Defining the Spatial and Average Intensity of the Louisville Urban Heat Island

The urban heat island (UHI) effect, a phenomenon where the urban area will be warmer than the rural surroundings, may adversely impact human health and energy consumption via heat waves and rolling blackouts. A quantitative assessment of the UHI in Louisville, Kentucky was conducted through climatological analysis of five observation stations over a 5-year period from 2009 –2013. Results indicate the presence of a large UHI extending beyond 40 km, with an average intensity of 4.84°C between the most rural station and the urban control. By analyzing the temperature differences between all stations based on time and meteorological conditions, it was found that the UHI is especially amplified during the nighttime hours of 2300-0700 LST and in the presence of weak winds (\u3c 3.0 ms-1), little to no cloud cover, and no precipitation. This study indicated the necessity of more observing stations in this region, given the poor spatial resolution of the existing network

P1: Using Modified Dean Flow designs to Increase Mixing Performance

We are using numerical solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations and the concentration - diffusion equation to model fluid flow and reactant distribution in serpentine type channels for micromixers/microreactors development. These mixers exploit centripetal forces on the fluid to induce cross-sectional fluid mixing, aka Dean flows. Various modifications are used to increase the mixing character of these crosssectional flows. We found that the performance of these mixers exceeds that of unmodified channels and we currently assess their performance relative to other state of the art methodologies used to induce mixing on the microscale.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2017/1041/thumbnail.jp

Ritual and Religious Tradition: A Comparative Essay on the use of Ritual in Christian, Jewish and Hindu Practice

This essay examines the link between existential despair and the use of religious ritual in several religions. Clark argues that ritual proves its significance when community members are suffering. Ritual does not offer much to those who are content within their current social frame, but it can rejuvenate those who use ritual to reconnect with divinity as they struggle through life despite their great despair. Clark first notes this process in black womanist theology. He uses the example of theologian Katie Cannon to show that the ritual of storytelling has not only provided black women with generations of stories of their survival and successes, but has also painted a picture of the oppressor against whom they must fight. The stories of Jewish women during the Holocaust such as those that Melissa Raphael collected, Clark claims, also offered hope despite their suffering. The ritual they turned to most frequently was washing each other and revealing the imminent, female face of God, Shekinah, to each other and to themselves. Clark also sees ritual play this hope-inspiring role in the biblical stories. He particularly turns towards the ritual of Passover as a way for the Jewish people to recommit themselves to their God despite the difficulties of knowing that God intimately. Finally, Clark concludes his argument that ritual, no matter its religious context, is a hope-inspiring tradition by using the example of Hinduism. The rituals of Hinduism, he explains, are performed when Hindus are dissatisfied with their current life situation, and the expectation that the performance of a ritual could lead to a tangible change in their life. Clark argues that no matter the specific expected outcome of a tradition, rituals are used by religions as a way of battling despair

DISTRIBUTION OF EASTERN HEMLOCK, TSUGA CANADENSIS, IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INVASION BY THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID, ADELGES TSUGAE

The hemlock woolly adelgid, an invasive non-native insect, is threatening eastern hemlock in Kentucky. This study examined three techniques to map the distribution of eastern hemlock using decision trees, remote sensing, and species distribution modeling. Accuracy assessments showed that eastern hemlock was best modeled using a decision tree without incorporating satellite radiance. Using the distribution from the optimal model, risk maps for susceptibility to hemlock woolly adelgid infestation were created using two species distribution models. Environmental variables related to dispersal were used to build the models and their contributions to the models assessed. The models showed similar spatial distributions of eastern hemlock at high risk of infestation

Letting Gandhi In

Clark and Teitelbaum contemplate the seemingly unending cycle of violence in human history and look to nonviolent resisters as an example of how to break this pattern. They build this hope for a future unburdened of war on Gandhi\u27s belief that all people are essentially loving. That love, he argued, must just be freed of the superficial societal pressures that debilitate it. Clark and Teitelbaum look not only toward Gandhi\u27s successful use of non-violent resistance, but also to other examples such as the Mothers of the Plazo de Mayo who protested the disappearance of people during Argentina\u27s Dirty War. These successful implementations of nonviolent resistance, Clark and Teitelbaum claim, prove that nonviolent resistance cannot be thrown away as an impossible standard. Instead, they argue for nonviolent resistance as an inspirational possibility that can put an end to the cycle of violence and establish a more hopeful future

