Berufliche Weiterbildung für Arbeitslose - ein Weg zurück in Beschäftigung? : Analyse einer Abgängerkohorte des Jahres 1986 aus Maßnahmen zur Fortbildung und Umschulung mit der ergänzten IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975-1990 (Further vocational training for the unemployed - a way back to employment? : analysis of a cohort of people completing further training and retraining measures in 1986, using the extended IAB employment sample 1975-1990)

"The success of further vocational training and retraining is evaluated in this paper on the basis of a comparison group approach and using a new data source. For this the IAB employment sample was extended to include details about further training and retraining measures. For a cohort of people completing further training or retraining measures in 1986 the authors analyse as an example the effects on the individual labour market success between 1986 and 1990. The access requirements for these measures are reconstructed for the participants of the further training and retraining measures and for a control group. The control group is made up of people who were employed for a short time in the period 1983-1986 and, like the participants in the further training and retraining measures, previously claimed unemployment benefit. By means of a hierarchical matching method, statistical doubles are found for about 90% of all the participants in the further training and retraining measures. On the basis of 985 pairs of participants and comparison persons, event-analytical estimations are made concerning the return to employment subject to social security contributions after a course of further training or retraining or after the period of short-term employment. In addition the determinants of the duration of this first phase of employment are estimated. The results suggest that in the period under examination participation in further training or retraining has a weak positive employment effect for individuals who were unemployed before beginning the training measure if they take up work immediately after the measure. However, further training and retraining have a significantly negative effect - seen in relation to the control group - on remaining in employment. The authors interpret this as a consequence of employment-relevant deficits that can not be influenced by further training or retraining. Further detailed evaluation studies with (extended) business statistics can help to clarify this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))berufliche Reintegration, Beschäftigungseffekte, Weiterbildungsförderung - Erfolgskontrolle, Arbeitslose, IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe

An X-ray Microscopy Study of the Microstructural Effects on Thermal Conductivity in Cast Aluminum-Copper Compounds

A metallurgical joint between aluminum and copper established by compound casting provides for high thermal conductivity, which is required for lightweight cooling solutions in applications such as high-power light-emitting diodes or computer processors. If casting is employed in a silane-doped inert gas atmosphere whose oxygen partial pressure is adequate to extreme high vacuum, reoxidation of the active surfaces of aluminum and copper is prevented, and thus a metallurgical bond can be created directly between aluminum and copper. With this approach, thermal conductivities as high as 88.3 W/m·K were realized. In addition, X-ray microscopy was used to shed light on the microstructure–thermal property relationship. It is demonstrated that both porosity and non-bonded areas have a substantial impact on the thermophysical properties of the compound zone. Based on the data obtained, casting parameters can be developed that provide for defect-free bonding zones and optimal heat transfer between the joining partners

Die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975-1995

Die Verfasser stellen die neue Version der IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe dar, wie sie im Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung vorliegt. Sie geben eine Überblick über den Datenbestand, behandeln die Anonymisierung der vorhandenen Merkmale und demonstrieren anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels (Mobilität in Beschäftigung und aus Beschäftigung in Arbeitslosigkeit) die Leistungsfähigkeit der Datenbasis für detaillierte Analysen. Die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe wird als reichhaltige Datenquelle bewertet, deren Analysepotential durch die gesetzlich geforderten Anonymisierungen nicht beeinträchtigt wird. (ICE

Fluid Flow Simulations of a Large-Scale Borehole Leakage Experiment

Borehole leakage is a common and complex issue. Understanding the fluid flow characteristics of a cemented area inside a borehole is crucial to monitor and quantify the wellbore integrity as well as to find solutions to minimise existing leakages. In order to improve our understanding of the flow behaviour of cemented boreholes, we investigated experimental data of a large-scale borehole leakage tests by means of numerical modelling using three different conceptual models. The experiment was performed with an autoclave system consisting of two vessels bridged by a cement-filled casing. After a partial bleed-off at the well-head, a sustained casing pressure was observed due to fluid flow through the cement–steel composite. The aim of our simulations is to investigate and quantify the permeability of the cement–steel composite. From our model results, we conclude that the flow occurred along a preferential flow path at the cement–steel interface. Thus, the inner part of the cement core was impermeable during the duration of the experiment. The preferential flow path can be described as a highly permeable and highly porous area with an aperture of about 5μm and a permeability of 3⋅10$^{−12}$m$^{2}$ (3 Darcy). It follows that the fluid flow characteristics of a cemented area inside a borehole cannot be described using one permeability value for the entire cement–steel composite. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the quality of the cement and the filling process regarding the cement–steel interface is crucial to minimize possible well leakages

Context Dependent Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Skin Inflammation.

