Netflix fictional feature film originals: an analysis of release strategies

This article offers an analysis of the strategies behind the release of original Netflix fictional feature films. Even if there is an already extensive literature about the streaming giant, little academic attention has been devoted to the release strategies of feature film originals and its implications for film production and distribution. With this goal in mind, we have built a database of titles identifiable as original Netflix features between 2015 and 2018 (n=171), considering theatrical exhibition, festival presence, language, genre, release territories and involvement in production. We have contrasted this macro-level approach with a more micro-level analysis through specific case-examples, in order to consider the case-by-case particularities of the film industry. Per our results, (a) Netflix has combined consistent release methods with some contingent experiments based on trial and error; (b) the unfolding of these strategies is related to the company’s transnational identity and to the (c) goal of recognition according to established quality standards, like top film festivals or prestigious awards. Furthermore, the observed tendency towards capillary collaboration with local agents points to more potential diversity of catalogue titles and in some cases a greater international exposure of non-English speaking titles, even if circumscribed to popular genres like science-fiction, thriller or horror.Este artículo presenta un análisis de las estrategias que hay tras el estreno de las películas originales de ficción de Netflix. Aunque ya existe una extensa literatura sobre el gigante del streaming, se ha dedicado poca atención académica a las estrategias de estreno de los largometrajes originales y sus consecuencias en la producción y la distribución cinematográficas. Con este objetivo, hemos construido una base de datos de títulos identificables como películas originales de Netflix entre 2015 y 2018 (n = 171), teniendo en cuenta la exhibición en salas, la presencia en festivales, el idioma, el género, los territorios de estreno y la participación de la compañía en la producción. Hemos contrastado este enfoque de nivel macro con un análisis de nivel micro mediante ejemplos de casos concretos, a fin de considerar las particularidades específicas de la industria cinematográfica. Según nuestros resultados, (a) Netflix ha combinado métodos habituales de estreno con algunos experimentos contingentes basados en el método de ensayo y error; (b) el despliegue de estas estrategias está relacionado con la identidad transnacional de la empresa, y (c) con el objetivo de reconocimiento según los estándares de calidad establecidos, como pueden ser los principales festivales de cine o los premios de prestigio. Además, la tendencia observada hacia la colaboración capilar con agentes locales apunta a una mayor diversidad potencial de los títulos del catálogo y, en algunos casos, a una mayor exposición internacional de títulos de habla no inglesa, aunque habitualmente circunscritos a géneros populares como la ciencia ficción, el thriller o el terror

The Corona Property in Nevanlinna quotient algebras and interpolating sequences

Let $I$ be an inner function in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ and let $\mathcal{N}$ denote the Nevanlinna class. We prove that under natural assumptions, Bezout equations in the quotient algebra $\mathcal{N} / I \mathcal{N}$ can be solved if and only if the zeros of $I$ form a finite union of Nevanlinna interpolating sequences. This is in contrast with the situation in the algebra of bounded analytic functions, where being a finite union of interpolating sequences is a sufficient but not necessary condition. An analogous result in the Smirnov class is proved as well as several equivalent descriptions of Blaschke products whose zeros form a finite union of interpolating sequences in the Nevanlinna class

Mentoría y formación del profesorado novel para la comunicación emocional en los centros de difícil desempeño

El profesorado que ingresa por primera vez en un centro educativo se encuentra con una realidad que probablemente imaginara de otra manera, las dificultades que pueden surgir se ven incrementadas por las características propias de los centros educativos catalogados como de difícil desempeño. Estos centros están enmarcados en un espacio geográfico determinado, barrios circundantes, segregados. Esto supone que una buena parte de la población sufre una importante desconexión. El perfil del alumnado de estos centros, suelen ser: afectivos, emotivos, impulsivos (Agresivos), poco reflexivos, dinámicos, activo y diluyen su responsabilidad personal en el amparo del grupo. En este sentido el profesorado novel encuentra mayor dificultad en el inicio de su trayectoria profesional. Por eso los procesos de Mentoría ofrecen estrategias específicas de la mano de un experto, que se traducirán en mejoras de la práctica docente. Ser capaz de reconocer las expresiones emocionales en el alumnado y de expresarlas no es siempre fácil, por eso la propuesta es ir acompañado de profesorado veterano que ejerza como mentor para la mejora de la gestión del aula

Novel Polymeric Formulation for Removal of Gastrointestinal Polyps by Digestive Endoscopy

