Eigenkulturelle Reflexion im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Zur Stellung und zu den Möglichkeiten der Bewusstmachung eigenkultureller Prägungen der Fremd-sprachenlernenden im Kontext der Förderung ihrer interkulturellen Kompetenz

Eigenkulturelle Reflexion im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Zur Stellung und zu den Möglichkeiten der Bewusstmachung eigenkultureller Prägungen der Fremd-sprachenlernenden im Kontext der Förderung ihrer interkulturellen Kompeten

Remembrance and Perseverance in History of the Native American Church in Oklahoma

In this thesis, I examine the concepts of Native sovereignty, authenticity, (invented) tradition, indigeneity, and cultural heritage as these are applied to the context of the Native American Church (NAC, Peyotism, or the peyote religion) in Oklahoma, and in particular, to the context of the NAC centennial commemoration. These are the themes that have been devoted much attention in a variety of academic studies, including but not limited to anthropology, Native/indigenous/ethnic studies, folklore and performance studies, and law. Similarly, the studies of the peyote religion are abundant as well. There are always, however, some gaps. In particular, the studies of Native sovereignties, cultural heritage, and tradition tend to overlook Peyotism. The overwhelming majority of the existing studies of the peyote religion, in turn, unfortunately ignore these important discussions, instead focusing on the (ethno)history of Peyotism, its development and spread among different tribes, and description and comparative analysis of the variety of local forms of Peyotism. The main goal of this research is thus to connect the studies of Peyotism with the major discussions in the fields of anthropology and indigenous studies about sovereignty, indigeneity, tradition, and cultural heritage. Understanding the ways these phenomena are connected and, in particular, how the peyote religion, as a case study, fits in, will possibly contribute to the building of more integrated knowledge of social movements as such. Furthermore, it has a potential to supplement the aforementioned major discussions as well. The main ideas of the present work are reassessment of the concept of history, spatiality (localization and delocalization) of indigenous sovereignties, and using indigenous perspectives on time to expand cultural heritage theory

Die Selbstevaluation im prozess- und lernerorientierten Fremdsprachenunterricht (Bedeutung, Ziele, Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten)

The article concerns the issue of evaluation in the process of teaching a foreign language as its inseparable component. So far evaluation has been perceived as a process having a great importance for the teacher who can use it as a tool for controlling whether his aims have been achieved or not, to plan further work in a better way etc. Such approach to the process of evaluation, however, is not too much beneficial. This is why this article concentrates on the learner’s self - evaluation as the best way to establish his own aims, monitoring his progress, reflection on the chosen method of work and the possibility of changing it according to his needs etc. So the article says about the value of self- evaluation, its aims and possibilities of realization. The problem discussed is especially interesting and valid in the context of changing the approach from the traditional one (concentrated on the outcome of the process of learning) to teaching aimed at learner autonomy (in which more attention is paid to the process of learning itself).The article concerns the issue of evaluation in the process of teaching a foreign language as its inseparable component. So far evaluation has been perceived as a process having a great importance for the teacher who can use it as a tool for controlling whether his aims have been achieved or not, to plan further work in a better way etc. Such approach to the process of evaluation, however, is not too much beneficial. This is why this article concentrates on the learner’s self - evaluation as the best way to establish his own aims, monitoring his progress, reflection on the chosen method of work and the possibility of changing it according to his needs etc. So the article says about the value of self- evaluation, its aims and possibilities of realization. The problem discussed is especially interesting and valid in the context of changing the approach from the traditional one (concentrated on the outcome of the process of learning) to teaching aimed at learner autonomy (in which more attention is paid to the process of learning itself)

Mapping constrained optimization problems to quantum annealing with application to fault diagnosis

Current quantum annealing (QA) hardware suffers from practical limitations such as finite temperature, sparse connectivity, small qubit numbers, and control error. We propose new algorithms for mapping boolean constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) onto QA hardware mitigating these limitations. In particular we develop a new embedding algorithm for mapping a CSP onto a hardware Ising model with a fixed sparse set of interactions, and propose two new decomposition algorithms for solving problems too large to map directly into hardware. The mapping technique is locally-structured, as hardware compatible Ising models are generated for each problem constraint, and variables appearing in different constraints are chained together using ferromagnetic couplings. In contrast, global embedding techniques generate a hardware independent Ising model for all the constraints, and then use a minor-embedding algorithm to generate a hardware compatible Ising model. We give an example of a class of CSPs for which the scaling performance of D-Wave's QA hardware using the local mapping technique is significantly better than global embedding. We validate the approach by applying D-Wave's hardware to circuit-based fault-diagnosis. For circuits that embed directly, we find that the hardware is typically able to find all solutions from a min-fault diagnosis set of size N using 1000N samples, using an annealing rate that is 25 times faster than a leading SAT-based sampling method. Further, we apply decomposition algorithms to find min-cardinality faults for circuits that are up to 5 times larger than can be solved directly on current hardware.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Hitting Diamonds and Growing Cacti

We consider the following NP-hard problem: in a weighted graph, find a minimum cost set of vertices whose removal leaves a graph in which no two cycles share an edge. We obtain a constant-factor approximation algorithm, based on the primal-dual method. Moreover, we show that the integrality gap of the natural LP relaxation of the problem is \Theta(\log n), where n denotes the number of vertices in the graph.Comment: v2: several minor changes