33 research outputs found

    Evidence for a novel feedback loop in the Hedgehog pathway involving the seven transmembranedomain protein Smoothened and the kinase Fused.

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    International audienceHedgehog (HH) is a major secreted morphogen involved in development, stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis[1, 2].In Drosophila wing imaginal discs, HH produced in the posterior compartment diffuses into the anterior compartment to control target gene transcription via the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (CI). The first steps in reception and transduction of the HH signal are mediated by its receptor Patched (PTC)[3] and the seven-transmembranedomain protein Smoothened (SMO) [4, 5]. PTC and HH control SMOby regulating its stability, trafficking and phosphorylation (for review see [6]). SMO interacts directly with the Ser-Thr protein kinase Fused (FU) and the kinesin-related protein Costal2 (COS2), which interact with each other and with CI in an intracellular “Hedgehog transducing complex”[7-9].We show here that HH induces FUtargeting to the plasma membrane in a SMO-dependent fashion and that,reciprocally,FUcontrols SMO stability and phosphorylation. FUanchorage to the membrane is sufficient to make it a potent SMO-dependent, PTC-resistant, activator of the pathway. These findings reveal a novel positive-feedback loop in HH transduction and are consistent with a model in which FU and SMO, by mutually enhancing each other's activities, sustain high levels of signalingand render the pathway robust to PTClevel fluctuations

    Angiocrine polyamine production regulates adiposity.

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    Reciprocal interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and adipocytes are fundamental to maintain white adipose tissue (WAT) homeostasis, as illustrated by the activation of angiogenesis upon WAT expansion, a process that is impaired in obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between ECs and adipocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we show that local production of polyamines in ECs stimulates adipocyte lipolysis and regulates WAT homeostasis in mice. We promote enhanced cell-autonomous angiogenesis by deleting Pten in the murine endothelium. Endothelial Pten loss leads to a WAT-selective phenotype, characterized by reduced body weight and adiposity in pathophysiological conditions. This phenotype stems from enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation in ECs concomitant with a paracrine lipolytic action on adipocytes, accounting for reduced adiposity. Combined analysis of murine models, isolated ECs and human specimens reveals that WAT lipolysis is mediated by mTORC1-dependent production of polyamines by ECs. Our results indicate that angiocrine metabolic signals are important for WAT homeostasis and organismal metabolism.We thank members of the Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group for helpful discussions. We thank the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya and the Josep Carreras Foundation for institutional support. The research leading to these results has received funding from la Fundación BBVA (Ayuda Fundacion BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2019, PR19BIOMET0061) and from SAF2017-82072-ERC from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) (Spain). The laboratory of M.G. is also supported by the research grants SAF2017-89116R-P (FEDER/EU) co-funded by European Regional Developmental Fund (ERDF), a Way to Build Europe and PID2020-116184RB-I00 from MCEI; by the Catalan Government through the project 2017-SGR; PTEN Research Foundation (BRR-17-001); La Caixa Foundation (HR19-00120 and HR21-00046); by la Asociación Española contra el Cancer-Grupos Traslacionales (GCTRA18006CARR, also to A.C.); European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes/Lilly research grant, also to M.C.); and by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions; grant agreement 317250) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement 675392) of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research. The laboratory of A.C. is supported by the Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Elkartek) and the department of education (IKERTALDE IT1106-16), the MCIU (PID2019-108787RB-I00 (FEDER/ EU); Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation SEV-2016-0644; Excellence Networks SAF2016-81975-REDT), La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434), under the agreement LCF/PR/HR17, the Vencer el Cancer foundation and the European Research Council (ERC) (consolidator grant 819242). CIBERONC was co-funded with FEDER funds and funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). The laboratory of M.C. is supported by the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 725004) and CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya (M.C.). The laboratory of D.S. is supported by research grants from MINECO (SAF2017- 83813-C3-1-R, also to L.H., cofounded by the ERDF), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/0001), Government of Catalonia (2017SGR278) and Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201627- 30). The laboratory of R.N. is supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (RTI2018-099413-B-I00 and and RED2018-102379-T), Xunta de Galicia (2016-PG057 and 2020-PG015), ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 810331), Fundación BBVA, Fundacion Atresmedia and CIBEROBN, which is an initiative of the ISCIII of Spain, which is supported by FEDER funds. The laboratory of J.A.V. is supported by research grants from MICINN (RTI2018-099250-B100) and by La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434, LCF/PR/HR17/52150009). P.M.G.-R. is supported by ISCIII grant PI15/00701 cofinanced by the ERDF, A Way to Build Europe. Personal support was from Marie Curie ITN Actions (E.M.), Juan de la Cierva (IJCI-2015-23455, P.V.), CONICYT fellowship from Chile (S.Z.), Vetenskapsradet (Swedish Research Council, 2018-06591, L.G.) and NCI K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award (K99CA245122, P. Castel).S

