ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DOS CASOS NOTIFICADOS DE RAIVA EM GRANDES ANIMAIS NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS DENTRE 2006 A 2017

Introdução: A raiva é uma zoonose viral, que se caracteriza como uma encefalite progressivaagressiva aguda e letal. Todos os mamíferos são susceptíveis ao vírus da raiva e, portanto, podemtransmiti-la. Objetivo: Efetuar uma análise de série temporal dos casos notificados de raiva norebanho de bovinos e equinos em Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico ecológicodo tipo série temporal dos casos notificados de raiva no rebanho de bovinos e equinos no sistemade notificação público do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento dentre os anos de2006 a 2017. A análise estatística determinou a frequência absoluta de casos, os coeficientes deprevalência e de regressão linear. Para todas as análises considerou-se o grau de significância de5% (p<0,05). Considerações: No período analisado, foram notificados 1.812 casos de raiva bovinae 200 casos de raiva equina. A média do Coeficiente de Prevalência foi de 6,59 casos a cada ummilhão de bovinos e de 20,62 a cada um milhão de equinos nos 12 anos analisados. Em bovinosno ano de 2006, o coeficiente de prevalência foi de 16,71 e no ano de 2017 foi de 3,87 casosnotificados a cada um milhão de animais. O coeficiente de regressão linear ß foi de -0,76 (p=0,004),sendo o coeficiente de determinação ajustado de 0,54. Portanto a prevalência dos casos notificadosde raiva bovina apresentou redução significativa já que houve uma tendência temporal decrescenteno período analisado. Já em relação ao rebanho equino, no ano de 2006, o coeficiente deprevalência foi de 60,09 e no ano de 2017 foi de 19,79 casos notificados a cada um milhão deanimais. O coeficiente de regressão linear ß foi de -0,48 (p=0,112), sendo o coeficiente dedeterminação ajustado de 0,16. Portanto a prevalência dos casos notificados de raiva equina nãoapresentou redução já que houve uma tendência temporal estacionária no período analisado. Assimsendo, consideramos que a diminuição dos casos na população bovina pode se dar ao fato de quesão animais destinados para fins alimentícios tanto no mercado interno quanto externo, assim aatenção para preconizar e manter medidas sanitárias e profiláticas são maiores quando comparadasa população equina. Conclui-se, por tanto, que quando se preconiza as medidas higiênicas esanitárias de um rebanho consequentemente haverá a diminuição de acometimentos de certaspatologias de grande impacto socioeconômico

Carbon Monoxide Modulation of Microglia-Neuron Communication: Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neurotrophic Role

This work was financed by FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência (FCT), Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of FCT-ANR/NEU-NMC/0022/2012 grant, PTDC/MEC-NEU/28750/2017 grant, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO (UID/Multi/04378/2019) grant; LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy; and FCT provided individual financial support to NLS (PD/BD/127819/2016), BFM (PD/BD/128336/2017) and HLAV (IF/00185/2012).Microglia, the ‘resident immunocompetent cells’ of the central nervous system (CNS), are key players in innate immunity, synaptic refinement and homeostasis. Dysfunctional microglia contribute heavily to creating a toxic inflammatory milieu, a driving factor in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders. Therefore, strategies to modulate the microglial function are required to tackle exacerbated tissue inflammation. Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous gaseous molecule produced by the degradation of haem, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-homeostatic and cytoprotective roles, among others. ALF-826A, a novel molybdenum-based CO-releasing molecule, was used for the assessment of neuron-microglia remote communication. Primary cultures of rat microglia and neurons, or the BV-2 microglial and CAD neuronal murine cell lines, were used to study the microglia-neuron interaction. An approach based on microglial-derived conditioned media in neuronal culture was applied. Medium derived from CO-treated microglia provided indirect neuroprotection against inflammation by limiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of reactivity markers (CD11b), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, nitrites). This consequently prevented neuronal cell death and maintained neuronal morphology. In contrast, in the absence of inflammatory stimulus, conditioned media from CO-treated microglia improved neuronal morphological complexity, which is an indirect manner of assessing neuronal function. Likewise, the microglial medium also prevented neuronal cell death induced by pro-oxidant tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). ALF-826 treatment reinforced microglia secretion of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and adenosine, mediators that may protect against t-BHP stress in this remote communication model. Chemical inhibition of the adenosine receptors A2A and A1 reverted the CO-derived neuroprotective effect, further highlighting a role for CO in regulating neuron-microglia communication via purinergic signalling. Our findings indicate that CO has a modulatory role on microglia-to-neuron communication, promoting neuroprotection in a non-cell autonomous manner. CO enhances the microglial release of neurotrophic factors and blocks exacerbated microglial inflammation. CO improvement of microglial neurotrophism under non-inflammatory conditions is here described for the first time.publishersversionepub_ahead_of_prin

