Эндоскопическая ультрасонография в диагностике опухолей пищевода и желудка

Clinica Gastroenterologie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Craiova, România, Conferinţa Ştiinţifico-Practică „Medicina modernă, actualităţi şi perspective”, consacrată aniversării de 40 de ani ai Spitalului Clinic al Ministerului Sănătăţii, 27-28 mai, 2010, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaEsophageal and gastric tumor pathology is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Recent investigative procedures allow precise diagnosis, differentiation between benign and malignant processes, appreciation of a mural pathologic process and even small therapeutic interventions in early forms of tumors (such as endoscopic resection). Endoscopic ultrasonography is one of the key techniques in tumor pathology of the upper digestive tract diagnosis, allowing positive diagnosis of esophageal cancer and gastric parietal extension and lymph node assessment, defining and determining the submucosal masses and the indication for endoscopic mucosectomiaОпухоли пищевода и желудка встречаются часто в клинической практике. Современные методы диагностики позволяют не только выявлять опухоли, проводить дифференциальную диагностику между доброкачественными и злокачественными поражениями, определять степень инвазивности патологического процесса, но и выполнять эндоскопические резекции опухолей по показаниям. Эндоскопическая ультрасонография является одним из ключевых методов в диагностике опухолей верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта, что позволяет своевременно диагностировать рак пищевода и желудка, распространение опухолевой инфильтрации в подслизистом слое и регионарных лимфоузлах, и определять показания для эндоскопической мукозэктомии

Эндоскопические и цитологические прогностические факторы у больных раком поджелудочной железы

Centrul de Cercetare în Gastroenterologie şi Hepatologie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Craiova, România, Conferinţa Ştiinţifico-Practică „Medicina modernă, actualităţi şi perspective”, consacrată aniversării de 40 de ani ai Spitalului Clinic al Ministerului Sănătăţii, 27-28 mai, 2010, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThe incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing and is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. The study included 72 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova. We selected only patients who were not undergoing palliative or curative surgery because of advanced disease, comorbidities, poor functional status or patient refusal of surgery. All selected patients received the same type of chemotherapy. Current pre-clinical evaluation by endoscopic ultrasonography and fine aspiration may provide some important information for the prognosis of patients. For the development of a complex system of prognostic extensive randomized studies are needed conducted by multidisciplinary teams as well as modern methods of multivariate analysis.Заболеваемость раком поджелудочной железы увеличивается и, как правило, диагностируется в поздних стадиях заболевания. В исследование были включены 72 пациента из отделения гастроэнтерологии Университета Медицины и Фармации, Крайова (Румыния), которые не были оперированы из-за поздних стадий, сопутствующих заболеваний, плохого функционального состояния пациента или отказа от операции. Все больные получали одинаковую химиотерапию. Обследование с помощью эндоскопической ультрасонографии и аспирационной пункции предоставило важную информацию для прогнозирования течения заболевания. Для разработки комплексной системы прогнозирования необходимы обширные рандомизированные исследования, проведенные междисциплинарными группами с применением современных методов одномерного и многомерного анализа

CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison

Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties inherent in radiograph interpretation. We investigate different approaches to using the uncertainty labels for training convolutional neural networks that output the probability of these observations given the available frontal and lateral radiographs. On a validation set of 200 chest radiographic studies which were manually annotated by 3 board-certified radiologists, we find that different uncertainty approaches are useful for different pathologies. We then evaluate our best model on a test set composed of 500 chest radiographic studies annotated by a consensus of 5 board-certified radiologists, and compare the performance of our model to that of 3 additional radiologists in the detection of 5 selected pathologies. On Cardiomegaly, Edema, and Pleural Effusion, the model ROC and PR curves lie above all 3 radiologist operating points. We release the dataset to the public as a standard benchmark to evaluate performance of chest radiograph interpretation models. The dataset is freely available at https://stanfordmlgroup.github.io/competitions/chexpert .Comment: Published in AAAI 201

Public, private and non-specific antibodies induced by non-cytopathic viral infections

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) represents a useful experimental model of murine infection with a non-cytopathic virus, bearing resemblance to HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in humans. Recent data from the LCMV model indicate that the humoral immune response that is induced by non-cytopathic viruses is far more complex than previously appreciated. LCMV-induced IgG production is largely polyclonal, with more than 90% of the antibody repertoire constituting non-relevant specificities. A delayed virus-neutralizing antibody response is induced, including specificities directed not only against the parental LCMV-strain present in the host but also cross-specifically against LCMV-variants isolated from other hosts. These findings provide novel insights to aid our understanding of clinically relevant observations that are recorded following human infection with HIV, HCV and dengue viruses

