15 research outputs found

    Beam characterization of a lab bench cold cathode ultra-soft X-ray generator

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    International audienceThe aim of this work is to characterize the Ultra Soft X-ray (USX, 1.5 keV, Al Kα) photon beam of a customized lab bench cold cathode generator. Within this generator, the electron beam is slowed down in a thin aluminium foil (16 ÎŒm) supported by an easily exchangeable anode. It is shown that the thickness of the foil and the anode configuration determine the spatial distribution and the fluence rate of the photon beam, whereas accelerating voltage determines both fluence rate and energy spectrum feature. It is shown also that under specific operation parameters (i.e. accelerating voltage), a Gaussian energy distribution of the beam can be generated which is centred on the energy of the Al Kα line (1.5 keV). Dosimetric films of GAFCHROMICÂź HD-810 were used to estimate the photon fluence rate distribution of the beam. Its variation, when the generator acts as a monoenergetic source, was characterized with the two different configurations of the anode assembly. Finally, it is verified that the anode assembly consisting in a flat washer, on which the aluminium foil is set, acts as a simple point-source

    Dissociative electron attachment to DNA-diamine thin films: Impact of the DNA close environment on the OH(-) and O(-) decay channels.

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    International audience: We measure the desorption of anions stimulated by the impact of 0-20 eV electrons on highly uniform thin films of plasmid DNA-diaminopropane. The results are accurately correlated with film thickness and composition by AFM and XPS measurements, respectively. Resonant structures in the H(-), O(-), and OH(-) yield functions are attributed to the decay of transient anions into the dissociative electron attachment (DEA) channel. The diamine induces ammonium-phosphate bridges along the DNA backbone, which suppresses the DEA O(-) channel and in counter-part increases considerably the desorption of OH(-). The close environment of the phosphate groups may therefore play an important role in modulating the rate and type of DNA damages induced by low energy electrons

    Reductive unfolding of serum albumine uncovered by Raman spectroscopy

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    International audienceThe reductive unfolding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) is investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The resolution of the S-S Raman band into both protein and oxidized DTT contributions provides a reliable basis for directly monitoring the S-S bridge exchange reaction. The related changes in the protein secondary structure are identified by analyzing the protein amide I Raman band. For the reduction of one S-S bridge of BSA a mean Gibbs free energy of -7 kJ mol-1 is derived by studying the reaction equilibrium. The corresponding value for the HSA S-S bridge reduction is -2 kJ mol-1. The reaction kinetics observed via the S-S or amide I Raman bands are identical giving a reaction rate constant of (1.02 0.11) M-1 s-1 for BSA. The contribution of the conformational Gibbs free energy to the overall Gibbs free energy of reaction is further estimated by combining experimental data with ab initio calculations

    Impact of Water Content on the Electrical Behavior of Epoxy Insulators

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    International audiencePolymers are widely used in indoor insulation. We analyze three epoxy samples with varying matrix and fillerproperties to determine the influence of water on their insulating properties. We observed a strong dependency of the leakage current and the sample temperature, under electrical stress, on the amount of absorbed water. Trihydrated alumina filler reduced the leakage current and temperature rise under electrical stress

    Silicon-Micromachined Gas Chromatographic Columns for the Development of Portable Detection Device

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    8 pagesInternational audienceWe report the fabrication of a gas chromatographic column module integrated on a silicon substrate and usable as a portable measurement device dedicated to the selective detection of various chemical compounds (gas or vapour). PDMS, PEG, and F13- TEOS stationary phases have been prepared in order to coat the inside walls of microchannels. The microcolumn tests were performed with a mixture of hydrocarbons and ketone. After having evaluated the effectiveness of such a separation module, we showed an application by coupling a GC microcolumn with a metal oxide-based gas sensor. The best results were obtained at a low isothermal temperature mode of the GC micro-column (near the ambient temperature). The coupling between the GC microcolumn and ametal oxide gas sensor enables to obtain a rapid, reliable, and selective analysis of various chemical compounds

    Complexation des acides aminĂ©s basiques arginine, histidine et lysine avec l’ADN plasmidique en solution aqueuse : participation Ă  la capture de radicaux sous irradiation X Ă  1,5 keV

