Effective Approaches With Young Adults: A Guide for Probation Services

The aim of this guide is to give probation practitioners, whether in the National Probation Service or Community Rehabilitation Companies, the tools to deliver a more effective approach to young adults. It provides practical suggestions for effective ways to engage young adults and support their desistance from crime. It also includes suggestions for managers on what they can do to enable practitioners to improve outcomes within probation services

A second-order PHD filter with mean and variance in target number

The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) and Cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filters are popular solutions to the multi-target tracking problem due to their low complexity and ability to estimate the number and states of targets in cluttered environments. The PHD filter propagates the first-order moment (i.e. mean) of the number of targets while the CPHD propagates the cardinality distribution in the number of targets, albeit for a greater computational cost. Introducing the Panjer point process, this paper proposes a second-order PHD filter, propagating the second-order moment (i.e. variance) of the number of targets alongside its mean. The resulting algorithm is more versatile in the modelling choices than the PHD filter, and its computational cost is significantly lower compared to the CPHD filter. The paper compares the three filters in statistical simulations which demonstrate that the proposed filter reacts more quickly to changes in the number of targets, i.e., target births and target deaths, than the CPHD filter. In addition, a new statistic for multi-object filters is introduced in order to study the correlation between the estimated number of targets in different regions of the state space, and propose a quantitative analysis of the spooky effect for the three filters

Practices of shared living: Exploring environmental sustainability in UK cohousing, community living, and coliving

The environmental impacts of the UK's domestic sector must be lowered if they are to meet UK government greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) reduction targets. However, government initiatives to lower domestic GHGs have had little success, and progress has been too slow. Given this lack of top-down impetus, it is worth investigating alternative housing solutions. Previous research has shown that shared living - in which residents share spaces, resources, and social time - tends to have lower environmental impacts than the average household. However, this issue has not yet been explored within the UK. There is also research which shows that social networks can be effective in encouraging practice transitions and maintenance. This has not yet been thoroughly investigated within the context of shared living and environmental sustainability. This research aimed to explore the practices and infrastructures which enable pro-environmental outcomes within shared living. This aim was achieved through in-depth research in six shared living case studies. The research mainly adopted an ethnographic approach, complemented by quantitative measurement of GHGs. This research shows that the shared living case studies have significantly lower GHGs than the average UK household. This builds upon previous quantitative environmental evaluations of shared living. In studying practices, infrastructures and social networks within shared living, this research identifies four types of sharing that are significant to pro-environmental outcomes: shared ideals, shared governance, shared materials and spaces, and shared endeavour. For each type of sharing, the findings describe and analyse how processes of negotiation enable and constrain pro-environmental practices and outcomes. By exploring these processes, this research generates new knowledge on how and why shared living can produce lower-than-average domestic environmental impacts. Thus, the research demonstrates the potential and the mechanisms by which shared living may offer environmentally sustainable housing solutions for the UK

Alien Registration- Clark, Isabel M. (Baldwin, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32936/thumbnail.jp

Ultrastructural And Associated Biochemical Changes Related To The Endogenous Rhythm And Flowering Response In Chenopodium Rubrum

Experimental work is carried out using seedlings of the early flowering Chenopodium rubrum system. Flowering can be controlled photoperiodically. Growth and development in terms of plastochron stage, ontogenetic state, at the apex within the differing experimental treatments are examined as are the effects of the light and dark treatments. The plastochron age differs among seedlings of the same chronological age under differing treatments. Effect of the dark is to produce a delay in normal growth and development; this is concommitant with flower induction; the ontogenetic stage of induced apices in the light following the dark is dependent only on the length of the light following the dark and independent of the length of the dark; the apices of both induced and non-induced series show initially a growth spurt and much increased plastochron rate. The same processes and same hormones are required for both apices. The cells within both the induced and non-induced apices show cell enlargement followed by cell division. This involves a grow and divide message and with same content--for both apices. The implications for flowering theory are discussed and the concepts of induction and evocation. It is deduced that flowering is conceptually an apical event.;Changes in biochemical activity are consistent with changes in ultrastructure and this was examined in apical cells, primordial leaf and cotyledons. Biochemical status correlates with the phase of the endogenous rhythm of which flowering acts as a marker. The thesis shows that at opposite phases of the rhythm the biochemical status does differ. At those phases of the rhythm when flowering can be induced the apices are biochemically poised. The sensitivity of the seedlings to floral induction changes with changing phase of the rhythm and parallels the endogenous rhythm in ultrastructural and biochemical status. The implications for flowering theory and the concepts of induction and evocation are again discussed

