171 research outputs found
Invertébrés marins du lagon Néo calédonien : 3. Etude structurale de trois nouveaux diterpÚnes isolés du pennatulaire Cavernulina grandiflora
Three new diterpenes, related to stylatulide but non-balogenated, have been isolated from a new species of sea-pen, Cavernulina grandiflora : cavernuline (1) O-deacetylpropionyl cavernuline (5) and cavernulinine (6). The structures are proposed on the basis of spectral evidence
Welfare effects of unbundling under different regulatory regimes in natural gas markets
In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that enriches the literature on the pros and cons of ownership unbundling vis-a`-vis lighter unbundling frameworks in the natural gas markets. For each regulatory framework, we compute equilibrium outcomes when an incumbent firm and a new entrant compete a` la Cournot in the final gas market. We find that the entrantâs contracting conditions in the upstream market and the transmission tariff are key determinants of the market structure in the downstream gas market (both with ownership and with legal unbundling). We also study how the regulator must optimally set transmission tariffs in each of the two unbundling regimes. We conclude that welfare maximizing tariffs often require free access to the transmission network (in both regulatoy regimes). However, when the regulator aims at promoting the break-even of the regulated transmission system operator, the first-best tariff is unfeasible in both regimes. Hence, we study a more realistic set-up, in which the regulatorâs action is constrained by the break-even of the regulated firm (the transmission system operator). In this set-up, we find that, for a given transmission tariff, final prices in the downstream market are always higher with ownership unbundling than with legal unbundling.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Between Will and Thought: Individualism and Social Responsiveness in Amazonian Child Rearing
This essay provides an ethnographic account of how moral dispositions towards independence and social responsiveness are forged during infancy and toddlerhood among the Runa, an indigenous people in the Ecuadorian Amazon. I will show how two local concepts, munay (will) and yuyay (thought) shape childrenâs early experiences of the self and the self in relation to others. In particular, I will argue that, unlike middle class Anglo-Americans who repute paternal responsiveness to be necessary for a âhealthyâ child development, Runa adults strategically chose not to respond to childrenâs will in order to make them âthoughtfulâ. Such state of thoughtfulness, I argue, emerges from socialization practices which stress a childâs unique will while at the same time forcefully encourage the development of social responsiveness
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