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    L’environnement chimique de l’ADN en situation biologique est complexe notam-ment en raison de la prĂ©sence d’histones, protĂ©ines nuclĂ©aires, associĂ©es en quantitĂ© approximativement Ă©gales Ă  l’ADN pour former la chromatine. Les histones possĂšdent de nombreux radicaux basiques arginine et lysine chargĂ©s positivement et dont la majoritĂ© se trouve sur les chaĂźnes Ă©mergentes, l’ADN prĂ©sente quant Ă  lui des charges nĂ©gatives sur ses groupements phosphates localisĂ©s tout au long de la double hĂ©lice. Dans cette Ă©tude, la complexitĂ© de la structure de la chromatine nuclĂ©aire est dans un premier temps mimĂ©e en solution aqueuse par la formation de complexes entre un ADN plasmidique sonde et les trois acides aminĂ©s basiques, Arg, His, Lys, qui, mis Ă  part His, sont protonĂ©s au pH physiologique. Ces acides aminĂ©s libres en solution sont rĂ©putĂ©s ĂȘtre des capteurs efficaces de radicaux libres, notamment pour le radical hydroxyle, confĂ©rant ainsi un pouvoir protecteur vis-Ă -vis des effets indirects sur l’ADN en situation d’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants. A concentration fixĂ©e, les capacitĂ©s de capture des acides aminĂ©s libres, σ, pour le radical hydroxyle sont typiquement les suivantes σHis ≈σArg > σLys (σLys ≈ 0,1 × σArg). Nous avons mesurĂ© les taux de cassures simple brin par plasmide et par Gray (χ) lors d’expositions de solutions aqueuses de complexes [acide aminĂ© – ADN plasmidique] aux rayons X ultra-mous (1,5 keV). A concentrations Ă©gales, les trois acides aminĂ©s complexĂ©s et prĂ©sents en large excĂšs ne manifestent pas une capacitĂ© de protection de l’ADN proportionnelle Ă  leur capacitĂ© de capture libre et en solution ; on trouve en effet des taux de cassures dans l’ordre suivant χHis > χArg > χLys (χLys ≈ 0,01 χArg). AprĂšs avoir dĂ©taillĂ© le mode opĂ©ratoire de ces mesures, nous analyserons sur des bases bibliographiques, les modes spĂ©cifiques d’interaction des acides aminĂ©s basiques avec l’ADN. La spĂ©cificitĂ© des liaisons de l’arginine avec l’ADN et plus particuliĂšrement sa propension Ă  ĂȘtre un ligand bidentate qui se lie aux bases (principalement G) de l’ADN nous permet d’expliquer les taux de cassures simple brin particuliĂšrement Ă©levĂ©s observĂ©s avec Arg. Un mĂ©canisme de transfert de radical intermolĂ©culaire est suggĂ©rĂ© pour Arg. Un raisonnement globalement similaire peut ĂȘtre tenu pour la lysine. Pour l’histidine, nous suggĂ©rons quelques voies possibles qui conduiraient Ă  expliquer les taux de cassure anormalement Ă©levĂ©s observĂ©s, mais cela demandera des expĂ©riences complĂ©mentaires

    Complexation des acides aminĂ©s basiques arginine, histidine et lysine avec l’ADN plasmidique en solution aqueuse : participation Ă  la capture de radicaux sous irradiation X Ă  1,5 keV

