacas con ubres muy sucias (grado 4) y resultado de CMT >2 en al menos un cuarto, mostraron valores de odds ratio (OR) de 2,56 (1,19-5,50) y 3,29 (1,5-7,2), respectivamente. Los atributos de la vaca identificados como asociados pueden ser indicadores de riesgo para el manejo especifico de la salud mamaria en el tambo.The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy farms and identify individual factors associated with these new episodes. Nine semipastoral dairy farms applying mastitis control and prevention measures were included and visited twice with an interval of 15 days. A random sample of cows was selected in the first visit and monitored during the following 15 days for the identification of new cases of CM. The incidence was determined as the ratio between the number of new CM cases during the follow-up period and the number of healthy cows at the first visit. The risk factors evaluated at cow level were udder hygiene, distance to the floor of the anterior quarter teat, parity and days in milk; at quarter level was evaluated the leaking milk, teat skin condition, presence of ring and hyperkeratosis and subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). A generalized mixed linear model was adjusted to evaluate the association between the factors surveyed and a new CM case. A total of 990 cows were analyzed and 62 (6.7%, 95% CI 5.0­ 8.3) new cases of CM were identified. The factors associated to a new case of clinical mastitis in the final model were days in milking, udder hygiene and CMT level. Cows with very dirty udders (level 4) and CMT result >2 in at least one quarter showed odds ratio (OR) values of 2.56 (1.19-5.5) and 3.29 (1.5-7.2), respectively. Cow attributes identified as associated may be risk indicators for specific mammary health management in the dairy herd.Fil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Myriam Elma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Lamberti, Maximiliano José. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Bonetto, Cesar Celestino. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Larriestra, Alejandro Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentin

Ureaplasma diversum y Ureaplasma sp. en cavidad nasal de los cerdos: Distribución entre granjas y frecuencia individual basada en muestras agrupadas

La participación de Ureaplasma diversum (U. diversum) en el complejo de las enfermedades respiratorias porcinas (CERP), su circulación entre las piaras y la prevalencia en cerdos vivos se desconoce. Este estudio tuvo por objetivos determinar la presencia de U. diversum en criaderos intensivos de cerdos y la frecuencia individual de cerdos portadores de dicho agente, a partir de muestras agrupadas. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 16 granjas confinadas de las provincias de Córdoba y La Pampa, en el que se recogieron ocho muestras de hisopos nasales que se procesaron posteriormente en dos grupos de cuatro muestras cada uno, mediante una PCR dirigida a un fragmento del gen del 16S ARN ribosomal. Se secuenciaron cuatro productos de la PCR y se les alineó contra las bases de datos. Se detectó U. diversum-Ureaplasma sp. en el 56,3% de las granjas, con 16,5% (IC del 95%: 8,2-30,8) de cerdos positivos. Se concluyó que U. diversum-Ureaplasma sp. están presentes en la cavidad nasal de cerdos vivos, con amplia distribución en las granjas.The role of Ureaplasma diversum in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), its circulation among herds and prevalence in live pigs is unknown; thus, the objectives of this study were: to determine the presence of U. diversum in indoor intensive pig herds and to determine the individual frequency of pigs with U. diversum from pooled samples. A cross sectional study was carried out in 16 indoor intensive herds from Córdoba and La Pampa provinces, collecting eight nasal swabs specimens that were further processed by two pools of four specimens each by a PCR targeting a fragment of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Four PCR products were sequenced and aligned against data bases. U. diversum --- Ureaplasma sp. were detected in 56.3% of the analyzed herds, with 16.5% (95% CI 8.2---30.8) of positive pigs. It was concluded that U. diversum --- Ureaplasma sp. are present in the nasal cavity of live pigs, being widely distributed among herds.Fil: Seitz, Jimena Anahí. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vicharelli, Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: García, Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Estanguet, Abel Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Parada, Julian. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Carranza, Alicia Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Di Cola, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Tamiozzo, Pablo Jesus. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Milking machine and udder health management factors associated with bulk milk somatic cell count in Uruguayan herds

This paper describes the findings of static milking machine tests and milking observations on Uruguayan dairy farms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between both milking machine performance and udder health management factors and bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) in Uruguayan dairy herds. Data from 907 visits were used for the analysis. The farm visits were made between April 2006 and November 2015 and farms were located in 17 of the 19 departments of Uruguay. Each visit involved a short static machine test and observation of the milking process; the use of blanket dry cow therapy was also recorded. The BMSCC was the variable of interest. Univariable analysis was applied to explore the best set of predictors to be included in the multivariable model. A multivariable linear regression model was fitted. The median BMSCC over the years was 376 thousand cells/mL (interquartile range = 280,000–500,000 cells/mL). The final model showed a lower BMSCC for herds that used post-milking teat disinfection, applied the teat cups to dry teats and maintained the pulsation system in good working order. There was no significant association between BMSCC and blanket dry cow therapy in the final model. The association of these milking machine and udder health management factors with the BMSCC under Uruguayan conditions is relevant information for a dairy industry that needs low BMSCCs to compete on the world market.Fil: Vissio, Claudina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bouman, Mette. Lactodiagnóstico Sur; UruguayFil: Larriestra, Alejandro Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Villa María; Argentin