Migration, Integration, Asylumin Germany 2019: Political and Legal Developments

Der jährlich erscheinende Politikbericht der nationalen Kontaktstelle des Europäischen Migrationsnetzwerks (EMN) beschreibt für knapp ein Dutzend Themenfelder im Bereich der Migrations-, Integration- und Asylpolitik relevante Entwicklungen im Jahr 2019. Der 16. Politikbericht im Rahmen des EMN bietet wie gewohnt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten politischen, rechtlichen und institutionellen Entwicklungen des Jahres 2019 in den folgenden Bereichen: Allgemeine politische, rechtliche und institutionelle Struktur, legale Zuwanderung und Mobilität, internationaler Schutz und Asyl, unbegleitete Minderjährige und andere besonders schutzbedürftige Personengruppen, Integration und Antidiskriminierung, Staatsangehörigkeit und Staatenlosigkeit, Grenzkontrolle und Visapolitik, irreguläre Migration und Schleusung, Rückkehr, Menschenhandel und Migration und Entwicklung.The annual policy report of the National Contact Point of the European Migration Network (EMN) describes relevant developments of the year 2019 across several topical areas in migration, integration and asylum policy. As usual, the 16th Policy Report of the EMN provides an overview of the most important political, legal and institutional developments in 2019 in the following areas: general political, legal and institutional structure, legal migration and mobility, international protection and asylum, naccompanied minors and other vulnerable groups, integration and non-discrimination, citizenship and statelessness, border control and visa policy, irregular migration, migrant smuggling, returns, trafficking in human beings, and migration and development

Electronic structure of fully epitaxial Co2TiSn thin films

In this article we report on the properties of thin films of the full Heusler compound Co2TiSn prepared by DC magnetron co-sputtering. Fully epitaxial, stoichiometric films were obtained by deposition on MgO (001) substrates at substrate temperatures above 600{\deg}C. The films are well ordered in the L21 structure, and the Curie temperature exceeds slightly the bulk value. They show a significant, isotropic magnetoresistance and the resistivity becomes strongly anomalous in the paramagnetic state. The films are weakly ferrimagnetic, with nearly 1 \mu_B on the Co atoms, and a small antiparallel Ti moment, in agreement with theoretical expectations. From comparison of x-ray absorption spectra on the Co L3/L2 edges, including circular and linear magnetic dichroism, with ab initio calculations of the x-ray absorption and circular dichroism spectra we infer that the electronic structure of Co2TiSn has essentially non-localized character. Spectral features that have not been explained in detail before, are explained here in terms of the final state band structure.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Seebeck coefficients of half-metallic ferromagnets

In this report the Co2 based Heusler compounds are discussed as potential materials for spin voltage generation. The compounds were synthesized by arcmelting and consequent annealing. Band structure calculations were performed and revealed the compounds to be half-metallic ferromagnets. Magnetometry was performed on the samples and the Curie temperatures and the magnetic moments were determined. The Seebeck coefficients were measured from low to ambient temperatures for all compounds. For selected compounds high temperature measurements up to 900 K were performed.Comment: accepted contribution o the Special Issue "Spin Caloritronics" of Solid State Communication

Follow-up of bone mineral density changes in de novo kidney transplant recipients treated with two doses of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand inhibitor denosumab