    T4 apoptosis in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts long COVID

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    BackgroundAs about 10% of patients with COVID-19 present sequelae, it is important to better understand the physiopathology of so-called long COVID.MethodTo this aim, we recruited 29 patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection and, by Luminex®, quantified 19 soluble factors in their plasma and in the supernatant of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, and endothelium activation markers. We also measured their T4, T8 and NK differentiation, activation, exhaustion and senescence, T cell apoptosis, and monocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. We compared these markers between participants who developed long COVID or not one year later.ResultsNone of these markers was predictive for sequelae, except programmed T4 cell death. T4 lymphocytes from participants who later presented long COVID were more apoptotic in culture than those of sequelae-free participants at Month 12 (36.9 ± 14.7 vs. 24.2 ± 9.0%, p = 0.016).ConclusionsOur observation raises the hypothesis that T4 cell death during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection might pave the way for long COVID. Mechanistically, T4 lymphopenia might favor phenomena that could cause sequelae, including SARS-CoV-2 persistence, reactivation of other viruses, autoimmunity and immune dysregulation. In this scenario, inhibiting T cell apoptosis, for instance, by caspase inhibitors, could prevent long COVID

    Mobilidade, acidentes de trânsito e fatores associados entre estudantes universitários da Guatemala

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    El objetivo fue identificar y cuantificar la asociación entre la intensidad de exposición (km/año recorridos), la accidentalidad y sus factores asociados en universitarios de Guatemala. Se realizó un estudio trasversal durante el curso 2010-2011, sobre una muestra de 1.016 conductores, quienes cumplimentaron un cuestionario autoadministrado que valoraba: patrones de movilidad, uso de dispositivos de seguridad, estilos de conducción y accidentalidad. Se obtuvieron asociaciones positivas entre la intensidad de exposición y la mayor implicación en circunstancias de riesgo al volante (coeficiente de regresión ajustado de 3,25, IC95%: 2,23-4,27, para las mayores exposiciones). Tanto una mayor implicación en tales circunstancias, como una mayor edad, fueron las variables más fuertemente asociadas con la mayor accidentalidad. Pese a que la intensidad de exposición se asocia positivamente con una mayor accidentalidad, se constató que la mayor parte de dicha asociación está mediada por una mayor implicación en circunstancias de riesgo al volante.The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the association between the amount of driving (km/year), traffic accidents, and other factors among university students in Guatemala. A cross-sectional study was performed during the 2010-2011 school year in a sample of 1,016 drivers who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed mobility patterns, use of safety accessories, driving style, and automobile crashes. The results showed a positive association between amount of driving and greater involvement in risky driving (adjusted regression coefficient 3.25, 95%CI: 2.23-4.27, for the highest level of exposure). More frequent involvement in risky driving and older age showed the strongest associations with traffic accidents. Although the amount of driving was positively associated with a higher accident rate, most of this association was found to be mediated by involvement in risky driving practices.O objetivo foi identificar e quantificar a associação entre a intensidade de exposição (km/anos percorridos), a acidentalidade e os seus fatores em universitários da Guatemala. Realizou-se um estudo transversal durante o curso 2010-2011 sobre uma amostra de 1.016 condutores de veículos, que responderam a um questionário autoadministrado que valorizava: padrões de mobilidade, uso de dispositivos de segurança, maneira de condução e acidentalidade. Obtiveram-se associações positivas entre intensidade de exposição e maior implicância em circunstâncias de risco ao conduzir (coeficiente de regressão ajustado a 3,25; IC95%: 2,23-4,27, para as maiores exposições). Tanto a maior implicância em ditas circunstâncias como uma maioridade foram as variáveis mais fortemente associadas com a maior acidentalidade. Apesar de a intensidade de exposição ser associada positivamente com uma maior acidentalidade, estabelecemos que a maior parte da dita associação está mediada pela maior implicância em circunstâncias de risco ao conduzir

