Efecto de la emulsificación sobre la actividad antimicrobiana del carvacrol

Este trabajo se basa en la emulsificación del carvacrol para su incorporación a jugos con el objetivo de retener su actividad antimicrobiana y mejorar la estabilidad del aceite en sistemas acuosos. El carvacrol se emulsificó (CA-E) utilizando capsul® (emulsión1:2) y la actividad antimicrobiana se determinó sobre Escherichia coli y Lactobacillus plantarum. El efecto combinado de CA-E y la reducción del pH a 4,5 se evaluó en diferentes jugos. La emulsión no afectó la sensibilidad de L. plantarum al carvacrol; sin embargo, E. coli presentó mayor concentración mínima inhibitoria. Los tratamientos combinados incrementaron el efecto, 0,5 µL/mL CA-E aumentó desde 0,2 a 2,1 reducciones log de E. coli. La emulsión de carvacrol (1,0 µL/mL) inactivó exitosamente a E. coli en jugos de manzana y naranja, alcanzando niveles indetectables (<1 log UFC/mL). La eficacia de la emulsión de carvacrol aumentó por la acidificación, permitiendo su uso en bajas dosis en alimentos ácidos, constituyendo una alternativa para múltiples aplicaciones en alimentos.This work focuses on the emulsification of carvacrol for its incorporation into juices with the aim of retaining antimicrobial activity while enhancing the stability of the oil in aqueous systems. Carvacrol was emulsified (CA-E) using capsul® (1:2 emulsion) and its antimicrobial activity was determined on Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum. The combined effect of CA-E and pH reduction to 4.5 was assessed on different juices. The sensitivity of L. plantarum to carvacrol was not affected by emulsification, whereas E. coli presented higher minimal inhibitory concentrations. Combined treatments improved the effect: 0.5 µL/mL CA-E increased from 0.2 to 2.1 log reductions of E. coli. Carvacrol emulsion (1.0 µL/mL) successfully inactivated E. coli in apple and orange juices, attaining undetectable levels (<1 log CFU/mL). The efficacy of carvacrol emulsion was improved by acidification; therefore, its incorporation at low doses in acidic foods may be a useful alternative for multiple applications.Fil: Char, Cielo Dolores. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cisternas, Lorena. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Perez, Francisco. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Guerrero, Sandra N.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Fructose consumption reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive performance

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic, which involves a spectrum of metabolic disorders comprising diabetes and obesity. The impact of MetS on the brain is becoming to be a concern, however, the poor understanding of mechanisms involved has limited the development of therapeutic strategies. We induced a MetS-like condition by exposing mice to fructose feeding for 7weeks. There was a dramatic deterioration in the capacity of the hippocampus to sustain synaptic plasticity in the forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Mice exposed to fructose showed a reduction in the number of contact zones and the size of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the hippocampus, as well as a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation likely associated with a deficiency in plasma membrane excitability. Consistent with an overall hippocampal dysfunction, there was a subsequent decrease in hippocampal dependent learning and memory performance, i.e., spatial learning and episodic memory. Most of the pathological sequel of MetS in the brain was reversed three month after discontinue fructose feeding. These results are novel to show that MetS triggers a cascade of molecular events, which disrupt hippocampal functional plasticity, and specific aspects of learning and memory function. The overall information raises concerns about the risk imposed by excessive fructose consumption on the pathology of neurological disorders

Efecto de métodos combinados sobre la inactivación de Escherichia coli en jugo de zanahoria

Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera Agrónoma y al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción AgroindustrialHoy en día los consumidores tienen mayor conocimiento de la importancia de integrar frutas y hortalizas frescas a la dieta de manera que ésta sea saludable, dado que se conoce el gran aporte nutricional y los beneficios para la salud tales como la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes, cáncer, etc. El gran problema de las frutas y hortalizas frescas es que tienen un rápido deterioro causado principalmente por enzimas y microorganismos. Las bacterias se consideran como la mayor causa del deterioro de alimentos frescos, seguido por hongos, virus, residuos de pesticidas y micotoxinas (Fallik, 2014)

