18 research outputs found
Silent, but salient: gestures in simultaneous interpreting
This study is aimed at studying the saliency in the gestures of simultaneous interpreters. To distinguish between distinguished gestures and non-selected ones, two groups of parameters are proposed - main and auxiliary, which are evaluated in relation to the general gesticulation style of the same interprete
THE ADESSIVE CASE IN POLISH: A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE ON SOME LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONS
The aim of this paper is to show that what is considered in Polish as one heterogeneous LOCA- TIVE case in the āformalā approach only on the surface seems rather complex and appears to lack any natural order. Due to the limited size of the paper, focus will be laid only on one locative case, the ADESSIVE, representing the static external locative, expressing different aspects of a relationship outside an entity and describing the ālocation āon top ofā or ānearā, āownerā or āin- strumentā by means of which an action is performedā (Karlsson 1999: 115). It has no single lin- guistic equivalent in Polish; instead it is represented by several prepositions, such as na + LOC āonā, przy + LOC ābyā and u + GEN āatā, etc., reflecting different aspects of proximity and coin- cidence in space. Taking just the case of the ADESSIVE relation, data observations based on the IPI PAN Corpus of Polish allow us to claim that although each preposition is responsible for a different aspect of the external spatial relation, they complement one another and are related in a family resemblance fashion, expressing an adessive relation
Which Is in Front of Chinese People, Past or Future? The Effect of Language and Culture on Temporal Gestures and Spatial Conceptions of Time
The temporalāfocus hypothesis claims that whether people conceptualize the past or the future as in front of them depends on their cultural attitudes toward time; such conceptualizations can be independent from the spaceātime metaphors expressed through language. In this paper, we study how Chinese people conceptualize time on the sagittal axis to find out the respective influences of language and culture on mental spaceātime mappings. An examination of Mandarin speakers' coāspeech gestures shows that some Chinese spontaneously perform pastāināfront/futureāatāback (besides futureāināfront/pastāatāback) gestures, especially when gestures are accompanying pastāināfront/futureāatāback spaceātime metaphors (Exp.Ā 1). Using a temporal performance task, the study confirms that Chinese can conceptualize the future as behind and the past as in front of them, and that such spaceātime mappings are affected by the different expressions of Mandarin spaceātime metaphors (Exp.Ā 2). Additionally, a survey on cultural attitudes toward time shows that Chinese tend to focus slightly more on the future than on the past (Exp.Ā 3). Within the Chinese sample, we did not find evidence for the effect of participants' cultural temporal attitudes on spaceātime mappings, but a crossācultural comparison of spaceātime mappings between Chinese, Moroccans, and Spaniards provides strong support for the temporalāfocus hypothesis. Furthermore, the results of Exp.Ā 2 are replicated even after controlling for factors such as cultural temporal attitudes and age (Exp.Ā 3), which implies that linguistic sagittal temporal metaphors can indeed influence Mandarin speakers' spaceātime mappings. The findings not only contribute to a better understanding of Chinese people's sagittal temporal orientation, but also have additional implications for theories on the mental spaceātime mappings and the relationship between language and thought
How co-speech gestures are rendered in audio description : a case study
The description of co-speech gestures is an under-researched area of audio description. This chapter draws attention to the concept of audio description strategies. As well as looking at the ways in which co-speech gestures are described in audio description, Jankowska and Zabrocka explore the methodological implications of including gesture types into analysis of gesture description. This chapter concludes with the results of a case study in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis of a corpus of six professionally audio described films