A classification of food products to enhance circular economy and reduce waste: A systematic literature review

Along food supply chains, one-third of global food production is wasted annually: circular economy can be applied to prevent and recover food waste. The literature has explored food waste from many perspectives; however, no attention has been devoted to understanding how the intrinsic characteristics of food products influence food waste generation and valorization. This study proposes a classification of food products based on circular economy principles derived from a systematic literature review. The classification sheds light on how the intrinsic variability of food products influences food waste generation and recovery along the supply chain. The characteristics that drive differences in terms of food waste are identified by defining two product groups for each step of the chain (primary production: plant origin and animal origin; manufacturing: minimally processed and processed; distribution: ambient temperature and controlled temperature; retail: short shelf life and long shelf life). This stresses the intertwining of food waste with supply chain operations. Moreover, within the same supply chain stage, food waste causes and circular economy actions vary greatly depending on the product characteristics. The review also reveals how the most relevant causes within each product category correspond to a high relevance of practices addressing these causes. The adopted perspective represents a novel contribution to knowledge, providing a clear discussion of the variability of food waste along the supply chain and unveiling aspects requiring further research. From a practical standpoint, the classification can empower food industry actors to develop circular economy actions through an appropriate understanding of product characteristics

Feeding Behavior of Spurilla sp. (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) with a Description of the Kleptocnidae Sequestered from Its Sea Anemone Prey

Feeding behavior of Spurilla sp. (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) with a description of the kleptocnidae sequestered from its sea anemone prey. Zoological Studies 51(7): 905-912. Cnidocysts are sequestered from cnidarian prey by aeolid nudibranchs and stored in the tips of their appendages (cerata). The kleptocnidae of 11 specimens of Spurilla sp. are described in detail. The types and relative abundances of prey cnidocysts in nudibranch cerata were highly variable, suggesting exclusive anemone consumption. Spirocysts and several types of microbasic p-mastigophores, microbasic b-mastigophores, and basitrichs were found in external and internal tissues of sea anemone prey. This is the 1st report of predation of aeolid Spurilla sp. on the sea anemones Antholoba achates, Metridium senile lobatum, and Parabunodactis imperfecta from the rocky intertidal of Patagonia (Chubut Province, Argentina) and on Anthothoe chilensis and Tricnidactis errans at Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Photographs and digital videos of aeolidacean feeding behavior were recorded in situ and in aquaria. The purpose of this study was to provide valuable information on the diet of Spurilla sp. from Argentina using field observations and descriptions of the kleptocnidae.Fil: Garese, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: García Matucheski, Stella. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Muniain, Claudia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Fabian Horacio. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Grape microsatellite markers: Sizing of DNA alleles and genotype analysis of some grapevine cultivars

Capillary electrophoresis fluorescence-based technology and fragment sizing software were applied in order to type grape cultivars at microsatellite loci described by THOMAS and SCOTT (1993) and BOWERs et al. (1996). Whereas the data set was closely consistent with already known genotypes for the same cultivars, estimates of allele length differed remarkably from those reported. The pedigree of the Riesling crosses Bacchus, Optima, Müller-Thurgau, Scheurebe, Ehrenfelser, Kerner, Rotberger, Rieslaner and Incrocio Manzoni 6.0.13 were investigated, and Mendelian inheritance of automatically sized alleles proved to be easily scorable. In addition, ancient cultivars of the vine-growing area of Trentino were characterized at microsatellite loci. Genotypes of Marzemino, Teroldego, Lagrein, Lambrusco a foglia frastagliata and Groppello gentile proved to share more than 50 % of alleles

Predation by the nudibranch Tritonia odhneri (Opisthobranchia: Tritoniidae) on octocorals from the South Atlantic Ocean

The diet of the nudibranch mollusc Tritonia odhneri was investigated for the first time based on a detailed anatomical analysis of the gut content of 52 specimens. Digestive tracts of specimens were analysed under stereoscopic microscope equipped with digital camera. Portions of octocorals containing the calcareous sclerites were removed from the tracts and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sclerite morphology and size were determined at the species and genus level on the basis of a taxonomical revision and compared with fresh octocoral specimens collected from Patagonia (San Jorge Gulf) and with voucher specimens from the collections of Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-in). Specific predation of T. odhneri on octocoral species present in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean was detected. The nudibranch feeds on the gorgonians Primnoella divaricata, Primnoella scotiae (=P. compressa) and Tripalea clavaria, and the pennatulaceans Renilla octodentata and Stylatula sp. A world checklist of dietary interactions between species of the genus Tritonia and octocorals is presented and discussed.Fil: García Matucheski, Stella. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Muniain, Claudia Cristina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentin

