129 research outputs found
Ultrasensitive protein detection in blood serum using gold nanoparticle probes by single molecule spectroscopy
NetGPT: Generative Pretrained Transformer for Network Traffic
Pretrained models for network traffic can utilize large-scale raw data to
learn the essential characteristics of network traffic, and generate
distinguishable results for input traffic without considering specific
downstream tasks. Effective pretrained models can significantly optimize the
training efficiency and effectiveness of downstream tasks, such as traffic
classification, attack detection, resource scheduling, protocol analysis, and
traffic generation. Despite the great success of pretraining in natural
language processing, there is no work in the network field. Considering the
diverse demands and characteristics of network traffic and network tasks, it is
non-trivial to build a pretrained model for network traffic and we face various
challenges, especially the heterogeneous headers and payloads in the
multi-pattern network traffic and the different dependencies for contexts of
diverse downstream network tasks.
To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we make the first attempt to
provide a generative pretrained model for both traffic understanding and
generation tasks. We propose the multi-pattern network traffic modeling to
construct unified text inputs and support both traffic understanding and
generation tasks. We further optimize the adaptation effect of the pretrained
model to diversified tasks by shuffling header fields, segmenting packets in
flows, and incorporating diverse task labels with prompts. Expensive
experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our NetGPT in a range of traffic
understanding and generation tasks, and outperform state-of-the-art baselines
by a wide margin
Schizandrol A: a lignan from Schisandra chinensis
The title compound (systematic name: 1,2,3,10,11,12-hexamethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,c]cycloocten-6-ol), C24H32O7, has a dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton. There are three molecules in the asymmetric unit, which are related by a pseudo-translation in the direction of the c axis. Nevertheless, the three molecules differ in the torsion angle of one of the methoxy groups. The dihedral angles between the two aromatic rings are 62.39 (10), 62.65 (10) and 61.84 (10)° for the three molecules. The crystal packing is stabilized by a series of O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as C—H⋯π interactions
Copy number variants in locally raised Chinese chicken genomes determined using array comparative genomic hybridization
BACKGROUND: Copy number variants contribute to genetic variation in birds. Analyses of copy number variants in chicken breeds had focused primarily on those from commercial varieties with nothing known about the occurrence and diversity of copy number variants in locally raised Chinese chicken breeds. To address this deficiency, we characterized copy number variants in 11 chicken breeds and compared the variation among these breeds. RESULTS: We presented a detailed analysis of the copy number variants in locally raised Chinese chicken breeds identified using a customized comparative genomic hybridization array. We identified 833 copy number variants contained within 308 copy number variant regions. The median and mean sizes of the copy number variant regions were 14.6 kb and 35.1 kb, respectively. Of the copy number variant regions, 138 (45%) involved gain of DNA, 159 (52%) involved loss of DNA, and 11 (3%) involved both gain and loss of DNA. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering revealed the close relatedness of the four locally raised chicken breeds, Shek-Ki, Langshan, Qingyuan partridge, and Wenchang. Biological process enrichment analysis of the copy number variant regions confirmed the greater variation among the four aforementioned varieties than among the seven other breeds studied. CONCLUSION: Our description of the distribution of the copy number variants and comparison of the differences among the copy number variant regions of the 11 chicken breeds supplemented the information available concerning the copy number variants of other Chinese chicken breeds. In addition to its relevance for functional analysis, our results provided the first insight into how chicken breeds can be clustered on the basis of their genomic copy number variation
The Airlines’ Recent Experience Under the Railway Labor Act
Silky-feather has been selected and fixed in some breeds due to its unique appearance. This phenotype is caused by a single recessive gene (hookless, h). Here we map the silky-feather locus to chromosome 3 by linkage analysis and subsequently fine-map it to an 18.9 kb interval using the identical by descent (IBD) method. Further analysis reveals that a C to G transversion located upstream of the prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 2 (PDSS2) gene is causing silky-feather. All silky-feather birds are homozygous for the G allele. The silky-feather mutation significantly decreases the expression of PDSS2 during feather development in vivo. Consistent with the regulatory effect, the C to G transversion is shown to remarkably reduce PDSS2 promoter activity in vitro. We report a new example of feather structure variation associated with a spontaneous mutation and provide new insight into the PDSS2 function
Ferroelectricity driven by magnetism in quasi-one-dimensional Ba9Fe3Se15
The spin-induced ferroelectricity in quasi-1D spin chain system is little
known, which could be fundamentally different from those in three-dimensional
(3D) system. Here, we report the ferroelectricity driven by a tilted screw spin
order and its exotic dynamic in the spin-chain compound Ba9Fe3Se15. It is found
that the spin-induced polarization has already occurred and exhibits
magnetoelectric coupling behavior far above the long-range spin order (LRSO) at
TN = 14 K. The polarized entities grow and their dynamic responses slow down
gradually with decreasing temperature and permeate the whole lattice to form 3D
ferroelectricity at TN. Our results reveal that the short-range spin orders
(SRSOs) in the decoupled chains play a key role for the exotic dynamic in this
dimension reduced system. Ba9Fe3Se15 is the only example so far which exhibits
electric polarization above LRSO temperature because of the formation of SRSOs
User Oriented Resource Management with Virtualization: A Hierarchical Game Approach
The explosive advancements in mobile Internet and Internet of Things challenge the network capacity and architecture. The ossification of wireless networks hinders the further evolution towards the fifth generation of mobile communication systems. Ultra-dense small cell networks are considered as a feasible way to meet high-capacity demands. Meanwhile, ultradense small cell network virtualization also exploits an insightful perspective for the evolution because of
Factors associated with decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia
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