    No full text
    L’environnement chimique de l’ADN en situation biologique est complexe notam-ment en raison de la prĂ©sence d’histones, protĂ©ines nuclĂ©aires, associĂ©es en quantitĂ© approximativement Ă©gales Ă  l’ADN pour former la chromatine. Les histones possĂšdent de nombreux radicaux basiques arginine et lysine chargĂ©s positivement et dont la majoritĂ© se trouve sur les chaĂźnes Ă©mergentes, l’ADN prĂ©sente quant Ă  lui des charges nĂ©gatives sur ses groupements phosphates localisĂ©s tout au long de la double hĂ©lice. Dans cette Ă©tude, la complexitĂ© de la structure de la chromatine nuclĂ©aire est dans un premier temps mimĂ©e en solution aqueuse par la formation de complexes entre un ADN plasmidique sonde et les trois acides aminĂ©s basiques, Arg, His, Lys, qui, mis Ă  part His, sont protonĂ©s au pH physiologique. Ces acides aminĂ©s libres en solution sont rĂ©putĂ©s ĂȘtre des capteurs efficaces de radicaux libres, notamment pour le radical hydroxyle, confĂ©rant ainsi un pouvoir protecteur vis-Ă -vis des effets indirects sur l’ADN en situation d’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants. A concentration fixĂ©e, les capacitĂ©s de capture des acides aminĂ©s libres, σ, pour le radical hydroxyle sont typiquement les suivantes σHis ≈σArg > σLys (σLys ≈ 0,1 × σArg). Nous avons mesurĂ© les taux de cassures simple brin par plasmide et par Gray (χ) lors d’expositions de solutions aqueuses de complexes [acide aminĂ© – ADN plasmidique] aux rayons X ultra-mous (1,5 keV). A concentrations Ă©gales, les trois acides aminĂ©s complexĂ©s et prĂ©sents en large excĂšs ne manifestent pas une capacitĂ© de protection de l’ADN proportionnelle Ă  leur capacitĂ© de capture libre et en solution ; on trouve en effet des taux de cassures dans l’ordre suivant χHis > χArg > χLys (χLys ≈ 0,01 χArg). AprĂšs avoir dĂ©taillĂ© le mode opĂ©ratoire de ces mesures, nous analyserons sur des bases bibliographiques, les modes spĂ©cifiques d’interaction des acides aminĂ©s basiques avec l’ADN. La spĂ©cificitĂ© des liaisons de l’arginine avec l’ADN et plus particuliĂšrement sa propension Ă  ĂȘtre un ligand bidentate qui se lie aux bases (principalement G) de l’ADN nous permet d’expliquer les taux de cassures simple brin particuliĂšrement Ă©levĂ©s observĂ©s avec Arg. Un mĂ©canisme de transfert de radical intermolĂ©culaire est suggĂ©rĂ© pour Arg. Un raisonnement globalement similaire peut ĂȘtre tenu pour la lysine. Pour l’histidine, nous suggĂ©rons quelques voies possibles qui conduiraient Ă  expliquer les taux de cassure anormalement Ă©levĂ©s observĂ©s, mais cela demandera des expĂ©riences complĂ©mentaires

    Dissociative Electron Attachment to DNA-Diamine thin films: Impact of the DNA close environment on the OH- and O- Decay Channels

    No full text
    We measure the desorption of anions stimulated by the impact of 0–20 eV electrons on highly uniform thin films of plasmid DNA-diaminopropane. The results are accurately correlated with film thickness and composition by AFM and XPS measurements, respectively. Resonant structures in the H(−), O(−), and OH(−) yield functions are attributed to the decay of transient anions into the dissociative electron attachment (DEA) channel. The diamine induces ammonium-phosphate bridges along the DNA backbone, which suppresses the DEA O(−) channel and in counter-part increases considerably the desorption of OH(−). The close environment of the phosphate groups may therefore play an important role in modulating the rate and type of DNA damages induced by low energy electrons

    Benzene monitoring by micro-machined sensors with SnO2 layer obtained by using micro-droplet deposition technique

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    International audienceSnO2 thin layers were deposited by the way of the micro-droplet technique. The sensor substrate consisted of a thin membrane developed on oxidised silicon wafer. The sensing layers were deposited by means of the micro-droplet technique into thin layers of about 100 nm. Such devices were tested for benzene detection. The obtained results showed a very high sensitivity for this chemical compound since 500 ppb were detected. The results presented in this paper were not focused on the reactional mechanism of benzene detection but rather on the development of a cheap and sensitive sensor using sol-gel and micro-droplet processes. Since these layers were elaborated using solely tin oxide, the as-obtained sensors are not selective but these one are intended to be used by coupling with additional devices such as chromatographic micro-column and micro-pre-concentrators
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