3,037 research outputs found
Crater formation during raindrop impact on sand
After a raindrop impacts on a granular bed, a crater is formed as both drop
and target deform. After an initial, transient, phase in which the maximum
crater depth is reached, the crater broadens outwards until a final steady
shape is attained. By varying the impact velocity of the drop and the packing
density of the bed, we find that avalanches of grains are important in the
second phase and hence, affect the final crater shape. In a previous paper, we
introduced an estimate of the impact energy going solely into sand deformation
and here we show that both the transient and final crater diameter collapse
with this quantity for various packing densities. The aspect ratio of the
transient crater is however altered by changes in the packing fraction.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Liquid-grain mixing suppresses droplet spreading and splashing during impact
Would a raindrop impacting on a coarse beach behave differently from that
impacting on a desert of fine sand? We study this question by a series of model
experiments, where the packing density of the granular target, the wettability
of individual grains, the grain size, the impacting liquid, and the impact
speed are varied. We find that by increasing the grain size and/or the
wettability of individual grains the maximum droplet spreading undergoes a
transition from a capillary regime towards a viscous regime, and splashing is
suppressed. The liquid-grain mixing is discovered to be the underlying
mechanism. An effective viscosity is defined accordingly to quantitatively
explain the observations
Assessment of density functional methods with correct asymptotic behavior
Long-range corrected (LC) hybrid functionals and asymptotically corrected
(AC) model potentials are two distinct density functional methods with correct
asymptotic behavior. They are known to be accurate for properties that are
sensitive to the asymptote of the exchange-correlation potential, such as the
highest occupied molecular orbital energies and Rydberg excitation energies of
molecules. To provide a comprehensive comparison, we investigate the
performance of the two schemes and others on a very wide range of applications,
including the asymptote problems, self-interaction-error problems, energy-gap
problems, charge-transfer problems, and many others. The LC hybrid scheme is
shown to consistently outperform the AC model potential scheme. In addition, to
be consistent with the molecules collected in the IP131 database [Y.-S. Lin,
C.-W. Tsai, G.-D. Li, and J.-D. Chai, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 154109], we
expand the EA115 and FG115 databases to include, respectively, the vertical
electron affinities and fundamental gaps of the additional 16 molecules, and
develop a new database AE113 (113 atomization energies), consisting of accurate
reference values for the atomization energies of the 113 molecules in IP131.
These databases will be useful for assessing the accuracy of density functional
methods.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 46 pages, 4
figures, supplementary material include
More on volume dependence of spectral weight function
Spectral weight functions are easily obtained from two-point correlation
functions and they might be used to distinguish single-particle from
multi-particle states in a finite-volume lattice calculation, a problem crucial
for many lattice QCD simulations. In previous studies, it is shown that the
spectral weight function for a broad resonance shares the typical volume
dependence of a two-particle scattering state i.e. proportional to in a
large cubic box of size while the narrow resonance case requires further
investigation. In this paper, a generalized formula is found for the spectral
weight function which incorporates both narrow and broad resonance cases.
Within L\"uscher's formalism, it is shown that the volume dependence of the
spectral weight function exhibits a single-particle behavior for a extremely
narrow resonance and a two-particle behavior for a broad resonance. The
corresponding formulas for both and channels are derived. The
potential application of these formulas in the extraction of resonance
parameters are also discussed
Interaction between counter-propagating quantum Hall edge channels in the 3D topological insulator BiSbTeSe
The quantum Hall effect is studied in the topological insulator BiSbTeSe.
By employing top- and back-gate electric fields at high magnetic field, the
Landau levels of the Dirac cones in the top and bottom topological surface
states can be tuned independently. When one surface is tuned to the
electron-doped side of the Dirac cone and the other surface to the hole-doped
side, the quantum Hall edge channels are counter-propagating. The opposite edge
mode direction, combined with the opposite helicities of top and bottom
surfaces, allows for scattering between these counter-propagating edge modes.
The total Hall conductance is integer valued only when the scattering is
strong. For weaker interaction, a non-integer quantum Hall effect is expected
and measured
Radiative transitions in charmonium from twisted mass lattice QCD
We present a study for charmonium radiative transitions:
, and
using twisted mass lattice QCD gauge
configurations. The single-quark vector form factors for and
are also determined. The simulation is performed at a lattice
spacing of fm and the lattice size is . After
extrapolation of lattice data at nonzero to 0, we compare our results
with previous quenched lattice results and the available experimental values.Comment: typeset with revtex, 15 pages, 11 figures, 4 table
Observer-biased bearing condition monitoring: from fault detection to multi-fault classification
Bearings are simultaneously a fundamental component and one of the principal causes of failure in rotary machinery. The work focuses on the employment of fuzzy clustering for bearing condition monitoring, i.e., fault detection and classification. The output of a clustering algorithm is a data partition (a set of clusters) which is merely a hypothesis on the structure of the data. This hypothesis requires validation by domain experts. In general, clustering algorithms allow a limited usage of domain knowledge on the cluster formation process. In this study, a novel method allowing for interactive clustering in bearing fault diagnosis is proposed. The method resorts to shrinkage to generalize an otherwise unbiased clustering algorithm into a biased one. In this way, the method provides a natural and intuitive way to control the cluster formation process, allowing for the employment of domain knowledge to guiding it. The domain expert can select a desirable level of granularity ranging from fault detection to classification of a variable number of faults and can select a specific region of the feature space for detailed analysis. Moreover, experimental results under realistic conditions show that the adopted algorithm outperforms the corresponding unbiased algorithm (fuzzy c-means) which is being widely used in this type of problems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Grant number: 145602
Generalized Delayed Feedback Model with Post-Click Information in Recommender Systems
Predicting conversion rate (e.g., the probability that a user will purchase
an item) is a fundamental problem in machine learning based recommender
systems. However, accurate conversion labels are revealed after a long delay,
which harms the timeliness of recommender systems. Previous literature
concentrates on utilizing early conversions to mitigate such a delayed feedback
problem. In this paper, we show that post-click user behaviors are also
informative to conversion rate prediction and can be used to improve
timeliness. We propose a generalized delayed feedback model (GDFM) that unifies
both post-click behaviors and early conversions as stochastic post-click
information, which could be utilized to train GDFM in a streaming manner
efficiently. Based on GDFM, we further establish a novel perspective that the
performance gap introduced by delayed feedback can be attributed to a temporal
gap and a sampling gap. Inspired by our analysis, we propose to measure the
quality of post-click information with a combination of temporal distance and
sample complexity. The training objective is re-weighted accordingly to
highlight informative and timely signals. We validate our analysis on public
datasets, and experimental performance confirms the effectiveness of our
method.Comment: NeurIPS'2
Non-local signatures of the chiral magnetic effect in Dirac semimetal BiSb
The field of topological materials science has recently been focussing on
three-dimensional Dirac semimetals, which exhibit robust Dirac phases in the
bulk. However, the absence of characteristic surface states in accidental Dirac
semimetals (DSM) makes it difficult to experimentally verify claims about the
topological nature using commonly used surface-sensitive techniques. The chiral
magnetic effect (CME), which originates from the Weyl nodes, causes an
-dependent chiral charge polarization, which
manifests itself as negative magnetoresistance. We exploit the extended
lifetime of the chirally polarized charge and study the CME through both local
and non-local measurements in Hall bar structures fabricated from single
crystalline flakes of the DSM BiSb. From the non-local
measurement results we find a chiral charge relaxation time which is over one
order of magnitude larger than the Drude transport lifetime, underlining the
topological nature of BiSb.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures + 7 pages of supplemental materia
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