Droit, traduction, langue et idéologie : Kata poda ou la traduction pas à pas selon Justinien 1er

Cet article porte sur la Constitutio Tanta 21 qui interdit la rédaction de commentaires si ce n’est la traduction ultra-littérale du latin vers le grec qui frappe le Digeste de Justinien. Il débute par une analyse de la teneur et de la portée de Tanta 21, puis il s’intéresse aux divers facteurs qui ont pu participer à la formulation de cette interdiction, c’est-à-dire les principes appliqués à la traduction biblique, l’influence de la tradition juridique romaine et finalement le statut du latin comme langue juridique par excellence.This article examines Constitutio Tanta 21 which prohibits all commentary on Justinian’s Digest, except for ultra-literal translation from Latin to Greek, or what the Greeks call kata poda. It begins by analyzing the terms and significance of Tanta 21, and it then tries to circumscribe the various factors that might have contributed to the formulation of the prohibition, namely the principles applied to Bible Translation, the influence of the Roman legal tradition, and finally, the importance of Latin as the language of the law

Analyse de la structure des haies dans les vergers pour la définition de paysages mieux adaptés contre les bioagresseurs

National audienceAfin de modéliser la structure des haies de vergers, nous utilisons des méthodes de fouille de données. Ainsi, les chaînes de Markov couplées avec les chemins de Hilbert-Peano et les processus ponctuels servent à déterminer les paramètres propres à la disposition des haies dans le paysage. Ceci permet, par la suite, de simuler des paysages valides afin de créer des scénarios paysagers luttant contre les ravageur

Linguistic processes do not beat visuo-motor constraints, but they modulate where the eyes move regardless of word boundaries: Evidence against top-down word-based eye-movement control during reading

International audienceWhere readers move their eyes, while proceeding forward along lines of text, has long been assumed to be determined in a top-down word-based manner. According to this classical view, readers of alphabetic languages would invariably program their saccades towards the center of peripheral target words, as selected based on the (expected) needs of ongoing (word-identification) processing, and the variability in within-word landing positions would exclusively result from systematic and random errors. Here we put this predominant hypothesis to a strong test by estimating the respective influences of language-related variables (word frequency and word predictability) and lower-level visuo-motor factors (word length and saccadic launch-site distance to the beginning of words) on both word-skipping likelihood and within-word landing positions. Our eye-movement data were collected while forty participants read 316 pairs of sentences, that differed only by one word, the prime; this was either semantically related or unrelated to a following test word of variable frequency and length. We found that low-level visuo-motor variables largely predominated in determining which word would be fixated next, and where in a word the eye would land. In comparison, language-related variables only had tiny influences. Yet, linguistic variables affected both the likelihood of word skipping and within-word initial landing positions, all depending on the words’ length and how far on average the eye landed from the word boundaries, but pending the word could benefit from peripheral preview. These findings provide a strong case against the predominant word-based account of eye-movement guidance during reading, by showing that saccades are primarily driven by low-level visuo-motor processes, regardless of word boundaries, while being overall subject to subtle, one-off, language-based modulations. Our results also suggest that overall distributions of saccades’ landing positions, instead of truncated within-word landing-site distributions, should be used for a better understanding of eye-movement guidance during reading

In-depth, comprenhensive mapping of the human seminal plasma proteome by a novel, iterative LC/MS/MS/database search workflow

Comunicaciones a congreso

Neutral modelling of agricultural landscapes by tessellation methods—Application for gene flow simulation.

International audienceNeutral landscape models are not frequently used in the agronomical domain, whereas they would be very useful for studying given agro-ecological or physical processes. Contrary to ecological neutral landscape models, agricultural models have to represent and manage geometrical patches and thus should rely on tessellation methods. We present a three steps approach that aimed at simulating such landscapes. Firstly, we characterized the geometry of three real field patterns; secondly, we generated simulated field patterns with two tessellation methods attempting to control the value of some of the observed characteristics and, thirdly, we evaluated the simulated field patterns. For this evaluation, we considered that good simulated field patterns should capture characteristics of real landscapes that are important for the targeted agro-ecological process. Real landscapes and landscapes simulated using either a Voronoi or a rectangular tessellation were thus compared when used as input data within a gene flow model. The results showed that neither tessellation method captured field shapes correctly, thus leading to over or (small) under estimation of gene flow. The Voronoi tessellation, though, performed better than the rectangular tessellation. Possible research directions are proposed to improve the simulated patterns, including the use of post processing, the control of cell orientation or the implementation of other tessellation techniques

Structures de haies dans un paysage agricole : une étude par chemin de Hilbert adaptatif et chaînes de Markov

National audienceDans cet article nous présentons une approche couplant une courbe remplissant l'espace et une chaîne de Markov pour analyser des données spa-tiales concernant la localisation de haies. Du fait de l'hétérogénéité spatiale des données, nous utilisons une courbe adaptative de Hilbert qui permet de linéariser l'espace en s'ajustant localement à la densité des données. Pour ensuite exploiter la séquence produite, il est nécessaire de caractériser la distance entre un point et son prédecesseur sur la courbe ainsi que la densité locale. Nous proposons de calculer un temps d'accès à un point à partir du point précédent en utilisant la notion de profondeur de découpe. Cette variable, couplée avec les variables caractérisant les haies est ensuite analysée avec un modèle de Markov. Nous présentons et interprétons les résultats obtenus sur un jeu de données d'environ 10000 segments de haies d'une zone de la Basse vallée de la Durance

Structure Analysis of Hedgerows with Respect to Perennial Landscape Lines in Two Contrasting French Agricultural Landscapes

International audienceCharacterizing the spatial distribution of hedgerows over landscapes is important for understanding the effects of this distribution on the dynamics of plant and animal populations. Because hedgerows are planted or managed, the authors hypothesized that their distribution depends on the presence of other linear landscape elements, namely, roads and channels. Using proximity analyses, the authors thus assessed how the spatial distribution of hedgerows was impacted by the position of these linear landscape elements and the spatial extent of this impact for two contrasting agricultural landscapes. The results indicate that hedgerows were generally associated at short distances with other elements (100-150 m). Hedgerows had different association patterns depending on their orientation in one of the two landscapes. In that same landscape, within-landscape heterogeneity was related to different association patterns. These results indicate that models of the spatial distribution of hedgerows would gain from being based on the location of roads and channels in the studied landscape