A note on a predator–prey model with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes with stochastic perturbation

AbstractIn this paper, we show there is a stationary distribution of a predator–prey model with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes with stochastic perturbation and it has ergodic property

THE EFFECT OF FORMAL SCHEMA ON COLLEGE ENGLISH LISTENING COMPREHENSION IN EFL

Abstract: Listening comprehension used to be thought of as a passive skill, and listeners were called as“tape-recorder” (Anderson Lynch,1988). But in fact it is an active process, in which what the listener wants to get is an adequate understanding of what the speaker said and what the speaker meant. To achieve this purpose, English listeners should utilize contextual clues, background knowledge and depend on many learning strategies. Active listeners will understand what the speakers said with relevant background knowledge and their particular purpose. In recent years, there has been a lot of progress English listening teaching in China, and studies on application of schema theory into listening comprehension have become more and more popular in both pedagogical theory and experiments. Schema is one of major factors that affect people’s listening comprehension. The present study, with second-year non-English majors as subjects, aimed to investigate the effect of formal schema on college English listening comprehension. It was found that when there is a lack of relevant formal schema, there will be a short-circuit of listening comprehension. It is also proved that activation of formal schema improves college students’ listening comprehension. Therefore, it is necessary to improve college students’ language skills and help them build up relevant formal schema as well. Key words: formal schema, listening comprehension, college English PENGARUH SKEMA FORMAL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN MENYIMAK BAHASA INGGRIS PADA KELAS BAHASA INGGRIS SEBAGAI BAHASA ASING Abstrak: Pemahaman menyimak sebelumnya seringkali dianggap sebagai keterampilan pasif, dan para pendengarnya disebut “alat rekam” (Anderson Lynch, 1988). Tapi, kenyataannya, menyimak adalah proses aktif, dimana apa yang diinginkan pendengar adalah pemahaman yang memadai terhadap apa yang dikatakan oleh penutur dan maksud dari penutur. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, para penyimak bahasa Inggris harus memanfaatkan petunjuk-petunjuk kontekstual, pengetahuan latar belakang dan bergantung pada berbagai strategi belajar. Para penyimak aktif akan memahami apa yang dikatakan penutur dengan pengetahuan yang relevan dan tujuan khususnya. Akhir-akhir ini, ada banyak kemajuan dalam pengajaran menyimak di Cina, dan kajian-kajian mengenai penerapan teori skema pada pemahaman menyimak telah menjadi semakin populer baik dalam teori maupun eksperimen pedagogik. Skema adalah salah satu faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pemahaman menyimak orang-orang. Kajian ini, dengan mahasiswa non-bahasa Inggris tingkat dua sebagai subyeknya, bertujuan menyelidiki pengaruh dari skema formal terhadap pemahaman menyimak bahasa Inggris di perguruan tinggi. Ditemukan bahwa ketika ada kekurangan akan skema formal yang relevan, akan ada “hubungan arus pendek” dalam pemahaman menyimak. Terbukti juga bahwa aktivasi skema formal meningkatkan pemahaman menyimak para mahasiswa. Karena itu, penting untuk meningkatkan keterampilan-keterampilan bahasa mahasiswa dan juga membantu mereka membangun skema formal yang relevan. Kata kunci: Skema formal, pemahaman menyimak, bahasa Inggris perguruan tingg

A new conjugate gradient method based on the modified secant equations

Abstract. Based on the secant equations proposed by Zhang, Deng and Chen, we propose a new nonlinear conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization problems. Global convergence of this method is established under some proper conditions

Comparative metabolomics analysis of milk components between Italian Mediterranean buffaloes and Chinese Holstein cows based on LC-MS/MS technology

Buffalo and cow milk have a very different composition in terms of fat, protein, and total solids. For a better knowledge of such a difference, the milk metabolic profiles and characteristics of metabolites was investigated in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes and Chinese Holstein cows were investigated by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in this study. Totally, 23 differential metabolites were identified to be significantly different in the milk from the two species of which 15 were up-regulated and 8 down-regulated in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that 4 metabolites (choline, acetylcholine, nicotinamide and uric acid) were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, as well as purine metabolism. The results provided further insights for a deep understanding of the potential metabolic mechanisms responsible for the different performance of Italian Mediterranean buffaloes’ and Chinese Holstein cows’ milk. The findings will offer new tools for the improvement and novel directions for the development of dairy industry

The Asymptotic Behavior of a Stochastic Predator-Prey System with Holling II Functional Response

We discuss a stochastic predator-prey system with Holling II functional response. First, we show that this system has a unique positive solution as this is essential in any population dynamics model. Then, we deduce the conditions that there is a stationary distribution of the system, which implies that the system is permanent. At last, we give the conditions for the system that is going to be extinct

