Statutory and Common Law Presumptions in Montana

Statutory And Common Law Presumptions In Montan

Montana Rules of Evidence: A General Survey

Montana Rules Of Evidence: A General Surve

Prairie Dog Control—A Regulatory Viewpoint

Prairie dogs and their control are complex issues. At this conference we\u27ve heard numerous speakers discuss a wide variety of topics concerning the organism\u27s effect on range and man\u27s attempts to deal with those effects. It appears one could make a case for or against the prairie dog depending on his own particular situation and experience. While the organism is a natural part of the prairie ecosystem, it may not be a desirable inhabitant of a livestock producers range when its population goes unchecked. This leads to conflict. The prairie dog becomes a biopolitical issue. On one hand it evolved with the prairie ecosystem, as have grasshoppers, but when it competes too directly for a resource man needs to support his portion of the food chain, it may become an unwelcome member of a particular grassland community. Regulation of its populations may be necessary. It is my assignment, in the next few minutes to discuss the philosophy and mechanism we in South Dakota use to accomplish this end

Statutory and Common Law Presumptions in Montana

Statutory And Common Law Presumptions In Montan

Predictors of Increases in Alcohol Problems and Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring in the San Diego Prospective Study.

BackgroundThe 35-year-long San Diego Prospective Study documented 2-fold increases in alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in young-adult drinking offspring compared to rates in their fathers, the original probands. The current analyses use the same interviews and questionnaires at about the same age in members of the 2 generations to explore multiple potential contributors to the generational differences in adverse alcohol outcomes.MethodsUsing data from recent offspring interviews, multiple cross-generation differences in characteristics potentially related to alcohol problems were evaluated in 3 steps: first through direct comparisons across probands and offspring at about age 30; second by backward linear regression analyses of predictors of alcohol problems within each generation; and finally third through R-based bootstrapped linear regressions of differences in alcohol problems in randomly matched probands and offspring.ResultsThe analyses across the analytical approaches revealed 3 consistent predictors of higher alcohol problems in the second generation. These included the following: (i) a more robust relationship to alcohol problems for offspring with a low level of response to alcohol; (ii) higher offspring values for alcohol expectancies; and (iii) higher offspring impulsivity.ConclusionsThe availability of data across generations offered a unique perspective for studying characteristics that may have contributed to a general finding in the literature of substantial increases in alcohol problems and AUDs in recent generations. If replicated, these results could suggest approaches to be used by parents, healthcare workers, insurance companies, and industry in their efforts to mitigate the increasing rates of alcohol problems in younger generations

Soil Microfungal Relationships Associated With Grassland Reestablishment

The mixed prairie association has a characteristic soil microfungal flora associated with the cover vegetation (Clarke and Christensen, 1980). Rhizosphere organisms are correlated with the cover vegetation (Christensen, 1969) and a change in the cover vegetation should be accompanied by a change in the organisms in the rhizosphere. Some disturbances that may lead to change in the cover vegetation are tillage, grazing, interseeding, mowing and fires. Christensen\u27s (1980) review of species diversity and dominance in fungal communities indicates that in general these disturbances tend to reduce soil microfungal diversity while increasing the frequency of the remaining species. Other studies have shown that the soil microfungi demonstrate a succession that corresponds to the seral stages of the above ground plants as they progress from a pioneer to a climax vegetational unit (England and Rice, 1957; Brown, 1958; Wohlrab, et. al. 1963; Mallik and Rice, 1966; Gochenhour and Whittingham, 1967; Wallace and Dickensen, 1978; and Widden and Parkinson, 1979). In agricultural crops the microfungi associated with the roots of a developing crop are influenced by plant age, soil type, position in relation to the root (rhizoplane versus rhizosphere) and response to soil fungistasis - low sensitivity being correlated with pioneer colonization of the root and high sensitivity to secondary or non-colonization of the rhizoplane (Peterson, 1958; Das, 1963; Dix, 1967; Young and Kucharek, 1977; and Odunfa and Oso, 1979). Christensen (1980) analyzed key studies and concurs that these factors affect the diversity of species found in a developing community. In general as succession proceeds the community becomes more diverse and stable. There is disagreement, however, as to the linearity of these relationships. Louck\u27s (1970) studies of general ecological theory indicate a wave pattern in relation to species diversity as succession carries the community toward a climax. Bazzaz (1975) also concluded that succession-diversity relationships are not linear and offered some explanations for the nonlinearity observed. He felt diversity is increased by vertical and horizontal microenvironmental heterogeneity, niche preemptation [sic] and sharing of community resources by species of intermediate importance values. Diversity is decreased through the production of allelopathic and other interference substances. The current study was undertaken to investigate the microfungal successional changes that occur in old wheat field soils reseeded to grass

