Adaptability and personality change in a difficult situation,subject autonomy and sociotropy: Experimental and theoretical aspects

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The actuality problems of adaptation in modern conditions is determined by attention to the exploration of human resources to overcome difficult life situations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the hypothetical ideas of individual determinants of the coping difficult situations,the mechanisms of the changingpersonality with stable individual characteristics of “autonomy” and “sociotropy”. Leading method is a method of theoretical and empirical analysis of experimental data. Were obtained results about the role of autonomy (independence) and sociotropii (dependence on public approval) in choosing coping strategies the adaptability. Confirmed that a difficult situation can significantly influence on personality change,in particular,in particular,neurasthenic,anxious-phobic syndromes and disorders adaptation .It was found the importance of self-regulation in determining individual resource adaptability for autonomous and for sociotropic types. It is confirmed that in a difficult situation the adaptive relationships and emotions of “sociotropic” subjects are unstable; the individual resource of self-regulationmainly manifests itself in the form of adaptive copings in accordance with the specifics of border changes of personality. It was found that “autonomous” have are more robust indicators of emotional sphere and adaptive relationship in difficult situations due to the preparedness to change and overcome the stereotype of presentation; it turned out that autonomy and awareness are resource of self-regulation behaviorentities in the choice behavioral strategies toovercome and adaptation,taking into account the conditions of the situation. The results presented in the paper could help psychologists,physicians,researchers in their scientific pursuits,and other specialists investigating the problem of individual resources and individual resources of human adaptation

Wushi chuxue Yingwenzi （無師初學英文字） -The research of the difference of the sounds between North and South Mandarin in the late Qing dynasty

記載近代漢語的南北官話或南北官音差異的資料其實不少，「正音」課本之類即是其中一種。相對於中國本土資料多採用漢字說明的方式，西洋人的資料多採用羅馬字對漢字進行注音，這對於音韻研究具有重要意義。本文意在介紹一種描寫近代漢語南北官音差別的資料－『無師初學英文字 General Romanization of the Mandarin Dialect, A Primer for Schools and Self-instruction』（Presbyterian Mission, Nanking 1897)，其作者為 Charles Leaman。這本書里分別「北音」和「南音｣，筆者認為，「北音」大概是廣義的「北方話｣，「南音」則是「以南京官話為主的南方話｣。下面簡單介紹一下這本書的南京官音的描寫情況，並討論西洋傳教士的羅馬字拼音化的問題。文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点東アジアの言語と表

Protective Effect of Acyzol in a Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of a novel zinc-containing drug acyzol in comparison with silymarin, a medicinal extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). The hepatoprotective effect was studied in 40 albino nonlinear male rats in a model of toxic liver injury induced by intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride. Both drugs were diluted in water and administered intragastrically at doses 10 mg/kg (acyzol) and 100 mg/kg (silymarin) for 10 days twice daily, after development of clinical toxic hepatitis. Biochemical and functional indicators of the liver parenchyma demonstrated that both drugs reduced mortality, normalized the body and relative liver weight, reduced intensity of cytolytic, cholestatic, and mesenchymal inflammatory syndromes, and restored liver function. The study demonstrates that acyzol and silymarin have comparable hepatoprotective effect, thus, providing a rationale for the use of acyzol in complex therapy of toxic hepatitis and hepatosis

High efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with comorbid migraine and depression: a meta-analysis