Response Surface Methodology for Copper Flotation Optimization in Saline Systems

Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most effective tools for optimizing processes, and it has been used in conjunction with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test to establish the effect of input factors on output factors. However, when this methodology is used in mineral flotation, its polynomial model usually performs poorly. An alternative is to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) in such situations. Within this context, the ANOVA test is not the best option for these model types; moreover, it requires statistical assumptions that are difficult to satisfy in flotation. This work proposes replacing the polynomial model of the RSM with ANNs and the Sobol methods to determine the influential input factors instead of the ANOVA test. This proposal is applied to two porphyry copper ores with a high content of pyrite, clay, and dilution media. In addition, this study shows how other computational intelligence techniques, such as swarm intelligence, can be incorporated into this type of problem to improve the learning process of ANNs. The results gave an adjustment of over 0.98 for R2 using ANNs, in comparison to values of around 0.5 when the polynomial model of RSM was utilized. On the other hand, the application of Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) identified the aeration rate and P80 size as the most influential variables in copper recovery under the conditions studied. Additionally, we identified significant interactions that affect the recovery of copper, with the interactions between the aeration rate, frother concentration, and P80 size being the most important

Response Surface Methodology for Copper Flotation Optimization in Saline Systems

Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most effective tools for optimizing processes, and it has been used in conjunction with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test to establish the effect of input factors on output factors. However, when this methodology is used in mineral flotation, its polynomial model usually performs poorly. An alternative is to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) in such situations. Within this context, the ANOVA test is not the best option for these model types; moreover, it requires statistical assumptions that are difficult to satisfy in flotation. This work proposes replacing the polynomial model of the RSM with ANNs and the Sobol methods to determine the influential input factors instead of the ANOVA test. This proposal is applied to two porphyry copper ores with a high content of pyrite, clay, and dilution media. In addition, this study shows how other computational intelligence techniques, such as swarm intelligence, can be incorporated into this type of problem to improve the learning process of ANNs. The results gave an adjustment of over 0.98 for R2 using ANNs, in comparison to values of around 0.5 when the polynomial model of RSM was utilized. On the other hand, the application of Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) identified the aeration rate and P80 size as the most influential variables in copper recovery under the conditions studied. Additionally, we identified significant interactions that affect the recovery of copper, with the interactions between the aeration rate, frother concentration, and P80 size being the most important

Identificar el uso de las tecnologias de informacion en la funcion financiera de empresas industriales

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The impact of seawater with calcium and magnesium removal for the flotation of copper-molybdenum sulphide ores

The use of seawater in the flotation of copper-molybdenum sulphide ores is becoming increasingly important. However, the complex chemistry by the presence of calcium and magnesium hydroxyl-complexes interferes with the recovery of molybdenite. This study analyzes the impact of pre-treated seawater with calcium and magnesium removal on the floatability of copper-molybdenum sulphide ores. The pretreatment was carried out by a mixture of NaCO and CaO, which promotes the precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions. Three different conditions were compared, (i) flotation in seawater at pH 11.5; (ii) flotation in pretreated seawater with calcium and magnesium removal at pH 11.5; and (iii) flotation in seawater at natural pH, i.e. pH\ua0≈\ua07.6. While the copper recovery was similar in all cases, the recovery of molybdenum at high alkaline condition was notably increased when seawater harness was reduced. On the other hand, a high pyrite depression was reached because the oxidizing atmosphere at pH 11.5 allows Fe(OH) formation

ACTUALIZACIÓN EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO Y MANEJO DE ALTERACIONES HEMATOLÓGICAS DEL FETO

Presentamos una revisión de la literatura de los problemas hematológicos del feto más relevantes, con especial enfoque del diagnóstico y tratamiento prenata

ACTUALIZACIÓN EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO Y MANEJO DE ALTERACIONES HEMATOLÓGICAS DEL FETO

Presentamos una revisión de la literatura de los problemas hematológicos del feto más relevantes, con especial enfoque del diagnóstico y tratamiento prenatalWe present a literature review of most relevant fetal hematologic disorders, with special approach for the diagnosis and prenatal treatmen