A Harary-Sachs Theorem for Hypergraphs

We generalize the Harary-Sachs theorem to $k$-uniform hypergraphs: the codegree-$d$ coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of a uniform hypergraph ${\cal H}$ can be expressed as a weighted sum of subgraph counts over certain multi-hypergraphs with $d$ edges. This includes a detailed description of said multi-hypergraphs and a formula for their corresponding weights, which we use to describe the low codegree coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a 3-uniform hypergraph. We further provide explicit and asymptotic formulas for the contribution from $k$-uniform simplices and conclude by showing that the Harary-Sachs theorem for graphs is indeed a special case of our main theorem.Comment: 30 page

The CLAVATA and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS loci competitively regulate meristem activity in Arabidopsis

The CLAVATA (CLV1 and CLV3) and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) genes specifically regulate shoot meristem development in Arabidopsis. CLV and STH appear to have opposite functions: c1v1 and Clv3 mutants accumulate excess undifferentiated cells in the shoot and floral meristem, while stm mutants fail to form the undifferentiated cells of the shoot meristem during embryonic development. We have identified a weak allele of stm (stm-2) that reveals STM is not only required for the establish- ment of the shoot meristem, but is also required for the continued maintenance of undifferentiated cells in the shoot meristem and for proper proliferation of cells in the floral meristem. We have found evidence of genetic interactions between the CLV and STM loci. clv1 and c1v3 mutations partially suppressed the stm-1 and stm-2 phenotypes, and were capable of suppression in a dominant fashion. clv stm double mutants and plants homozygous for stm but heterozygous for clv, while still lacking an embryonic shoot meristem, exhibited greatly enhanced postembryonic shoot and floral meristem development. Although stm phenotypes are recessive, stm mutations dominantly suppressed clv homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. These results indicate that the stm phenotype is sensitive to the levels of CLV activity, while the clv phenotype is sensitive to the level of STM activity. We propose that these genes play related but opposing roles in the regulation of cell division and/or cell differentiation in shoot and floral meristems

Analyzing the Shark Paleoecology of Coastal Georgia From the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs

The field of shark paleoecology often yields indecisive conclusions based on the limited fossilization of their anatomical structures, with the exception of their teeth. The majority of the Atlantic coast has been studied regarding the presence of certain prehistoric shark species from the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene epochs. However, information pertaining to the Georgia coast and understanding its potential community structure is relatively understudied. This study was conducted in which thousands of fossil shark specimens and subsequent marine fauna were collected from dredge spoils created by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): Savannah District. A total of 5,127 fossil shark teeth were collected, of which 4,981 were identified. Twenty-three potential species are believed to be included in this assemblage. Previous research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2001 shed light on the fossil formations beneath Brunswick, including their specific depths below sea level. Further communication with the USACE detailed their annual dredging depths of 36, 38, and 41 feet below the Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW). By combining this information with the known life histories of each of the 23 species of prehistoric sharks, it was determined that all species potentially coexisted from a time period spanning the late Miocene to early Pliocene (8.0-3.0 Ma) and were preserved in the Ebenezer Member 5 formation. Continued research regarding the ecological roles of all identified shark species will elucidate the community structure of coastal Georgia during the late Miocene and early Pliocene

Darcy-Reynolds forces during intrusion into granular-fluid beds

We experimentally study intrusion into fluid-saturated granular beds by a free-falling sphere, varying particle size and fluid viscosity. We test our results against Darcy-Reynolds theory, where the deceleration of the sphere is controlled by Reynolds dilatancy and the Darcy flow resistance. We find the observed intruder dynamics are consistent with Darcy-Reynolds theory for varied particle size. We also find that our experimental results for varied viscosity are consistent with Darcy Reynolds theory, but only for a limited range of the viscosity. For large viscosities, observed forces begin to decrease with increasing viscosity, in contrast with the theoretical prediction.Office of Naval ResearchOffice of Naval Research Global Visiting Scientist Program VSP 19-7-001N0001419WX0151