Background: Migraine and depression are highly prevalent and partly overlapping disorders that cause strong limitations in daily life. Patients tend to respond poorly to the therapies available for these diseases. OnabotulinumtoxinA has been proven to be an effective treatment for both migraine and depression. While many studies have addressed the effect of onabotulinumtoxinA in migraine or depression separately, a growing body of evidence suggests beneficial effects also for patients comorbid with migraine and depression. The current meta-analysis systematically investigates to what extent onabotulinumtoxinA is efficient in migraineurs with depression. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed based on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from the earliest date till October 30 th, 2020. Mean, standard deviation (SD) and sample size have been used to evaluate improvement in depressive symptoms and migraine using random-effects empirical Bayes model. Results: Our search retrieved 259 studies, eight of which met the inclusion criteria. OnabotulinumtoxinA injections administered to patients with both chronic migraine and major depressive disorder led to mean reduction of -8.94 points (CI [-10.04,-7.84], p < 0.01) in the BDI scale, of -5.90 points (CI [-9.92,-1.88], p < 0.01) in the BDI-II scale and of -6.19 points (CI [-9.52,-2.86], p < 0.01) in the PHQ-9 scale, when evaluating depressive symptoms. In the case of the migraine-related symptoms, we found mean reductions of -4.10 (CI [-7.31,-0.89], p = 0.01) points in the HIT6 scale, -32.05 (CI [-55.96,-8.14], p = 0.01) in the MIDAS scale, -1.7 (CI [-3.27,-0.13], p = 0.03) points in the VAS scale and of -6.27 (CI [-8.48,-4.07], p < 0.01) migraine episodes per month. Comorbid patients showed slightly better improvements in BDI, HIT6 scores and migraine frequency compared to monomorbid patients. The latter group manifested better results in MIDAS and VAS scores. Conclusion: Treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA leads to a significant reduction of disease severity of both chronic migraine and major depressive disorder in patients comorbid with both diseases. Comparative analyses suggest an equivalent strong effect in monomorbid and comorbid patients, with beneficial effects specifically seen for certain migraine features

Pharmacological Correction of Hypoxic Conditions by Complexes of Zinc with N-Alkenylimidazoles

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The discovery and development of effective antihypoxic drugs is an important issue in modern experimental and clinical pharmacology. Complexes of zinc containing imidazole cycles as ligands are promising candidates for the design of novel drugs, including pharmacotherapeutic tools for patient’s protection under conditions of oxygen deficiency. Herein, we report antihypoxic activity of zinc complexes with N-alkenylimidazoles, and, specifically, a novel drug Acyzol, which can be used as efficient antidote after poisoning by carbon monoxide and other combustion products

The international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP): data integrity and the trends in clinical trials, diseases, and drugs

Introduction: Clinical trials are the gold standard for testing new therapies. Databases like ClinicalTrials.gov provide access to trial information, mainly covering the US and Europe. In 2006, WHO introduced the global ICTRP, aggregating data from ClinicalTrials.gov and 17 other national registers, making it the largest clinical trial platform by June 2019. This study conducts a comprehensive global analysis of the ICTRP database and provides framework for large-scale data analysis, data preparation, curation, and filtering.Materials and methods: The trends in 689,793 records from the ICTRP database (covering trials registered from 1990 to 2020) were analyzed. Records were adjusted for duplicates and mapping of agents to drug classes was performed. Several databases, including DrugBank, MESH, and the NIH Drug Information Portal were used to investigate trends in agent classes.Results: Our novel approach unveiled that 0.5% of the trials we identified were hidden duplicates, primarily originating from the EUCTR database, which accounted for 82.9% of these duplicates. However, the overall number of hidden duplicates within the ICTRP seems to be decreasing. In total, 689 793 trials (478 345 interventional) were registered in the ICTRP between 1990 and 2020, surpassing the count of trials in ClinicalTrials.gov (362 500 trials by the end of 2020). We identified 4 865 unique agents in trials with DrugBank, whereas 2 633 agents were identified with NIH Drug Information Portal data. After the ClinicalTrials.gov, EUCTR had the most trials in the ICTRP, followed by CTRI, IRCT, CHiCTR, and ISRCTN. CHiCTR displayed a significant surge in trial registration around 2015, while CTRI experienced rapid growth starting in 2016.Conclusion: This study highlights both the strengths and weaknesses of using the ICTRP as a data source for analyzing trends in clinical trials, and emphasizes the value of utilizing multiple registries for a comprehensive analysis

Adaptability and personality change in a difficult situation,subject autonomy and sociotropy: Experimental and theoretical aspects

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The actuality problems of adaptation in modern conditions is determined by attention to the exploration of human resources to overcome difficult life situations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the hypothetical ideas of individual determinants of the coping difficult situations,the mechanisms of the changingpersonality with stable individual characteristics of “autonomy” and “sociotropy”. Leading method is a method of theoretical and empirical analysis of experimental data. Were obtained results about the role of autonomy (independence) and sociotropii (dependence on public approval) in choosing coping strategies the adaptability. Confirmed that a difficult situation can significantly influence on personality change,in particular,in particular,neurasthenic,anxious-phobic syndromes and disorders adaptation .It was found the importance of self-regulation in determining individual resource adaptability for autonomous and for sociotropic types. It is confirmed that in a difficult situation the adaptive relationships and emotions of “sociotropic” subjects are unstable; the individual resource of self-regulationmainly manifests itself in the form of adaptive copings in accordance with the specifics of border changes of personality. It was found that “autonomous” have are more robust indicators of emotional sphere and adaptive relationship in difficult situations due to the preparedness to change and overcome the stereotype of presentation; it turned out that autonomy and awareness are resource of self-regulation behaviorentities in the choice behavioral strategies toovercome and adaptation,taking into account the conditions of the situation. The results presented in the paper could help psychologists,physicians,researchers in their scientific pursuits,and other specialists investigating the problem of individual resources and individual resources of human adaptation