O IMPACTO DO ENCARCERAMENTO MATERNO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOSSOCIAL DOS FILHOS

The prisional institution  has a specific cultural meaning cultural that can influence the individual relations of children; children of imprisoned women, and their development process in environments where their lives, can be on the school, in the neighborhood or a  family themselves, in which can be reproduced the social stigma, on it put on the children for association in a mother´s condition .The objective of this article is to revise a psicossocial development´s stages theoretically of  Erik Erikson and from this point make a reflection in the impact of the separation mother-son for the prision in a process development of the children.On the basis of the carried through notes, we can consider that the maternal imprisonment is an important event in a children´s life, with one meaning social specific and that can result in difficulties to the conflict resolution in a  phases´s specifics of their lives the impact can not in accordance with be intensified or the development phase where child was in a maternal imprisonment.A instituição prisional possui um significado cultural específico que pode influenciar as relações individuais das crianças, filhos de mulheres presas, e seu processo desenvolvimental nos ambientes de sua convivência, seja na escola, na vizinhança e/ou na própria família, nos quais pode ser reproduzido o estigma social imposto a essas crianças, por associação à condição das mães.O objetivo deste artigo é revisar teoricamente as etapas de desenvolvimento psicossocial da obra de Erik Erikson e a partir daí refletir sobre o impacto da separação mãe-filho pela prisão no processo desenvolvimental das crianças.Com base nos apontamentos realizados, podemos considerar que o aprisionamento materno é um evento importante na vida dos filhos, com um significado social específico e que pode resultar em dificuldades para a resolução de conflitos de determinadas fases de sua vida; seu impacto pode ser intensificado ou não de acordo com a fase de desenvolvimento em que a criança se encontrava quando do aprisionamento materno

Growth hormone nadir during oral glucose load depends on waist circumference, gender and age: normative data in 231 healthy subjects.

Objective  (i) To analyse the predictors of GH suppression after standard glucose load (oGTT) in the healthy population and (ii) to establish the 97th percentile of GH nadir post-oGTT according to these variables. Design  Analytical, retrospective. Measurements  GH nadir after oGTT. Subjects  Two hundred and thirty-one healthy subjects (113 women, 118 men 15-80 years) were studied. Results  The GH nadir after glucose load ranged from 0·01 (<assay detection limit) to 0·65 μg/l was higher in women and was inversely correlated with age, BMI, waist circumference, waist/hip, total cholesterol, triglycerides, basal and maximal glucose and basal insulin levels and directly correlated with basal GH levels, IGF-I SDS and HDL-cholesterol (P values ranging 0·004-<0·0001). On multistep regression analysis, the best predictors of nadir GH levels were waist circumference (t = -9·64, P < 0·0001), gender (t = -3·86, P = 0·0001) and age (t = -3·63, P = 0·0003). The results of comparative analysis among subjects grouped according to these variable showed different results in GH nadir in premenopausal women with waist circumference ≤88 cm (97th percentile 0·65 μg/l), in premenopausal women with waist circumference ≤88 cm and in men of any age with waist circumference ≤102 cm (97th percentile 0·33 μg/l) and in subjects of either gender and any age with waist circumference >88 cm in women and 102 cm in men (97th percentile 0·16 μg/l). Conclusions  The results of this study show that GH nadir after oGTT should be analysed according to gender, menopausal status and waist circumference. The GH cut-off should be limited to the assay used

Trophic interactions among native and exotic herbivorous mammals in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan, Argentina)

