Evaluation of Local People's Perspective on Rural Tourism: Sample of Tekirdağ Province

The main purpose of this study is to determine the positive or negative rural tourism perception ofthe people living in the villages where rural tourism education was given by Tekirdag MetropolitanMunicipality and it is aimed to determine whether the rural tourism perception level differsaccording to demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status etc. In order toaccomplish this aim, a survey was carried out with the method of quota sampling to the peoplewho were given rural tourism education by the Tekirdag Metropolitan Municipality. A total of450 questionnaires were distributed, 421 of which were returned, but missing and inaccuratesurveys were issued and a total of 390 questionnaires were analyzed. As a result of the analyzes,it was determined that the participants perceived the impact of rural tourism as highly positive. Atthe same time, it was determined that the perception of rural tourism showed significantdifferences according to the gender, age, marital status and income levels of the participants.Based on the information obtained as a result of the research, some suggestions were made to thestakeholders regarding rural tourism

Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians

Knowledge of high resolution Y-chromosome haplogroup diversification within Iran provides important geographic context regarding the spread and compartmentalization of male lineages in the Middle East and southwestern Asia. At present, the Iranian population is characterized by an extraordinary mix of different ethnic groups speaking a variety of Indo-Iranian, Semitic and Turkic languages. Despite these features, only few studies have investigated the multiethnic components of the Iranian gene pool. In this survey 938 Iranian male DNAs belonging to 15 ethnic groups from 14 Iranian provinces were analyzed for 84 Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 10 STRs. The results show an autochthonous but non-homogeneous ancient background mainly composed by J2a sub-clades with different external contributions. The phylogeography of the main haplogroups allowed identifying post-glacial and Neolithic expansions toward western Eurasia but also recent movements towards the Iranian region from western Eurasia (R1b-L23), Central Asia (Q-M25), Asia Minor (J2a-M92) and southern Mesopotamia (J1-Page08). In spite of the presence of important geographic barriers (Zagros and Alborz mountain ranges, and the Dasht-e Kavir and Dash-e Lut deserts) which may have limited gene flow, AMOVA analysis revealed that language, in addition to geography, has played an important role in shaping the nowadays Iranian gene pool. Overall, this study provides a portrait of the Y-chromosomal variation in Iran, useful for depicting a more comprehensive history of the peoples of this area as well as for reconstructing ancient migration routes. In addition, our results evidence the important role of the Iranian plateau as source and recipient of gene flow between culturally and genetically distinct population

The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The process of Greek colonization of the central and western Mediterranean during the Archaic and Classical Eras has been understudied from the perspective of population genetics. To investigate the Y chromosomal demography of Greek colonization in the western Mediterranean, Y-chromosome data consisting of 29 YSNPs and 37 YSTRs were compared from 51 subjects from Provence, 58 subjects from Smyrna and 31 subjects whose paternal ancestry derives from Asia Minor Phokaia, the ancestral embarkation port to the 6^thcentury BCE Greek colonies of Massalia (Marseilles) and Alalie (Aleria, Corsica).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>19% of the Phokaian and 12% of the Smyrnian representatives were derived for haplogroup E-V13, characteristic of the Greek and Balkan mainland, while 4% of the Provencal, 4.6% of East Corsican and 1.6% of West Corsican samples were derived for E-V13. An admixture analysis estimated that 17% of the Y-chromosomes of Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization. Using the following putative Neolithic Anatolian lineages: J2a-DYS445 = 6, G2a-M406 and J2a1b1-M92, the data predict a 0% Neolithic contribution to Provence from Anatolia. Estimates of colonial Greek vs. indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10% Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Given the origin of viniculture in Provence is ascribed to Massalia, these results suggest that E-V13 may trace the demographic and socio-cultural impact of Greek colonization in Mediterranean Europe, a contribution that appears to be considerably larger than that of a Neolithic pioneer colonization.</p