H. pylori phages: from genome release to hope for use as therapy

The increasing antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori infections worldwide and the ineffectiveness of treatments led the World Health Organization to designate clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori as a high-priority bacterium for antibiotic research and development. (Bacterio)phages, viruses that infect bacteria, showing effectiveness in the treatment of pathogenic bacteria, could be a promising alternative strategy in the fight against H. pylori infections. Material and methods In this work, a collection of 74 Portuguese H. pylori-clinical strains was used to screen for the presence of phage genes, using a new PCR-based method. Selected strains were subsequently sequenced and prophage isolation was attempted using UV radiation. Three phages were isolated, one of which was further characterized genetically and biologically. Results PCR-based detection indicated the presence of target phage sequences in 14 strains, and the induction strategies resulted in the release of a new phage. It presents a genome length of 31,162 bp with a G+C content of 37.1 %. This podovirus showed capability to form phage plaques in five strains, was stable under an in vitro gastric digestion model, and was able to maintain a H. pylori population at low levels for up to 24h post-infection. Conclusion The new PCR screening method proved to be very effective in the selection of strains carrying prophages, resulting in the isolation of a new H. pylori phage. This phage presented very promising characteristics in terms of stability and efficacy, being therefore a small step towards the future use of phage therapy in the fight against H. pylori infections.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

WNT6 is a novel oncogenic prognostic biomarker in human glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a universally fatal brain cancer, for which novel therapies targeting specific underlying oncogenic events are urgently needed. While the WNT pathway has been shown to be frequently activated in GBM, constituting a potential therapeutic target, the relevance of WNT6, an activator of this pathway, remains unknown. Methods: WNT6 protein and mRNA levels were evaluated in GBM. WNT6 levels were silenced or overexpressed in GBM cells to assess functional effects in vitro and in vivo. Phospho-kinase arrays and TCF/LEF reporter assays were used to identify WNT6-signaling pathways, and significant associations with stem cell features and cancer-related pathways were validated in patients. Survival analyses were performed with Cox regression and Log-rank tests. Meta-analyses were used to calculate the estimated pooled effect. Results: We show that WNT6 is significantly overexpressed in GBMs, as compared to lower-grade gliomas and normal brain, at mRNA and protein levels. Functionally, WNT6 increases typical oncogenic activities in GBM cells, including viability, proliferation, glioma stem cell capacity, invasion, migration, and resistance to temozolomide chemotherapy. Concordantly, in in vivo orthotopic GBM mice models, using both overexpressing and silencing models, WNT6 expression was associated with shorter overall survival, and increased features of tumor aggressiveness. Mechanistically, WNT6 contributes to activate typical oncogenic pathways, including Src and STAT, which intertwined with the WNT pathway may be critical effectors of WNT6-associated aggressiveness in GBM. Clinically, we establish WNT6 as an independent prognostic biomarker of shorter survival in GBM patients from several independent cohorts. Conclusion: Our findings establish WNT6 as a novel oncogene in GBM, opening opportunities to develop more rational therapies to treat this highly aggressive tumor.FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/SAU-GMG/113795/2009 and IF/00601/2012 to B.M.C.; SFRH/BD/92786/2013 to C.S.G.; SFRH/BD/88121/2012 to J.V.C.; SFRH/BD/81042/2011 to M.P.; SFRH/BD/93443/2013 to S.Q.) and Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (B.M.C.), by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors - COMPETE and National Funds through FCT under the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038; by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 and NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000012, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A“Dirty” Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils

International audienceAmazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre-Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high-fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia

Desafios para a participação popular em saúde: reflexões a partir da educação popular na construção de conselho local de saúde em comunidades de João Pessoa, PB

A participação popular constitui uma força social capaz de elencar prioridades e influir nos serviços públicos de saúde, impulsionando a formulação de políticas para a promoção da saúde como um direito, de forma equânime, democrática e participativa. A organização da representação popular em conselhos de saúde vem avançando desde sua garantia na Lei 8.142/90, fazendo deste um espaço para fiscalização de ações e dinamização do controle social. Nesse contexto, o projeto de extensão "Práticas Integrais da Nutrição na Atenção Básica em Saúde - PINAB", do Departamento de Nutrição/UFPB, vem atuando no processo de fortalecimento da participação popular na saúde a partir da construção de um conselho local de saúde (CLS), em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF), em João Pessoa/PB. Este trabalho pretende sistematizar essa experiência, por meio da inserção dos extensionistas no processo e sua participação ativa nas ações desenvolvidas. Utilizando como metodologia a educação popular, o grupo operativo Mobilização Popular atuou por meio de: Visitas domiciliares, no intuito de reconhecer os movimentos sociais locais, para compreender a sua história de luta; e Atividades educativas, que visam contribuir para a participação comunitária no CLS e aprimorar os conhecimentos dos sujeitos envolvidos, favorecendo assim, o diálogo e o compartilhamento de saberes entre os mesmos. Ante o exposto, o PINAB pôde gerar movimentos e interlocuções para colaborar com o fortalecimento da gestão participativa na USF ao apoiar os espaços de formação e informação sobre o CLS, cooperando com o aprimoramento do senso crítico e estimulando a construção de um conselho verdadeiramente democrático