Cada vez es más frecuente que las comunidades de herbívoros estén compuestas por especies nativas y exóticas. Las especies exóticas, con una historia reciente de coexistencia entre ellas y con las especies nativas, presentarían menos estrategias de reparto de recursos que las especies nativas, que co-evolucionaron juntas y establecieron relaciones entre sí y su ambiente. Con el fin de evaluar las relaciones tróficas en una comunidad de herbívoros que coexisten en el Parque Provincial Ischigualasto se analizaron las composiciones estacionales de las dietas, las amplitudes de los nichos tróficos y los solapamientos dietarios, y se realizaron asociaciones en base a la condición (nativo o exótico) y a los tamaños corporales (grandes o pequeños). En la región hiper-árida del Monte, donde se desarrolló el estudio, los arbustos tuvieron la cobertura más representativa a lo largo del año. Las dietas de los herbívoros nativos y exóticos estuvieron basadas en este grupo funcional deplantas. En particular, las especies nativas mantuvieron un uso intenso y sostenido de los arbustos durante las estaciones húmeda y seca. Las especies exóticas presentaron mayor similitud entre sus dietas y amplitudes de nicho trófico constantes a lo largo del año (y más amplias que las amplitudes de nicho de las especies nativas). Las dietas de las especies nativas presentaron menor similitud entre ellas y los nichos tróficos fueron más estrechos, especialmente en la estación seca. La superposición de dieta entre nativos y exóticos no varió entre las estaciones ni siquiera considerando especies de tamaños corporales similares. Es probable que no se hayan detectado superposiciones importantes en el uso de los recursos tróficos debido a las densidades bajas de especies exóticas presentes en la actualidad en el Parque Provincial Ischigualasto. De todas maneras, se recomienda un monitoreo permanente que permita evaluar potencial competencia entre especies nativas y exóticas.The communities of herbivores are more frequently composed of native and exotic species. Exotic species, with a recent history of co-occurrence among them and with native species, would exhibit less resource distribution strategies than native species, which co-evolved together establishing relationships between them and their environment. Aiming to assess trophic relationships in a community of herbivores that co-occur in Ischigualasto Provincial Park, we analyzed seasonal diet compositions, trophic niche breadth and diet overlap, and made associations based on condition (native or exotic) and body size (large or small). In the hyper-arid Monte region, where the study was conducted, shrub cover was the most representative cover throughout the year. The diets of native and exotic herbivores were based on this functional group of plants. Particularly native species made intensive and sustained use of shrubs during both the wet and dry seasons. Exotic species showed higher similarity in their diets and a constant trophic niche breadth all over the year (broader than that of native species). There was less similarity among the diets of native species, and their trophic niche was narrower, particularly in the dry season. Diet overlap between natives and exotics showed no variations between seasons, not even considering species of similar body size. Probably, no important overlaps are detected in food resource use because of the low densities of exotic species currently present in Ischigualasto Provincial Park. In any event, we recommend permanent monitoring that allows assessing potential competition between native and exotic species.Fil: Reus, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de Los Rios, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Peco, Begoña. Departamento de Ecologia; EspañaFil: Giannoni, Stella Maris. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Campos, Claudia Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentin

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Proyecto para la construcción de una plata de potabilización del acueducto urbano del municipio de La capilla, Boyacá

El presente trabajo está orientado a la formulación de un proyecto para la construcción de una planta de potabilización de agua del acueducto urbano del municipio de La Capilla, Boyacá, el cual estaría articulado a la gestión de recursos del fondo de compensación regional del Sistema General de Regalías en el municipio. Por el nivel de prioridad en cuanto a la afirmación de derechos económicos y sociales fundamentales, así como de su articulación con el desarrollo de políticas y programas que desde diferentes niveles territoriales buscan avanzar en esta perspectiva, este proyecto representaría un paso esencial en el mejoramiento de las condiciones y de la calidad de vida de la población integrada al casco urbano del municipio de La Capilla, Boyacá. Palabras clave: agua potable, saneamiento básico, acueducto, gestión, calidad de vida.The following paper it is oriented in the formulation of a project for the construction of a Water Treatment Plant of the urban aqueduct of La Capilla town in Boyacá, which it is related to the resources management of the regional compensation fund of the General System of Royalties in the municipality. Due to the priority as to the affirmation of the fundamental economic and social rights, as well the articulation with the development of policies and programs that from different territorial levels look to go forward to this perspective, this project would represent an essential step in the improvement of the conditions and quality of life of the population inserted in the urban centre of La Capilla municipality in Boyacá. Keywords: Potable water, basic sanitation, aqueduct, management, quality of life