The Investigation of Facebook Sites of Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism in Turkey Through the Content Analysis

Son yıllarda sosyal medya araçları hızlı bir şekilde gelişmiş ve milyonlarca insan tarafından kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu da turizm paydaşlarının destinasyonlar ile ilgili reklam ve tanıtım faaliyetlerini bu araçlar yardımıyla yapmalarını teşvik etmektedir. Facebook sitesi sosyal medya araçları içerisinde en fazla tercih edilen araçlardan birisidir. İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlükleri facebook sayfası oluşturarak reklam ve tanıtım faaliyetlerini bu araç sayesinde hızlı, düşük maliyetle ve daha etkin bir şekilde yerine getirebilirler. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye'deki İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüklerinin facebook sitelerini ne şekilde kullandıklarını, özellikle destinasyon tanıtımı konusunda facebook sitesinden ne ölçüde yararlandıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Bununla birlikte facebook sitesinden daha etkili bir şekilde yararlanabilmeleri için öneriler sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda facebook sitesine sahip olan 48 adet İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğünün facebook siteleri içerik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda müdürlüklerin facebook sitesinden yeteri kadar ve etkili bir şekilde yararlanmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.Social media tools have developed rapidly in recent years, millions of people have started to use them. And this provides the tourism stakeholders to perform their marketing, mainly advertising and promotional activities through these tools. Facebook site is one of the most preferred tools among the social media tools. Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorates can perform their advertising and promotional activities with low cost in a fast way in Facebook Page. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to reveal how the Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorates in Turkey use Facebook site, especially to what extent they benefit from Facebook site for the purpose of destination advertisements. Furthermore it is aimed to present suggestions in order to benefit more effectively from the Facebook site. Within this perspective, Facebook sites of 48 Culture and Tourism Directorates which have Facebook sites have been examined with content analysis. As a result of the research, it is found out that directorates do not benefit from their Facebook sites sufficiently and efficiently

The Influence of Hotel Employee’s Perceived Leadership Style on Their Level of Burnout: Çanakkale Sample

anemonThemain purpose of this study is to explore the influence of hotel employee’sperceived leadership style on their level of burnout. In this research;employee-oriented, change-oriented and production-oriented leadership stylesare investigated. Within the scope of this research, the employees of four andfive star hotels in Canakkale were surveyed. A total of 120 questionnaires weredistributed to the employees who were selected by simple random method.However, 107 questionnaires were returned and 102 questionnaires in total wereanalyzed after missing and incorrect ones were excluded. Based on the analysisof data, it was determined that the burnout levels of the employees are low aswell as production-oriented leadership is the most perceived leadership styleby the employees. At the same time, a significant relationship was foundbetween the level of burnout and both employee-oriented and change-orientedleadership styles. On the other hand, no significant relationship was foundbetween the level of burnout and production-oriented leadership style.Buaraştırmanın temel amacı çalışanların otel yöneticilerinde algıladıklarıliderlik tarzlarının tükenmişlik düzeylerine etkisini belirlemektir.Araştırmada liderlik tarzları olarak çalışan, üretim ve değişim odaklı liderliktarzları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacını gerçekleştirmek için Çanakkaleilinde faaliyet gösteren dört ve beş yıldızlı otel çalışanlarına anketuygulanmıştır. Basit tesadüfi yöntemle seçilen otel çalışanlarına toplamda 120anket dağıtılmış, bunlardan 107 geri dönüş sağlanmış ancak eksik ve hatalıanketler çıkarılarak toplamda 102 anket analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizisonucunda çalışanların tükenmişlik düzeylerinin orta düzeye yakın olduğu veçalışanlar tarafından yöneticilerinde en fazla üretime yönelik liderliktarzının algılandığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada çalışan ve değişim odaklıliderlik tarzlarının tükenmişlik düzeyi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahipolduğu, üretim odaklı liderlik tarzının ise tükenmişlik düzeyi üzerindeherhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.50653

