Genetic differentiation in the soil-feeding termite Cubitermes sp. affinis subarquatus: occurrence of cryptic species revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers

BACKGROUND: Soil-feeding termites are particularly interesting models for studying the effects of fragmentation, a natural or anthropic phenomenon described as promoting genetic differentiation. However, studying the link between fragmentation and genetics requires a method for identifying species unambiguously, especially when morphological diagnostic characters are lacking. In humivorous termites, which contribute to the fertility of tropical soils, molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are rarely studied, though mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers are widely used in studies of pest termites. Here, we attempt to clarify the taxonomy of soil-feeding colonies collected throughout the naturally fragmented Lopé Reserve area (Gabon) and morphologically affiliated to Cubitermes sp. affinis subarquatus. The mitochondrial gene of cytochrome oxidase II (COII), the second nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and five microsatellites were analyzed in 19 colonies. RESULTS: Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony phylogenetic analyses, which were applied to the COII and ITS2 sequences, and Neighbor-Joining reconstructions, applied to the microsatellite data, reveal four major lineages in the Cubitermes sp. affinis subarquatus colonies. The concordant genealogical pattern of these unlinked markers strongly supports the existence of four cryptic species. Three are sympatric in the Reserve and are probably able to disperse within a mosaic of forests of variable ages and savannahs. One is limited to a very restricted gallery forest patch located in the North, outside the Reserve. CONCLUSION: Our survey highlights the value of combined mitochondrial and nuclear markers for exploring unknown groups such as soil-feeding termites, and their relevance for resolving the taxonomy of organisms with ambiguous morphological diagnostic characters

Les zoonoses aviaires

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Conseils vétérinaires à l'officine (la reproduction chez le chien et le chat)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

L'aoûtat, Trombicula autumnalis (un acarien fréquent et pourtant méconnu)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pharmacie vétérinaire (les cas comptoir rencontrés en officine)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Variabilité génétique et circulation des Pneumocystis dans les populations de primates non humains

Les micro-organismes du genre Pneumocystis sont des champignons opportunistes responsables de graves pneumonies chez les mammifères, en particulier chez les primates. Au cours du travail de thèse, nous avons caractérisé la variabilité génétique des Pneumocystis. La comparaison de la phylogénie des Pneumocystis avec celle des primates fournit un excellent modèle de cospéciation. La proximité phylogénétique entre les Pneumocystis de singes et le Pneumocystis de l homme révèle l intérêt du modèle simien pour l étude de l épidémiologie de la pneumocystose humaine. Durant 2 ans, le suivi mensuel d un groupe social de macaques (Macaca fascicularis) a permis de mettre en évidence une circulation intense des Pneumocystis. La transmission des champignons s effectuerait plutôt de manière horizontale entre les jeunes macaques et semble être favorisée par les contacts entre les singes. Le taux de portage étant significativement corrélé à la pluviométrie, l hypothèse d une source environnementale de microorganismes infectieux ne peut être exclue.PARIS12-CRETEIL BU Multidisc. (940282102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les Nouveaux Animaux de Compagnie (NACs) (quels risques sanitaires chez l'homme ?)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Alphacoronaviruses Detected in French Bats Are Phylogeographically Linked to Coronaviruses of European Bats

Bats are a reservoir for a diverse range of viruses, including coronaviruses (CoVs). To determine the presence of CoVs in French bats, fecal samples were collected between July and August of 2014 from four bat species in seven different locations around the city of Bourges in France. We present for the first time the presence of alpha-CoVs in French Pipistrellus pipistrellus bat species with an estimated prevalence of 4.2%. Based on the analysis of a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, phylogenetic analyses show that alpha-CoVs sequences detected in French bats are closely related to other European bat alpha-CoVs. Phylogeographic analyses of RdRp sequences show that several CoVs strains circulate in European bats: (i) old strains detected that have probably diverged a long time ago and are detected in different bat subspecies; (ii) strains detected in Myotis and Pipistrellus bat species that have more recently diverged. Our findings support previous observations describing the complexity of the detected CoVs in bats worldwide

Genetic differentiation in the soil-feeding termite <it>Cubitermes </it>sp. <it>affinis subarquatus</it>: occurrence of cryptic species revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers

Abstract Background Soil-feeding termites are particularly interesting models for studying the effects of fragmentation, a natural or anthropic phenomenon described as promoting genetic differentiation. However, studying the link between fragmentation and genetics requires a method for identifying species unambiguously, especially when morphological diagnostic characters are lacking. In humivorous termites, which contribute to the fertility of tropical soils, molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are rarely studied, though mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers are widely used in studies of pest termites. Here, we attempt to clarify the taxonomy of soil-feeding colonies collected throughout the naturally fragmented Lopé Reserve area (Gabon) and morphologically affiliated to Cubitermes sp. affinis subarquatus. The mitochondrial gene of cytochrome oxidase II (COII), the second nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and five microsatellites were analyzed in 19 colonies. Results Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony phylogenetic analyses, which were applied to the COII and ITS2 sequences, and Neighbor-Joining reconstructions, applied to the microsatellite data, reveal four major lineages in the Cubitermes sp. affinis subarquatus colonies. The concordant genealogical pattern of these unlinked markers strongly supports the existence of four cryptic species. Three are sympatric in the Reserve and are probably able to disperse within a mosaic of forests of variable ages and savannahs. One is limited to a very restricted gallery forest patch located in the North, outside the Reserve. Conclusion Our survey highlights the value of combined mitochondrial and nuclear markers for exploring unknown groups such as soil-feeding termites, and their relevance for resolving the taxonomy of organisms with ambiguous morphological diagnostic characters.</p

Data from: Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of Primate-Derived Pneumocystis Based on Mitochondrial or Nuclear DNA Sequence Comparison

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