Evaluation of bast fibre retting systems on hemp

In this paper the effect of eight different retting methods on decorticated hemp skins were analyzed. The methods were taken from six publications that looked at the retting of different bast fibres such as ramie, flax and kenaf. The fibres were batch retted in a package dye-vat at 100oC under 2 bar of pressure. The rinsed fibres were opened twice using a Shirley cotton trash separator. The opened fibre was assessed for fibre width, fibre width variation, colour and handle. It was found that the fibre that had undergone chemical retting with 7% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.5% Sodium Sulphite (Na2SO3) had the best diameter (18.39 micron) and the best coefficient of variation of diameter (57.32%). The fibre that was processed with 7% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.5% Sodium Sulphite (Na2SO3) had the whitest colour (YI D1925 = 31.61). The method treated with 1% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and 1% Sodium Sulphite (Na2SO3) had the softest handle and the method treated with 1% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and pre-rinsed with 0.3% Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) showed the best conversion of decorticated skins into spin able fibre (33.9% of dry green skins). It was decided that method treated with 1% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and pre-rinsed with 0.3% Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) had the best fineness of fibre micron, conversion to spin able fibre (33.9% of dry green skins), whitest colour (YI D1925 = 36.13) and softest handle for the cost of chemicals involved.<br /

The evaluation of the field vane shear strength analysis of the Glen Aiken creek embankment failure

A post-failure investigation of a highway embankment constructed over organic and sensitive subsoils was made with a series of field vane tests. The results indicated that the embankment was quite stable, and, therefore, the reliabilities of both the Φ = 0 slip-circle analysis and the field vane results seemed to be highly questionable. Undisturbed samples taken from an area unaffected by the embankment failure were used to determine the undrained shear strength of these subsoils. The results of both the laboratory vane and unconfined compression tests were appreciably below the results of the field vane tests, but they were not low enough to completely explain the instability of the embankment. It was concluded that a progressive failure of the highly sensitive organic silty clay was partly responsible for the inaccuracy of the Φ = 0 slip-circle stability analysis. However, the major error resulted from the inaccuracies of the field vane results. The effect of the rate of rotation of the laboratory vane upon the undrained shear strength was found to be insignificant. Since the vane basically determines the shear strength developed on the vertical plane, the difference between the shear strength developed on the horizontal plane and vertical plane was studied. Finally, the method of evaluating rod-friction was investigated. It was found that the use of the "dummy" rod for the evaluation of the frictional resistance developed on the field vane's torque rod was inaccurate. This fact was demonstrated by the comparison of original field vane test results with results obtained from a modified slip-joint field vane, capable of directly measuring the rod-friction. It was concluded that a modified slip-joint field vane accurately measured the in situ undrained shear strength. The fact that silty clays found at the highway embankment site were sensitive was not indicated by either the original field vane or the modified slip-joint field vane. The actual sensitivity of these subsoils was determined by both the laboratory vane and the liquidity index of the soils. It was concluded that the in situ sensitivity could not be obtained by the modified slip-joint field vane. The one point that the entire investigation indicated was that before the field vane test results can be intelligently used, additional information about the subsoils is required

HotQCD on Multi-GPU Systems

We present $\texttt{SIMULATeQCD}$, HotQCD's software for performing lattice QCD calculations on GPUs. Started in late 2017 and intended as a full replacement of the previous single GPU lattice QCD code used by the HotQCD collaboration, our software has been developed into an extensive framework for lattice QCD calculations distributed on multiple GPUs over many compute nodes. The code is built on C++, CUDA, and MPI and leverages modern C++ language features to provide high-level data structures, objects, and algorithms that allow users to express lattice QCD calculations in an intuitive way without sacrificing performance. Implemented algorithms range from gradient flow, correlator measurements, and mixed precision conjugate gradient solvers all the way to full HISQ gauge field configuration generation using RHMC. After successful deployment in large-scale computing projects, we want to share the result of our efforts with the lattice QCD community by making it publicly available. In these proceedings, we will present some of the key features of our code, demonstrate its ease of use, and show benchmarks of performance critical kernels on state-of-the-art supercomputers.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, presented at the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theor