BACKGROUND: Studies in women with post-menopausal osteoporosis have shown that discontinuation of treatment with denosumab leads to an increased risk of vertebral fractures because of rebound bone turnover and rapid loss of bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: In a post hoc analysis of the Prolia for Osteoporosis of Transplant Operated Patient study, we analyzed the effect of denosumab withdrawal on BMD changes. Twenty-five de novo kidney transplant recipients (KTR) who were treated for 1 year with 2 six-monthly doses of denosumab on top of standard treatment (daily calcium and vitamin D) were compared to a control group of 29 KTR who received standard treatment alone. BMD changes were analyzed by repeated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry shortly after transplantation (baseline), after 6 and 12 months (active treatment phase) and after 2-6.5 years (follow-up phase). RESULTS: The average BMD at the lumbar spine declined markedly after discontinuation of treatment with denosumab but increased again thereafter. Thus, the average monthly change in lumbar spine BMD from month 12 onward was only 0.1 ± 2.8‰ in the denosumab group but 1.5 ± 1.9‰ in the control group (p = 0.021). The average monthly change in lumbar spine BMD from baseline to follow-up was similar in the control and denosumab group (1.1 ± 1.2‰ vs. 1.5 ± 2.4‰, p = 0.788). Similar results were seen at the total hip. CONCLUSIONS: In de novo KTR treated with 2 doses of denosumab, we detect a marked decrease in lumbar spine and hip BMD when denosumab is discontinued. Denosumab treatment should therefore not be discontinued without considering an alternative antiresorptive treatment

Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions: Earth system effects

The eruption of Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815 had substantial effects on global climate and led to the ‘Year Without a Summer’ of 1816 in Europe and North America. Although a tragic event—tens of thousands of people lost their lives—the eruption also was an ‘experiment of nature’ from which science has learned until today. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of the Tambora eruption and its effects on climate as expressed in early instrumental observations, climate proxies and geological evidence, climate reconstructions, and model simulations. Progress has been made with respect to our understanding of the eruption process and estimated amount of SO2 injected into the atmosphere, although large uncertainties still exist with respect to altitude and hemispheric distribution of Tambora aerosols. With respect to climate effects, the global and Northern Hemispheric cooling are well constrained by proxies whereas there is no strong signal in Southern Hemisphere proxies. Newly recovered early instrumental information for Western Europe and parts of North America, regions with particularly strong climate effects, allow Tambora's effect on the weather systems to be addressed. Climate models respond to prescribed Tambora-like forcing with a strengthening of the wintertime stratospheric polar vortex, global cooling and a slowdown of the water cycle, weakening of the summer monsoon circulations, a strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and a decrease of atmospheric CO2. Combining observations, climate proxies, and model simulations for the case of Tambora, a better understanding of climate processes has emerged

Migration, Integration, Asylum: Political Developments in Germany 2018

Der jährlich erscheinende Politikbericht der nationalen Kontaktstelle des Europäischen Migrationsnetzwerks (EMN) beschreibt für knapp ein Dutzend Themenfelder im Bereich der Migrations-, Integrations- und Asylpolitik relevante Entwicklungen im Jahr 2018. Der 15. Politikbericht im Rahmen des Europäischen Migrationsnetzwerks bietet wie gewohnt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten politischen, rechtlichen und institutionellen Entwicklungen des Jahres 2018 in den folgenden Bereichen: Allgemeine politische, rechtliche und institutionelle Struktur, legale Zuwanderung und Mobilität, internationaler Schutz und Asyl, unbegleitete Minderjährige und andere Schutzbedürftige, Integration und Antidiskriminierung, Saatsangehörigkeit und Staatenlosigkeit, irreguläre Migration, Schleusung, Grenzkontrolle und Visapolitik, Rückkehr, Menschenhandel und Migration und Entwicklung. Der EU-weit vergleichende Bericht "Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2018" fasst wiederum die Ergebnisse von 27 nationalen Politikberichten zusammen und gibt somit einen hilfreichen Überblick zu den EU-weiten Entwicklungen.The annual policy report of the National Contact Point of the European Migration Network (EMN) describes relevant developments in 2018 for almost a dozen topical areas in migration, integration and asylum policy. As usual, the 15th Policy Report of the European Migration Network provides an overview of the most important political, legal and institutional developments in 2018 in the following areas: general political, legal and institutional structure, legal migration and mobility, international protection and asylum, unaccompanied minors and other vulnerable groups, integration and non-discrimination, citizenship and statelessness, irregular migration, migrant smuggling, border control and visa policy, returns, trafficking in human beings, and migration and development. The EU-wide comparative report entitled "Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2018" summarises the results of 27 national policy reports, and thus provides a helpful overview of EU-wide developments. The comparative annual report is available in three different formats, each in English: the detailed EMN synthesis report, the compact EMN Inform, and the one-page EMN Flash

