Fluorinated aza-alkenes and related chemistry

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROXIMITY TO THE O-TRAIN STATIONS AND PROPERTY VALUES IN THE CITY OF OTTAWA

Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between proximity to urban rail transit (URT) stations and the value ofresidential property. Most, however, do not employ either a spatial model or a cartographic depiction of their results. This represents a problem insofar as property values tend to vary spatially. To help address this deficiency, this study will examine the relationship between proximity to URT (O-Train) stations in Ottawa, Ontario and property values specifically utilizing a spatial approach. This will be undertaken through the use of spatial and geographically weighted regression (GWR), techniques in a Geographic Information System (GIS). This study is contributing to the literature by developing a GWR model on the project and presenting a cartographic display of the results. Therefore this will not only enhance understanding of the relationship under study but also potentially benefit urban planners and the home-buying public

The Battle of Hastings: A Geographic Perspective

The Battle of Hastings (1066) is one of the most widely studied battles in medieval history. Yet despite the importance that research shows geography to play in the outcome of such conflicts, few studies have examined in detail the landscape of the battle or the role the landscape played in its eventual outcome. This study, consequently, seeks to assess the impact of geographic factors in understanding the events that shaped the Battle of Hastings. The analysis was undertaken using a geographic information system (GIS) with qualitative and quantitative techniques. Historical and current data combined in a series of detailed state of the art maps are used to bring an entirely new perspective to the nearly millennium long literature on the battle. Factors considered in the study included variables associated with mobilization of the respective armies, the topography and land use at the time of and since the battle, population, food/animal sources, metal resources, water, and the location of the battle. The final section of the thesis provides a detailed cartographic discussion of the development of the battle itself. Among the findings of this thesis were that location was indeed important in the mobilization of the armies, that the local topography has not changed significantly since the battle, that the distribution of resources available to the armies varied spatially, and perhaps most importantly, that there may exist at least one viable alternative battle site to that on Battle Hill

Effects of intermittent episodes of social stress on reward-seeking and avoidance behaviors

Undergraduate students: Elizabeth Hewitt, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Minor; Christopher Lemon, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience MinorMajor/Minor:Major: Psychology; Minor: Chemistry, NeuroscienceFaculty advisor: Alberto del Arco, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Sports Recreation Management, School of Applied Scienceshttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/neuro_showcase/1002/thumbnail.jp

The scale-up of microbial batch and fed-batch fermentation processes

Micro-organisms are important for both human health and to industry so the fed-batch cultivation of microbial strains, often over expressing recombinant or natural proteins, to high cell density has become an increasingly important technique throughout the field of biotechnology, from basic research programmes to large-scale pharmaceutical production processes (Hewitt et al., 1999). The scale-up of such a process is usually the final step in any research and development programme leading to the large-scale industrial manufacture of such products by fermentation (Einsele, 1978). It is important to understand that the process of scaling-up a fermentation system is frequently governed by a number of important engineering considerations and not simply a matter of increasing culture and vessel volume. Therefore, it is perhaps surprising when the large-scale does not perform as well as the small-scale laboratory process. It is often observed that the biomass yield and any growth associated products are often decreased on the scale-up of an aerobic process (Enfors et al., 2001). For Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the biomass yield on molasses increased by 7% when the process was scaled-down from 120 m3 to 10 l even when a seemingly identical strain, medium and process were employed (George et al., 1993). In an E. coli fed-batch recombinant protein process, the maximum cell density reached was found to be 20% lower when scaling-up from 3l to 9 m3 and the pattern of acetic acid formation had changed. (Bylund et al., 1998). During another study (Enfors et al., 2001), the performance of a recombinant strain of E. coli during fed-batch culture was found to vary on scale-up from the lab-scale to 10-30 m3 industrial bioreactors. This included lower biomass yields, recombinant protein accumulation and surprisingly perhaps a higher cell viability. These findings are typical of those found when scaling up most fermentation processes yet only a few mechanisms have been presented that can satisfactorily explain these phenomena. In this Chapter, we will briefly discuss the main engineering considerations involved in fermentation scale-up and then critically review those mechanisms thought to be responsible for any detrimental change in bioprocessing at the largerscale. Though it addresses mainly E. coli fed-batch fermentations, much of the discussion also applies to batch and other single celled aerobic microbial fermentations too

Truncation Sampling as Language Model Desmoothing

Long samples of text from neural language models can be of poor quality. Truncation sampling algorithms--like top-$p$ or top-$k$ -- address this by setting some words' probabilities to zero at each step. This work provides framing for the aim of truncation, and an improved algorithm for that aim. We propose thinking of a neural language model as a mixture of a true distribution and a smoothing distribution that avoids infinite perplexity. In this light, truncation algorithms aim to perform desmoothing, estimating a subset of the support of the true distribution. Finding a good subset is crucial: we show that top-$p$ unnecessarily truncates high-probability words, for example causing it to truncate all words but Trump for a document that starts with Donald. We introduce $\eta$-sampling, which truncates words below an entropy-dependent probability threshold. Compared to previous algorithms, $\eta$-sampling generates more plausible long English documents according to humans, is better at breaking out of repetition, and behaves more reasonably on a battery of test distributions.Comment: Findings of EMNLP, + small fixe

How did East Sussex Really Appear in 1066? The Cartographic Evidence

Military history has provided significant insight into the factors determining the outcome of armed conflict through time. At the same time, it often fails to adequately assess variables unrelated to historical accounts per se that may contribute to military outcomes. For example, in 1066, English and Norman forces engaged in a decisive battle near Hastings, U.K. Numerous historical accounts have chronicled this event, using a combination of eyewitness and participant testimony, as well as written records, and art forms. Few, however, have paid significant attention to the role of the local landscape in shaping events. In the case of Hastings, the battlefield itself provides an example of the way in which geography can contribute to our understanding of historical events. By applying environmental sources and a regressive cartographic analysis, this study demonstrates that there is, in fact, considerable evidence to suggest how the landscape appeared back to the time of the battle. This finding is significant, insofar as it opens the door to new research on the Battle of Hastings which may shed additional light on the events that occurred there and the factors that influenced the outcome of this crucial conflict in British history. It also reveals the importance of applying new methodological approaches to traditional disciplines such as history, to deepen and expand existing analysis