Trakya Bağ Rotasına Gelen Turistlerin Profilinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Günümüzde turizm faaliyeti geleneksel turizmden farklı olarak alternatif turizm adı altında birçok turizm çeşidiyle yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Turistlerin yapmış oldukları seyahat harcamalarında gıda tüketimi harcamalarının önemli bir yer tutması, alternatif turizm çeşitleri içerisinde gastronomi turizminin de yer almasına neden olmuştur. Son yıllarda ülkelerin turizm gelirlerinin önemli bir kısmı, gastronomi turizmi ile sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile gastronomi turizmi içerisinde yer alan Trakya Bağ Rotasında; Tekirdağ, Şarköy, Kırklareli, Gelibolu destinasyonlarında bulunan 12 işletmeyi ziyaret eden turistlerin demografik, coğrafik, psikolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik açıdan profilinin belirlenmesi ve bölgeye yönelik algıları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu projeyle hem bölgedeki turizm işletmeleri yöneticilerine hem de bu rotanın gelişmesine katkı sağlayabilecek olan sivil toplum kuruluşlarına, yerel yönetimlere, İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüklerine bir takım bilgiler ve öneriler sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.Today, tourism activity has gained a new dimension through various tourism types under the name of alternative tourism. Food consumption expenditures take a significant part in tourists’ travel expenditures. This has led to the inclusion of gastronomic tourism within alternative tourism types. During recent years, an important part of the tourism incomes of the countries is provided by gastronomy tourism. With this study, demographic, geographical, psychological and socio-economic profile of the tourists visiting 12 enterprises in Tekirdag, Sarkoy, Kirklareli and Gallipoli destinations among Thrace Vineyard Route Project in gastronomy tourism and regional perceptions are tried to be determined. Moreover, with this project some information and suggestions are tried to be presented to tourism managers in the region as well as civil society organizations that can contribute to the development of this route, Local Governments, Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorates

Congress Tourism in the Turkey and An Application Congress Hotel in Istanbul

2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (INTCESS) -- FEB 02-04, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEYIn this study, it is mentioned how much congress and meeting organizations in changing and developing in the tourism industry have an important role in both macro and micro basis is mentioned depending on the data presented of the congress tourism in the Turkey. The study consists of two parts, in the first section, general information is given about congress tourism with the literature study, In the last section, congress hotel in Istanbul were interviewed to support research.Int Org Ctr Acad Re

The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations

Paleoanthropological evidence indicates that both the Levantine corridor and the Horn of Africa served, repeatedly, as migratory corridors between Africa and Eurasia. We have begun investigating the roles of these passageways in bidirectional migrations of anatomically modern humans, by analyzing 45 informative biallelic markers as well as 10 microsatellite loci on the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 121 and 147 extant males from Oman and northern Egypt, respectively. The present study uncovers three important points concerning these demic movements: (1) The E3b1-M78 and E3b3-M123 lineages, as well as the R1*-M173 lineages, mark gene flow between Egypt and the Levant during the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. (2) In contrast, the Horn of Africa appears to be of minor importance in the human migratory movements between Africa and Eurasia represented by these chromosomes, an observation based on the frequency distributions of E3b*-M35 (no known downstream mutations) and M173. (3) The areal diffusion patterns of G-M201, J-12f2, the derivative M173 haplogroups, and M2 suggest more recent genetic associations between the Middle East and Africa, involving the Levantine corridor and/or Arab slave routes. Affinities to African groups were also evaluated by determining the NRY haplogroup composition in 434 samples from seven sub-Saharan African populations. Oman and Egypt’s NRY frequency distributions appear to be much more similar to those of the Middle East than to any sub-Saharan African population, suggesting a much larger Eurasian genetic component. Finally, the overall phylogeographic profile reveals several clinal patterns and genetic partitions that may indicate source, direction, and relative timing of different waves of dispersals and expansions involving these nine populations