The Protection of Traditional Knowledge in Peru: A Comparative Perspective

This Article analyzes the policy and legal context for the protection of traditional knowledge, focusing on Peruvian Law 27811, Regime for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Collective Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity (enacted on July 24, 2002) [Law 27811], as a case study

Joint Registration and Fusion of an Infra-Red Camera and Scanning Radar in a Maritime Context

The number of nodes in sensor networks is continually increasing, and maintaining accurate track estimates inside their common surveillance region is a critical necessity. Modern sensor platforms are likely to carry a range of different sensor modalities, all providing data at differing rates, and with varying degrees of uncertainty. These factors complicate the fusion problem as multiple observation models are required, along with a dynamic prediction model. However, the problem is exacerbated when sensors are not registered correctly with respect to each other, i.e. if they are subject to a static or dynamic bias. In this case, measurements from different sensors may correspond to the same target, but do not correlate with each other when in the same Frame of Reference (FoR), which decreases track accuracy. This paper presents a method to jointly estimate the state of multiple targets in a surveillance region, and to correctly register a radar and an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system onto the same FoR to perform sensor fusion. Previous work using this type of parent-offspring process has been successful when calibrating a pair of cameras, but has never been attempted on a heterogeneous sensor network, nor in a maritime environment. This article presents results on both simulated scenarios and a segment of real data that show a significant increase in track quality in comparison to using incorrectly calibrated sensors or single-radar only

Genetic Diversity of norA, Coding for a Main Efflux Pump of Staphylococcus aureus

Funding Information: This work was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), through funds to GHTM – UID/Multi/04413/2013. SC was supported by grant SFRH/BPD/97508/2013 from FCT, Portugal. TC was funded by the Medical Research Council United Kingdom (Grant Nos. MR/K000551/1, MR/M01360X/1, MR/N010469/1, and MR/R020973/1) and BBSRC United Kingdom (BB/R013063/1). BS was funded by the Medical Research Council United Kingdom (Grant No. MR/N010469/1). Publisher Copyright: © 2007 - 2019 Frontiers Media S.A. All Rights Reserved.NorA is the best studied efflux system of Staphylococcus aureus and therefore frequently used as a model for investigating efflux-mediated resistance in this pathogen. NorA activity is associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, several antiseptics and disinfectants and several reports have pointed out the role of efflux systems, including NorA, as a first-line response to antimicrobials in S. aureus. Genetic diversity studies of the gene norA have described three alleles; norAI, norAII and norAIII. However, the epidemiology of these alleles and their impact on NorA activity remains unclear. Additionally, increasing studies do not account for norA variability when establishing relations between resistance phenotypes and norA presence or reported absence, which actually corresponds, as we now demonstrate, to different norA alleles. In the present study we assessed the variability of the norA gene present in the genome of over 1,000 S. aureus isolates, corresponding to 112 S. aureus strains with whole genome sequences publicly available; 917 MRSA strains sourced from a London-based study and nine MRSA isolates collected in a major Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. Our analyses show that norA is part of the core genome of S. aureus. It also suggests that occurrence of norA variants reflects the population structure of this major pathogen. Overall, this work highlights the ubiquitous nature of norA in S. aureus which must be taken into account when studying the role played by this important determinant on S. aureus resistance to antimicrobials.publishersversionpublishe