Detect Depression from Social Networks with Sentiment Knowledge Sharing

Social network plays an important role in propagating people's viewpoints, emotions, thoughts, and fears. Notably, following lockdown periods during the COVID-19 pandemic, the issue of depression has garnered increasing attention, with a significant portion of individuals resorting to social networks as an outlet for expressing emotions. Using deep learning techniques to discern potential signs of depression from social network messages facilitates the early identification of mental health conditions. Current efforts in detecting depression through social networks typically rely solely on analyzing the textual content, overlooking other potential information. In this work, we conduct a thorough investigation that unveils a strong correlation between depression and negative emotional states. The integration of such associations as external knowledge can provide valuable insights for detecting depression. Accordingly, we propose a multi-task training framework, DeSK, which utilizes shared sentiment knowledge to enhance the efficacy of depression detection. Experiments conducted on both Chinese and English datasets demonstrate the cross-lingual effectiveness of DeSK

Electrophysiological correlates of emotional source memory in high-trait-anxiety individuals

The interaction between recognition memory and emotion has become a research hotspot in recent years. Dual process theory posits that familiarity and recollection are two separate processes contributing to recognition memory, but further experimental evidence is needed. The present study explored the emotional context effects on successful and unsuccessful source retrieval amongst 15 high-trait-anxiety college students by using event-related potentials (ERPs) measurement. During study, a happy, fearful, or neutral face picture first was displayed, then a Chinese word was superimposed centrally on the picture and subjects were asked to remember the word and the corresponding type of picture. During the test participants were instructed to press one of four buttons to indicate whether the displayed word was an old or new word. And then, for the old word, indicate whether it had been shown with a fearful, happy, or neutral face during the study. ERPs were generally more positive for remembered words than for new words and the ERP difference was termed as an old/new effect. It was found that, for successful source retrieval (it meant both the item and the source were remembered accurately) between 500 and 700 ms (corresponding to a late positive component, LPC), there were significant old/new effects in all contexts. However, for unsuccessful source retrieval (it meant the correct recognition of old items matched with incorrect source attribution), there were no significant old/new effects in happy and neutral contexts, though significant old/new effects were observed in the fearful context. Between 700 and 1200 ms (corresponding to a late slow wave, LSW), there were significant old/new effects for successful source retrieval in happy and neutral contexts. However, in the fearful context, the old/new effects were reversed, ERPs were more negative for successful source retrieval compared to correct rejections. Moreover, there were significant emotion effects for successful source retrieval at this time window. Further analysis showed ERPs of old items were more negative in fearful context than in neutral context. The results showed that early unsuccessful fearful source retrieval processes (related to familiarity) were enhanced, but late successful fearful source retrieval processes during source retrieval monitoring (related to recollection) were weakened. This provided preliminary evidence for the dual processing theory

Experimental implementation of precisely tailored light-matter interaction via inverse engineering

Accurate and efficient quantum control in the presence of constraints and decoherence is a requirement and a challenge in quantum information processing. Shortcuts to adiabaticity, originally proposed to speed up the slow adiabatic process, have nowadays become versatile toolboxes for preparing states or controlling the quantum dynamics. Unique shortcut designs are required for each quantum system with intrinsic physical constraints, imperfections, and noise. Here, we implement fast and robust control for the state preparation and state engineering in a rare-earth ions system. Specifically, the interacting pulses are inversely engineered and further optimized with respect to inhomogeneities of the ensemble and the unwanted interaction with other qubits. We demonstrate that our protocols surpass the conventional adiabatic schemes, by reducing the decoherence from the excited-state decay and inhomogeneous broadening. The results presented here are applicable to other noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems.We acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (61505133, 61674112, 62074107); Natural Science Foundation of Jiang Su Province (BK20150308); The International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC-STINT (61811530020); S.K. acknowledges the support from the Swedish Research Council (no. 2016-04375, no. 2019-04949), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW2016.0081) and Wallenberg Center for Quantum Technology (WACQT) (KAW2017.0449); European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (712721); NanOQ Tech and the Lund Laser Centre (LLC) through a project grant under the Lund Linneaus environment. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 820391 (SQUARE) and no. 654148 Laserlab-Europe. A.W. acknowledges the support from the Swedish Research Counc[.R. acknowledges the support from the Swedish Research Council (no. 2016-05121). X.C. acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and the European Regional Development Fund through PGC2018-101355-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Basque Government through Grant No. IT986-16, the EU FET Open Grant Quromorphic (Grant No. 828826), and EPIQUS (Grant No. 899368) and the Ramon y Cajal program (Grant No. RYC-2017-22482)