Temperature dependence of capture coefficients in trapping phenomena

The temperature dependence of the capture coefficients in trapping phenomena is investigated. It is proved that, besides the dependence induced by the thermal velocity of the carriers, the stress-induced traps at the interfaces of the multi-layered structures present a supplementary temperature dependence. This dependence is found to be of Gaussian type and is in a good agreement with the experimental results. © 2010 IEEE

Role of synovial fibroblast subsets across synovial pathotypes in rheumatoid arthritis: a deconvolution analysis

OBJECTIVES: To integrate published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and assess the contribution of synovial fibroblast (SF) subsets to synovial pathotypes and respective clinical characteristics in treatment-naïve early arthritis. METHODS: In this in silico study, we integrated scRNA-seq data from published studies with additional unpublished in-house data. Standard Seurat, Harmony and Liger workflow was performed for integration and differential gene expression analysis. We estimated single cell type proportions in bulk RNA-seq data (deconvolution) from synovial tissue from 87 treatment-naïve early arthritis patients in the Pathobiology of Early Arthritis Cohort using MuSiC. SF proportions across synovial pathotypes (fibroid, lymphoid and myeloid) and relationship of disease activity measurements across different synovial pathotypes were assessed. RESULTS: We identified four SF clusters with respective marker genes: PRG4(+) SF (CD55, MMP3, PRG4, THY1(neg)); CXCL12(+) SF (CXCL12, CCL2, ADAMTS1, THY1(low)); POSTN(+) SF (POSTN, collagen genes, THY1); CXCL14(+) SF (CXCL14, C3, CD34, ASPN, THY1) that correspond to lining (PRG4(+) SF) and sublining (CXCL12(+) SF, POSTN(+) + and CXCL14(+) SF) SF subsets. CXCL12(+) SF and POSTN(+) + were most prominent in the fibroid while PRG4(+) SF appeared highest in the myeloid pathotype. Corresponding, lining assessed by histology (assessed by Krenn-Score) was thicker in the myeloid, but also in the lymphoid pathotype + the fibroid pathotype. PRG4(+) SF correlated positively with disease severity parameters in the fibroid, POSTN(+) SF in the lymphoid pathotype whereas CXCL14(+) SF showed negative association with disease severity in all pathotypes. CONCLUSION: This study shows a so far unexplored association between distinct synovial pathologies and SF subtypes defined by scRNA-seq. The knowledge of the diverse interplay of SF with immune cells will advance opportunities for tailored targeted treatments

Stress-induced traps in multilayered structures

The trap parameters of defects in Si/CaF 2 multilayered structures were determined from the analysis of optical charging spectroscopy measurements. Two kinds of maxima were observed. Some of them were rather broad, corresponding to "normal" traps, while the others, very sharp, were attributed to stress-induced traps. A procedure of optimal linear smoothing the noisy experimental data has been developed and applied. This procedure is based on finding the minimal value of the relative error with respect to the value of the smoothing window. In order to obtain a better accuracy for the description of the trapping-detrapping process, a Gaussian temperature dependence of the capture cross-sections characterizing the stress-induced traps was introduced. Both the normal and the stress-induced traps have been characterized, including some previously considered as only noise features. ©2011 American Institute of Physics

Proceedings from the Second Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Symposium-Haplo2014, San Francisco, California, December 4, 2014

Significant progress has been made over the past decade in haploidentical transplantation, with the development of novel methods to control intense alloreactive reactions generated in the major HLA-mismatched setting. Application of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide has gained worldwide acceptance as an effective and low-cost way to perform this type of transplantation, with outcomes now similar to those from HLA-matched unrelated donors. These advances have resulted in improved treatment-related mortality, whereas disease relapse has emerged as the most common cause of treatment failure. In addition, improvements in immunologic reconstitution after transplantation are much needed, not only in haploidentical transplantation but in all forms of stem cell transplantation. This symposium has focused on some of the most promising methods to control alloreactivity in this form of transplantation and application of cellular therapy to prevent disease relapse after transplantation, as well as understanding immunologic reconstitution and foreseeable approaches to improve immune recovery after transplantation

Correction: The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) consensus guidelines for the detection and treatment of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation

The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Marcelo Fernandez-Vina, which was incorrectly given as Marcelo Fernadez-Vina. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article