Dopaminergic and opioidergic regulation during anticipation and consumption of social and nonsocial rewards

The observation of animal orofacial and behavioral reactions has played a fundamental role in research on reward but is seldom assessed in humans. Healthy volunteers (N = 131) received 400 mg of the dopaminergic antagonist amisulpride, 50 mg of the opioidergic antagonist naltrexone, or placebo. Subjective ratings, physical effort, and facial reactions to matched primary social (affective touch) and nonsocial (food) rewards were assessed. Both drugs resulted in lower physical effort and greater negative facial reactions during reward anticipation, especially of food rewards. Only opioidergic manipulation through naltrexone led to a reduction in positive facial reactions to liked rewards during reward consumption. Subjective ratings of wanting and liking were not modulated by either drug. Results suggest that facial reactions during anticipated and experienced pleasure rely on partly different neurochemical systems, and also that the neurochemical bases for food and touch rewards are not identical

Preparation of WS2-PMMA composite films for optical applications

C. B. acknowledges the German research foundation DFG under Emmy-Noether grant BA4856/2-1. C. B., J. Z. and M. C. G. acknowledge the Volkswagen foundation under grant agreement no. 93404-93406. W. J. B. gratefully acknowledges support by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under Grant Number 12/IA/1306.Thus far, research activities of 2D materials in optics, photonics and optoelectronics predominantly focus on micromechanically cleaved or grown nanosheets. Here, we show that high quality liquid-exfoliated nanosheets offer an alternative approach. Starting from well-defined, monolayer rich WS2 dispersions obtained after liquid exfoliation and size selection in aqueous surfactant, we present an optimised protocol facilitating transfer of the nanosheets to a polymer solution in organic media. From such dispersions, we fabricate WS2–polymer thin films by spin coating. The characteristic photoluminescence of WS2 monolayers is retained in the film at 2.04 eV without broadening (line width 40 meV) or significant changes in the line-shape. This confirms that nanosheet aggregation is efficiently prevented on transfer and deposition. The films are extremely smooth and uniform over large areas with a root mean square roughness <0.5 nm. To demonstrate the potential in optical applications, the nonlinear optical response was studied, revealing promise as optical limiter. In addition, we show that the photoluminescence can be manipulated by coupling the exciton response to cavity photons in a Ag microcavity.PostprintPeer reviewe

Migration, Integration, Asyl in Deutschland 2019: Politische und Rechtliche Entwicklungen

Der jährlich erscheinende Politikbericht der nationalen Kontaktstelle des Europäischen Migrationsnetzwerks (EMN) beschreibt für knapp ein Dutzend Themenfelder im Bereich der Migrations-, Integration- und Asylpolitik relevante Entwicklungen im Jahr 2019. Der 16. Politikbericht im Rahmen des EMN bietet wie gewohnt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten politischen, rechtlichen und institutionellen Entwicklungen des Jahres 2019 in den folgenden Bereichen: Allgemeine politische, rechtliche und institutionelle Struktur, legale Zuwanderung und Mobilität, internationaler Schutz und Asyl, unbegleitete Minderjährige und andere besonders schutzbedürftige Personengruppen, Integration und Antidiskriminierung, Staatsangehörigkeit und Staatenlosigkeit, Grenzkontrolle und Visapolitik, irreguläre Migration und Schleusung, Rückkehr, Menschenhandel und Migration und Entwicklung.The annual policy report of the National Contact Point of the European Migration Network (EMN) describes relevant developments of the year 2019 across several topical areas in migration, integration and asylum policy. As usual, the 16th Policy Report of the EMN provides an overview of the most important political, legal and institutional developments in 2019 in the following areas: general political, legal and institutional structure, legal migration and mobility, international protection and asylum, naccompanied minors and other vulnerable groups, integration and non-discrimination, citizenship and statelessness, border control and visa policy, irregular migration, migrant smuggling, returns, trafficking in human beings, and migration and development