Álvaro Gimeno Sandig from Animal House Bellvitge University of Barcelona is acknowledged for his technical support.Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are two techniques used in the resection of gastrointestinal mucosal polyps. The aim of this work is the development and evaluation of an innovative polymeric solution containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid. For this purpose, several mixtures of these two main components, as well as other components such as fructose, citric acid, and zinc, are evaluated in terms of physicochemical and microbiological properties, rheological behavior, extensibility, syringeability, and stability at different storage conditions. Furthermore, the potential production of mucosal elevation and duration is also studied by an ex vivo model using porcine stomach and colon. Results show that the developed polymeric solutions possess optimal values of pH, from 4.58 to 6.63, for their use in the gastrointestinal tract. The formulations exhibit both Newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviors with different viscosity values as a function of their composition. All formulations exhibit high stability properties and no bacterial or fungal growth is detected. MCS01 and MCS05 are the polymeric solutions with the best syringeability results. In this line, MCS05 is the formulation that provides the highest, 2.20 ± 0.18 cm and 1.40 ± 0.11 cm, and longest-lasting, for more than 120 min, elevation effect on porcine submucosal stomach and colon tissues, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that polymeric solution MCS05 might be considered as a promising tool for use in human EMR and ESD.This research was funded by the local Regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía), grant number PIN-0479-2016

Synthesis and H+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Coordination Behavior of a Bis(fluorophoric) Bibrachial Lariat Aza-Crown

The synthesis, protonation behavior, and Cu2+ and Zn2+ coordination chemistry of the novel bibrachial aza lariat ether (naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)[2-(20-{2-[(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl}-3,6,9,17,20,23,29,30-octaazatricyclo[23.3.1.1*11,15*]triaconta-1(29),11(30),12,14,25,27-hexaen-6-yl)ethyl]amine (L) are discussed. The macrocycle, which has two aminoethyl naphthyl moieties symmetrically appended to a 2:2 azapyridinophane structure, displays, in the pH range 2−11, six protonation steps that correspond to the protonation of the secondary amino groups. Steady-state fluorescence measurements show emissions due to the monomer and to the excimer formed between the two naphthalene fragments of the macrocycle. The time-resolved fluorescence data, obtained by the time-correlated single photon counting technique, show that a significant percentage of excimer is preformed as ground-state dimers. The ligand L forms with the metal ions Cu2+ and Zn2+ mono- and dinuclear complexes in aqueous solution. The influence of metal coordination in the fluorescence emission of L is analyzed. The acid−base, coordination capabilities, and emissive behavior of L are compared with those presented by its synthetic precursor L1, which has a tripodal tris(2-aminoethyl)amine structure functionalized at one of its terminal amino groups with a naphthyl moiet

Biopharmaceutical Development of a Bifonazole Multiple Emulsion for Enhanced Epidermal Delivery

Efficient topical delivery of imidazolic antifungals faces the challenge of overcoming its limited water solubility and its required long-lasting duration of treatments. In this paper, a hydrophilic multiple emulsion (ME) of Bifonazole (BFZ) is shown to maximize its skin retention, minimize its skin permeation, and maintain an acceptable level of being harmless in vivo. The formulations were pharmaceutically characterized and application properties were assessed based on viscosity measurements. Non-Newtonian pseudoplastic shear thinning with apparent thixotropy was observed, facilitating the formulation retention over the skin. The in vitro release profile with vertical diffusion cells showed a predominant square-root release kinetic suggesting an infinite dose depletion from the formulation. Ex vivo human skin permeation and penetration was additionally evaluated. Respective skin permeation was lower than values obtained with a commercial O/W formulation. The combination of amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants increased the bifonazole epidermal accumulation by a factor of twenty. This fact makes the possibility of increasing its current 24 h administration frequency more likely. Eventual alterations of skin integrity caused by the formulations were examined with epidermal histological analysis and in vivo preclinical measurements of skin elasticity and water retrograde permeation. Histological analysis demonstrated that the multiple emulsions were harmless. Additionally, modifications of in vivo skin integrity descriptors were considered as negligible

Satisfacción del estudiante universitario con la tutoría. Diseño y validación de un instrumento de medida

La tutoría universitaria se considera un factor de calidad y una exigencia del EEES. Este trabajo presenta el diseño y validación de una escala de satisfacción con la tutoría y el grado de satisfacción en una muestra de estudiantes (n=976), en un estudio descriptivo y transversal. El análisis factorial es satisfactorio, la escala queda compuesta por 22 ítems y dos sub-escalas que explican el 57.87% de la varianza. La fi abilidad del instrumento (α=.973) y de las sub-escalas (α=.967 y α=.944) es alta. Los resultados muestran una mayor satisfacción con el tutor que con la organización y contenidos de la tutoría. University tutoring is considered as a quality factor and a requirement of the EHEA. Thus this paper presents the construction and validating process of a scale of satisfaction with it and the level of satisfaction in a sample of students (n=976) in a cross and descriptive study. Factor analysis is satisfying, scale is composed of a total of 22 items and two sub-scales explaining 57.87% of the variance. Instrument reliability level (α=.973) and both sub-scales (α=.967 y α=.944) are considered high. Results show greater satisfaction with the tutor than with the organization and content of mentoring.

Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features

Abstract: Caspofungin is a drug that is used for fungal infections that are difficult to treat, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia, as well as other forms of invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to incorporate Azone in a caspofungin gel (CPF-AZ-gel) and compare it with a promoter-free caspofungin gel (CPF-gel). An in vitro release study using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and ex vivo permeation into human skin was adopted. The tolerability properties were confirmed by histological analysis, and an evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the skin was undertaken. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. CPF-AZ-gel and CPF-gel, which had a homogeneous appearance, pseudoplastic behavior, and high spreadability, were obtained. The biopharmaceutical studies confirmed that caspofungin was released following a one-phase exponential association model and the CPF-AZ gel showed a higher release. The CPF-AZ gel showed higher retention of caspofungin in the skin while limiting the diffusion of the drug to the receptor fluid. Both formulations were well-tolerated in the histological sections, as well as after their topical application in the skin. These formulations inhibited the growth of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, while C. albicans showed resistance. In summary, dermal treatment with caspofungin could be used as a promising therapy for cutaneous candidiasis in patients that are refractory or intolerant to conventional antifungal agents

Experiences with students of vocational training: a step toward the master of compulsory secondary teachers, high school, training and teaching of languages

La experiencia de la Universidad de Granada en programas de competencia o formación profesional de alumnos no universitarios es reducida o nula, sin embargo uno de los objetivos de esta es colaborar en la formación de los profesores responsables de las enseñanzas medias a través del Máster de Profesorado de Secundaria Obligatoria, Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas. Asimismo, debemos reconocer que en la vida laboral son muchas las competencias similares entre profesionales procedentes de enseñanza de grado superior y aquellos que no han cursado estudios universitarios. En este sentido deberíamos conocer de primera mano las necesidades y perspectiva de los que serán nuestros alumnos de forma indirecta. Por este motivo parte del profesorado del Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Granada inicia un programa de acogida de estudiantes de Formación Profesional para la realización de su practicum. Esta primera experiencia servirá para el desarrollo y reflexión de futuras planificaciones docentes en lo referente a la participación del área en dicho master.The experience of the University of Granada in competition or training programs for professional non-university students is reduced or absent, however one of the goals of this is to collaborate in the training of teachers responsible for school level through the Master of Teaching Compulsory Secondary, High school, vocational training and language studies. We must also acknowledge that in working life are many similar skills among professionals from higher-level education and those who have not attended university.In this sense we should know first hand the needs and perspectives of our future students indirectly. For this reason the faculty of the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada began hosting a program of vocational training students to carry out their practicum. This first experience will serve the future development planning and reflection of teachers with regard to participation in the master area

Tutoring led by PHD students

Debido a la implantación del Plan Bolonia, en las Universidades españolas se están produciendo numerosos cambios docentes. Uno de los más destacados es la potenciación del aprendizaje autónomo del alumno. Sin embargo, los alumnos que acceden a los diferentes grados procedentes de la E.S.O. (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria) no están acostumbrados a este tipo de aprendizaje. De ahí, que los alumnos necesiten de un tutor que les guíe, facilitando así, su incorporación al EEES (Espacio Europeo de Educación superior). Para ello, se propone la utilización de un sistema de tutorización llevado a cabo por alumnos de doctorado y de último curso. La propuesta se realiza en base a la experiencia y al éxito que otros programas están teniendo en el ámbito nacional e internacional.Numerous educational changes are being producing due to the introduction of the Bologna Process in Spanish universities. One of the most prominent is the improvement of student's autonomous learning. Nevertheless students who access to the different degrees, from the E.S.O. (Obligatory Secondary Education) are not used to this type of learning. For this reason, students need a tutor who guides them, facilitating their incorporation to the EHEA (European Higher Education Area). The use of a system of tutoring led by PhD students and student from the last course is proposed. The proposal is made based on experience and success of others national and international programs