Adaptability and personality change in a difficult situation,subject autonomy and sociotropy: Experimental and theoretical aspects

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The actuality problems of adaptation in modern conditions is determined by attention to the exploration of human resources to overcome difficult life situations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the hypothetical ideas of individual determinants of the coping difficult situations,the mechanisms of the changingpersonality with stable individual characteristics of “autonomy” and “sociotropy”. Leading method is a method of theoretical and empirical analysis of experimental data. Were obtained results about the role of autonomy (independence) and sociotropii (dependence on public approval) in choosing coping strategies the adaptability. Confirmed that a difficult situation can significantly influence on personality change,in particular,in particular,neurasthenic,anxious-phobic syndromes and disorders adaptation .It was found the importance of self-regulation in determining individual resource adaptability for autonomous and for sociotropic types. It is confirmed that in a difficult situation the adaptive relationships and emotions of “sociotropic” subjects are unstable; the individual resource of self-regulationmainly manifests itself in the form of adaptive copings in accordance with the specifics of border changes of personality. It was found that “autonomous” have are more robust indicators of emotional sphere and adaptive relationship in difficult situations due to the preparedness to change and overcome the stereotype of presentation; it turned out that autonomy and awareness are resource of self-regulation behaviorentities in the choice behavioral strategies toovercome and adaptation,taking into account the conditions of the situation. The results presented in the paper could help psychologists,physicians,researchers in their scientific pursuits,and other specialists investigating the problem of individual resources and individual resources of human adaptation

Protective Effect of Acyzol in a Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of a novel zinc-containing drug acyzol in comparison with silymarin, a medicinal extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). The hepatoprotective effect was studied in 40 albino nonlinear male rats in a model of toxic liver injury induced by intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride. Both drugs were diluted in water and administered intragastrically at doses 10 mg/kg (acyzol) and 100 mg/kg (silymarin) for 10 days twice daily, after development of clinical toxic hepatitis. Biochemical and functional indicators of the liver parenchyma demonstrated that both drugs reduced mortality, normalized the body and relative liver weight, reduced intensity of cytolytic, cholestatic, and mesenchymal inflammatory syndromes, and restored liver function. The study demonstrates that acyzol and silymarin have comparable hepatoprotective effect, thus, providing a rationale for the use of acyzol in complex therapy of toxic hepatitis and hepatosis

Treatment of ADHD : Drugs, psychological therapies, devices, complementary and alternative methods as well as the trends in clinical trials

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders having a high influence on social interactions. The number of approved treatments and clinical trials for ADHD have increased markedly during the recent decade. This analytical review provides a quantitative overview of the existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of ADHD treatments investigated in clinical trials during 1999-2021. A total of 695 interventional trials were manually assessed from clinicaltrial.gov with the search term "ADHD", and trial data has been used for analysis. A clear majority of the studies investigated non-pharmacological therapies (similar to 80%), including many behavioral options, such as social skills training, sleep and physical activity interventions, meditation and hypnotherapy. Devices, complementary and other alternative methods of ADHD treatment are also gaining attention. The pharmacological group accounts for similar to 20% of all the studies. The most common drug classes include central nervous system stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate hydrochloride, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, amphetamine sulfate, mixed amphetamine salts, a combination of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and serdexmethylphenidate chloride), selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (atomoxetine, viloxazine), and alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonists (guanfacine hydrochloride, clonidine hydrochloride). Several studies investigated antidepressants (e.g., bupropion hydrochloride, vortioxetine), and atypical antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine, aripiprazole) but these are yet not approved by the FDA for ADHD treatment. We discuss the quantitative trends in clinical trials and provide an overview of the new drug agents and non-pharmacological therapies, drug targets, and novel treatment options