The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) has profoundly influenced the understanding of innate and adaptive immune crosstalk in health and disease. ILC and T cells share developmental and functional characteristics such as the lineage-specifying transcription factors and effector cytokines, but importantly ILC do not display rearranged antigen-specific receptors. Similar to T cells ILC are subdivided into 3 different helper-like subtypes, namely ILC1-3, and a killer-like subtype comprising natural killer (NK) cells. Increasing evidence supports the physiological relevance of ILC, e.g., in wound healing and defense against parasites, as well as their pathogenic role in allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases or psoriasis. Group 2 ILC have been attributed to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis. Other inflammatory skin diseases such as allergic contact dermatitis are profoundly shaped by inflammatory NK cells. This article reviews the role of ILC in allergic skin diseases with a major focus on ILC2. While group 2 ILC are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 dominated inflammation as seen in atopic dermatitis, we have shown that lack of ILC2 in type 1 dominated contact hypersensitivity results in enhanced inflammation, suggesting a regulatory role of ILC2 in this context. We provide a concept of how ILC2 may influence context dependent the mutual counterbalance between type I and type II immune responses in allergic skin diseases

Hot forming of shape memory alloys in steel shells: formability, interface, bonding quality

Metal forming of shape memory alloys (SMA) can be challenging since these are very often brittle due to their intermetallic character. However, formability is often needed not only for realising the desired geometry but also for tailoring the microstructure and the functional properties. To investigate whether the encapsulation in a steel shell can improve the formability of shape memory alloys, Co49Ni21Ga30 and Ni49.5Fe14.5Mn4.0Ga26.0Co6.0 samples were subjected to tensile tests, upsetting, rolling and extrusion. A ferritic steel (1.0503) was used as the shell material. The shell was employed to curtail the formation of tensile stresses in the core, to maintain high temperatures during processing and to prevent oxidation. With this approach, not only forming of the SMA in the steel shell was possible but also an intensive metallurgical bond between the SMA and the steel shell can be achieved during hot rolling or extrusion

An investigation into the association of the physical fitness of equestrians and their riding performance : a cross-sectional study

Poor riding performance may be due to medical issues with the horse or a variety of other factors, such as inadequate equipment or deficiencies in training. The physical fitness of the equestrian is one of the most unexplained factors of current research. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the physical fitness of the equestrian and riding performance. 115 equestrians were assessed for physical fitness and riding performance. Seven components of physical fitness (balance, endurance, flexibility, reaction, speed, strength, symmetry) were measured by a physiotherapist using equestrian-specific tests. Based on a video-recorded riding test, individual riding performance was rated by two equestrian judges. The riding test included the horse and rider performing a walk, sitting trot, rising trot and canter in both directions. A linear model for riding performance, including the domains of physical fitness and potential confounders (body-mass-index, riding experience, hours of riding per week, and test-motivation), was fitted to the data. Inter-rater reliability of the judges was investigated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Endurance, reaction and strength were positively associated with riding performance, whereas flexibility had a negative association. The final model could explain 16.7% of the variance in riding performance. The effects of endurance and strength were significant (P<0.05), but not that of reaction. No association with riding performance was found for the components of balance, speed and symmetry. The inter-rater reliability of judges was confirmed to be ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ (ICC=0.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.93). Findings suggest that physical fitness is positively associated with riding performance. Fitness-training for equestrians should be included in current training concepts. Future research should investigate whether similar associations exist for junior and elite athletes

Two-Dimensional Distance Correlation Maps from Pulsed Triple Electron Resonance (TRIER) on Proteins with Three Paramagnetic Centers

Pribitzer S, Ibanez LF, Gmeiner C, et al. Two-Dimensional Distance Correlation Maps from Pulsed Triple Electron Resonance (TRIER) on Proteins with Three Paramagnetic Centers. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE. 2018;49(11):1253-1279