    Contribution à l'étude de la voie de signalisation Rho3/Rho4 au travers de l'analyse de partenaires physiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae (recherche du facteur d'échange (GEF) et analyse de Tos2p, partenaire de la GAP Rgd1p)

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    Les GTPases Rho3p et Rho4p sont impliquées dans la croissance polarisée chez la levure S. cerevisiae. L'étude de la GAP Rgd1p, le régulateur négatif des protéines Rho3 et Rho4, a permis l'identification de la protéine membranaire Tos2p. Lors de l'acidification du milieu, Tos2p et Rgd1p, en collaboration avec le senseur Mid2p, activent une voie indispensable à l'adaptation et à la survie cellulaire, la voie PKC. De plus, l'identification des protéines Rom1p et Rom2p (deux protéines agissant en amont de la voie PKC) comme facteurs d'échanges potentiels de respectivement Rho3p et Rho4p montre l'existence d'une coordination entre la voie PKC et la voie régulée par Rho3p et Rho4p. Enfin, nous avons montré que Tos2p, par son interactrion avec le domaine GAP, semble capable de réguler la fonction de Rgd1p en aval de Rho3p et Rho4. La surproduction de Tos2 entraîne une augmentation du volume cellulaire qui est probablement en relation avec un défaut de ciblage des vésicules de sécrétion.The Rho GTPases Rho3p and Rho4p are involved in polarized growth in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Analysis of the GAP Rgd1p, a negative regulator of the proteins Rho3 and Rho4, led to the identification of the membrane protein Tos2. Upon acidification of the medium, Tos2p and Rgd1p in collaboration with the sensor mid2p activate the essential PKC cell survival pathway. Moreover, identification of Rom1p and Rom2p (two proteins acting upstream of the PKC pathway) as potential exchange factors for Rho3p and Rho4p respectively, shows that the PKC pathway and the Rho3p/Rho4p regulated pathway are coordinated. Finally, we showed that Tos2p, through its interaction with the GAP domain, seems able to regulate the function of Rgd1p upstream of Rho3p and Rho4p. Tos2p overexpression induced an increase in cell size that is probably related to a defect in the targeting of secretion vesicles.BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Dynein-mediated transport and membrane trafficking control PAR3 polarised distribution

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    International audienceThe scaffold protein PAR3 and the kinase PAR1 are essential proteins that control cell polarity. Their precise opposite localisations define plasma membrane domains with specific functions. PAR3 and PAR1 are mutually inhibited by direct or indirect phosphorylations, but their fates once phosphorylated are poorly known. Through precise spatiotemporal quantification of PAR3 localisation in the Drosophila oocyte, we identify several mechanisms responsible for its anterior cortex accumulation and its posterior exclusion. We show that PAR3 posterior plasma membrane exclusion depends on PAR1 and an endocytic mechanism relying on RAB5 and PI(4,5)P2. In a second phase, microtubules and the dynein motor, in connection with vesicular trafficking involving RAB11 and IKK-related kinase, IKKε, are required for PAR3 transport towards the anterior cortex. Altogether, our results point to a connection between membrane trafficking and dynein-mediated transport to sustain PAR3 asymmetry

