Role of clays in the prebiotic synthesis of sugar derivatives from formamide

We describe here the role of montmorillonite KSF in the prebiotic synthesis of amino sugar derivatives starting from a mixture of formamide and formaldehyde as simple chemical precursors. Since amino sugars are key intermediates in the synthesis of complex nucleic acid derivatives, this procedure opens a novel pathway for the formation of nucleosides under plausible primordial conditionsL'articolo é disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.informaworld.co

Role of clays in the prebiotic synthesis of sugar derivatives from formamide

We describe here the role of montmorillonite KSF in the prebiotic synthesis of amino sugar derivatives starting from a mixture of formamide and formaldehyde as simple chemical precursors. Since amino sugars are key intermediates in the synthesis of complex nucleic acid derivatives, this procedure opens a novel pathway for the formation of nucleosides under plausible primordial conditionsL'articolo é disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.informaworld.co

New routes to chiral Evans' auxiliaries by enzymatic desymmetrisation and resolution

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Errori di misura nellÂ’indagine sui bilanci delle famiglie italiane

This paper is aimed at evaluating the incidence of measurement error on the main variables collected in the Bank of ItalyÂ’s Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW). The results are especially relevant to researchers using the data for economic analysis, since they need to take data quality into account. Moreover, a thorough knowledge of the problems affecting the survey gives indications for improvements in its design and implementation. Where time-invariant variables are concerned, measurement error is studied by assessing the degree of inconsistency of answers given by panel households in subsequent survey waves. In the case of quantities that have an actual variation in time, such as income or wealth, the Heise (1969) model is applied; if data from at least three waves are available, we can separate the true dynamics from the noise of measurement error, under assumptions that are fairly mild. The essay also touches upon the role of fieldwork conditions, interviewer and respondent features in the determination of data quality.reddito, ricchezza, metodi campionari

Virtual reality exposure therapy for school phobia

School phobia is characterized by fear to diverse events associated to school such as being beaten by a classmate, bullied or criticised in front of the lass, having to speak in public, doing exams, getting undressed to practice sports, etc. and can frequently cause young children to a chronic school refusal leading to significant social and academic difficulties. In older children and adolescents, the risk of a low school performance and an early school dropout is increased. Diverse techniques of graded and non-graded exposure have been used in the treatment of this problem. In vivo exposure alone or preceded by imagery exposure is the treatment more frequently applied. Clinical practice with children suggests the use of behavioural procedures requires a considerable amount of flexibility and creativity and procedures that warrantee their comprehension and cooperation. techniques based on virtual reality address these requirements and are capable of increasing the motivation of children to participate in treatment. In line with this, our group of research has developed a series of virtual environments that can be integrated to a treatment program for children and adolescents with school phobia. To study its efficacy, 18 participants with high scores on school phobia measures were randomly assigned to a group of treatment whereas other 18 participants were assigned to a waiting list group. A specific treatment effect on schoolrelated fears was found suggesting that exposure by means of virtual environments might be an effective treatment for school phobia

Tratamiento de la fobia escolar mediante exposición con realidad virtual

School phobia is characterized by fear to diverse events associated to school such as being beaten by a classmate, bullied or criticised in front of the lass, having to speak in public, doing exams, getting undressed to practice sports, etc. and can frequently cause young children to a chronic school refusal leading to significant social and academic difficulties. In older children and adolescents, the risk of a low school performance and an early school dropout is increased. Diverse techniques of graded and non-graded exposure have been used in the treatment of this problem. In vivo exposure alone or preceded by imagery exposure is the treatment more frequently applied. Clinical practice with children suggests the use of behavioural procedures requires a considerable amount of flexibility and creativity and procedures that warrantee their comprehension and cooperation. techniques based on virtual reality address these requirements and are capable of increasing the motivation of children to participate in treatment. In line with this, our group of research has developed a series of virtual environments that can be integrated to a treatment program for children and adolescents with school phobia. To study its efficacy, 18 participants with high scores on school phobia measures were randomly assigned to a group of treatment whereas other 18 participants were assigned to a waiting list group. A specific treatment effect on schoolrelated fears was found suggesting that exposure by means of virtual environments might be an effective treatment for school phobia.La fobia escolar se caracteriza por el miedo a diversos eventos relacionados con la escuela, tales como ser golpeado por un compañero, ser objeto de burlas, ser criticado en clase, hablar delante del resto de la clase, hacer exámenes, desvestirse a la hora del deporte, etc. y lleva con frecuencia en niños pequeños a un rechazo crónico, que desemboca en una significativa dificultad social y académica. En niños mayores y adolescentes se incrementa el riesgo de un bajo aprovechamiento escolar y/o un abandono escolar prematuro. Para el tratamiento de este problema se han empleado diversas técnicas de exposición, graduada o no. Lo más frecuente ha sido emplear exposición en vivo sola o precedida por exposición con imaginación. Trabajando con niños, se ha encontrado que el uso de procedimientos conductuales requiere de una considerable flexibilidad y creatividad, así como procedimientos que garanticen su comprensión y cooperación. Las técnicas basadas en realidad virtual pueden cumplir con esos requisitos e incrementar la motivación del niño para participar en el tratamiento. Con ese objetivo,nuestro grupo ha desarrollado una serie de entornos virtuales que pueden ser integrados en un programa de tratamiento de niños y adolescentes con fobia escolar. Para estudiar su eficacia, se asignaron aleatoriamente 18 niños con puntuaciones altas en instrumentos empleados para evaluar la fobia escolar a un grupo de tratamiento y 18 a un grupo en lista de espera, Se encontró un efecto específico del tratamiento sobre los miedos escolares, que hace pensar que la exposición mediante entornos virtuales es un tratamiento probablemente eficaz para la fobia escola