    L'évaluation: un élément clef du dispositif d'accompagnement des projets incubés

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    Aujourd'hui en France, on compte trente incubateurs publics qui coordonnent leurs actions au sein de France Incubation. Notre étude est réalisée auprès de l'incubateur public Incuballiance issu de la fusion en janvier 2005, de l'IFSI (Ile de France Sud Incubation) et de l'IDFI (Ile De France Incubation). Cette recherche s'intéresse à la problématique de l'apprentissage managérial des porteurs de projet de création d'entreprise innovante au sein d'une structure d'accompagnement : un incubateur public. Elle vise principalement la mise en évidence des logiques d'accompagnement pour favoriser cet apprentissage, au sein de la structure d'incubation. Le coeur de notre questionnement est donc : comment le porteur de projet apprend t-il, et en quelles occasions ? Pour répondre à cette question nous développerons dans une première partie les enjeux théoriques de la recherche, en définissant les concepts centraux que nous mobilisons : les liens opérés dans la littérature entre le processus d'apprentissage et l'innovation (dans ses acceptions technique et managériale), la relation d'accompagnement dans la démarche entrepreneuriale, puis l'importance de l'évaluation dans les dispositifs d'apprentissage. Dans une deuxième partie nous présentons notre terrain d'étude Incuballiance, en explicitant les dispositifs multiples de l'accompagnement, puis en mettant l'accent sur le caractère systémique des relations qu'un porteur de projet peut nouer à partir de l'incubateur. Enfin, dans une troisième partie nous montrons comme l'évaluation est l'élément clé du dispositif d'accompagnement. En effet, elle apparaît comme un outil de pilotage des projets par la structure formelle d'incubation et elle oriente en grande partie la nature des apprentissages produits par les porteurs de projet

    Quand l'évaluation constitue un objet d'apprentissage significatif pour l'entreprise innovante en création

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    Aujourd'hui en France, on compte trente incubateurs publics qui coordonnent leurs actions au sein de France Incubation. Notre étude est réalisée auprès de l'incubateur public Incuballiance issu de la fusion en janvier 2005 de l'IFSI (Ile de France Sud Incubation) et de l'IDFI (Ile de France Incubation). Nous nous intéressons ici à la manière avec laquelle un porteur de projet (l'entrepreneur) développe dans une démarche accompagnée (l'incubation) les connaissances managériales qui lui sont nécessaires pour mener à bien son projet de création d'une entreprise innovante

    L'évaluation : un élément clef du dispositif d'accompagnement des projets incubés ?

    No full text
    Aujourd'hui en France, on compte trente incubateurs publics qui coordonnent leurs actions au sein de France Incubation. Notre étude est réalisée auprès de l'incubateur public Incuballiance issu de la fusion en janvier 2005, de l'IFSI (Ile de France Sud Incubation) et de l'IDFI (Ile De France Incubation). Cette recherche s'intéresse à la problématique de l'apprentissage managérial des porteurs de projet de création d'entreprise innovante au sein d'une structure d'accompagnement : un incubateur public. Elle vise principalement la mise en évidence des logiques d'accompagnement pour favoriser cet apprentissage, au sein de la structure d'incubation. Le coeur de notre questionnement est donc : comment le porteur de projet apprend t-il, et en quelles occasions ? Pour répondre à cette question nous développerons dans une première partie les enjeux théoriques de la recherche, en définissant les concepts centraux que nous mobilisons : les liens opérés dans la littérature entre le processus d'apprentissage et l'innovation (dans ses acceptions technique et managériale), la relation d'accompagnement dans la démarche entrepreneuriale, puis l'importance de l'évaluation dans les dispositifs d'apprentissage. Dans une deuxième partie nous présentons notre terrain d'étude Incuballiance, en explicitant les dispositifs multiples de l'accompagnement, puis en mettant l'accent sur le caractère systémique des relations qu'un porteur de projet peut nouer à partir de l'incubateur. Enfin, dans une troisième partie nous montrons comme l'évaluation est l'élément clé du dispositif d'accompagnement. En effet, elle apparaît comme un outil de pilotage des projets par la structure formelle d'incubation et elle oriente en grande partie la nature des apprentissages produits par les porteurs de projet
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