Learning intraoperative organ manipulation with context-based reinforcement learning

PURPOSE: Automation of sub-tasks during robotic surgery is challenging due to the high variability of the surgical scenes intra- and inter-patients. For example, the pick and place task can be executed different times during the same operation and for distinct purposes. Hence, designing automation solutions that can generalise a skill over different contexts becomes hard. All the experiments are conducted using the Pneumatic Attachable Flexible (PAF) rail, a novel surgical tool designed for robotic-assisted intraoperative organ manipulation. METHODS: We build upon previous open-source surgical Reinforcement Learning (RL) training environment to develop a new RL framework for manipulation skills, rlman. In rlman, contextual RL agents are trained to solve different aspects of the pick and place task using the PAF rail system. rlman is implemented to support both low- and high-dimensional state information to solve surgical sub-tasks in a simulation environment. RESULTS: We use rlman to train state of the art RL agents to solve four different surgical sub-tasks involving manipulation skills using the PAF rail. We compare the results with state-of-the-art benchmarks found in the literature. We evaluate the ability of the agent to be able to generalise over different aspects of the targeted surgical environment. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the rlman framework can support the training of different RL algorithms for solving surgical sub-task, analysing the importance of context information for generalisation capabilities. We are aiming to deploy the trained policy on the real da Vinci using the dVRK and show that the generalisation of the trained policy can be transferred to the real world

Toxicity of oil from Anacardium humile Saint Hill (Anacardiaceae), on Bemisia tuberculata (Bondar, 1923) (Hemipttera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava plants.

The aim was to evaluate the toxic effects of essential oil of Anacardium humile, in different concentrations, on survival and development of the whitefly Bemisia tuberculata on the cassava plants, Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at a temperature of 26±4º C. Twenty adults were confined in cages, which contained a leaf of cassava plant and removed after 24 hours. The oil was sprayed in the concentrations of the 0.006%, 0.05%, 0.8% and 2%, when the nymphs were attached to the leaves. Data was collected daily by counting nymphs, pseudopupae and adults and the passages of each stage. All treatments increased the juvenile phase. The mortality in the nymphal stage decreased with the oil concentration, respectively, 79.81 (2%), 77.89 (0.8%), 79.98 (0.05%) and 67.14% (0.006%). The total mortality of pseudopupae followed the same tendency. The essential oil from the leaves of A. humile is a supplier of molecule(s) insecticide(s) and causes a deleterious effect on B. tuberculata with increased of the the juvenile phase, nymphal and total mortality of pseudopupae

PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN SEKOLAH DI SMK CITRA MEDIKA SRAGEN

 ABSTRACTThis article is a scientific paper with explorative methods. The purpose of this scientific article 1) determine planning in financial management Citra Medika vocational schools in Sragen. 2) determine the budget realization in the financial management of the school in SMK Citra Medika Sragen. 3) determine the supervision in the financial management of the school in SMK Citra Medika Sragen. Financing and financial management in the management system is the input and output of the process to produce the quality of education services organized by the school. Financial management processes are in vocational Citra Medika Sragen has fully used the principles of financial management of the school in particular the principle of fairness and efficiency. The use of the principle of fairness which is preparing Budgets and the principle of efficiency that is applied internally in the form of realization of revenue and expenditure budget of the school, while externally the benefits received and costs incurred by students if the students go to school. In financial planning, vocational Citra Medika Sragen is implemented in the form of income and expenditure budget plan school adapted to the purpose, vision, mission and objectives of the school, while the realization of revenue and expenditure of school funds refer to the planning that has been designed in the budget. Accountability of the use of school finances are reported in the form of a comprehensive financial report mainly for the elderly and reported to the Annual General Meeting by the principal who is in charge. Keywords: School Financial Planning, Realization, financial accountability of schools ABSTRAK Artikel ini merupakan karya ilmiah dengan metode eksploratif. Tujuan artikel ilmiah ini 1) mengetahui perencanaan dalam pengelolaan keuangan sekolah di SMK Citra Medika Sragen. 2) mengetahui realisasi anggaran dalam pengelolaan keuangan sekolah di SMK Citra Medika Sragen. 3) mengetahui pengawasan dalam pengelolaan keuangan sekolah di SMK Citra Medika Sragen. Pembiayaan dan pengelolaan keuangan dalam sistem manajemen merupakan input dan proses untuk menghasilkan output berupa kualitas pelayanan pendidikan yang diselenggarakan oleh sekolah. Proses pengelolaan keuangan yang terdapat di SMK Citra Medika Sragen sudah sepenuhnya menggunakan prinsip-prinsip pengelolaan keuangan sekolah khususnya prinsip keadilan dan efisiensi. Penggunaan prinsip keadilan yaitu menyusun RAPBS dan prinsip efisiensi yaitu diterapkan secara internal berupa realisasi anggaran pendapatan dan belanja sekolah, sedangkan secara eksternal dalam manfaat yang diterima serta biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh peserta didik apabila peserta didik bersekolah. Pada perencanaan keuangan, di SMK Citra Medika Sragen diimplementasikan dalam bentuk rencana anggaran pendapatan dan belanja sekolah yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan, visi, misi, serta tujuan sekolah, sedangkan realisasi penerimaan dan pengeluaran dana sekolah mengacu pada perencanaan yang telah dirancang dalam RAPBS. Pertanggungjawaban penggunaan keuangan sekolah dilaporkan dalam bentuk laporan keuangan yang komprehensif terutama untuk orang tua dan dilaporkan pada Rapat Umum Tahunan oleh kepala sekolah selaku penanggungjawab. Kata Kunci : Perencanaan keuangan Sekolah , Realisasi, Pertanggungjawaban keuangan sekolah.