The outcome of acute schistosomiasis infection in adult mice with postnatal exposure to maternal malnutrition

Maternal malnutrition during the lactation period in early development may have long-term programming effects on adult offspring. We evaluated the combined effects of parasitological behaviour and histopathological features and malnutrition during lactation. Lactating mice and their pups were divided into a control group (fed a normal diet of 23% protein), a protein-restricted group (PR) (fed a diet containing 8% protein) and a caloric-restricted group (CR) (fed according to the PR group intake). At the age of 60 days, the offspring were infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and killed at nine weeks post-infection. Food intake, body and liver masses, leptinaemia, corticosteronaemia, collagen morphometry and neogenesis and the cellular composition of liver granulomas were studied. PR offspring showed reduced weight gain and hypophagia, whereas CR offspring became overweight and developed hyperphagia. The pre-patent period was longer (45 days) in both programmed offspring as compared to controls (40 days). The PR-infected group had higher faecal and intestinal egg output and increased liver damage. The CR-infected group showed a lower number of liver granulomas, increased collagen neogenesis and a higher frequency of binucleate hepatocytes, suggesting a better modulation of the inflammatory response and increased liver regeneration. Taken together, our findings suggest that neonatal malnutrition of offspring during lactation affects the outcome of schistosomiasis in mice

Identifying weaknesses to develop capabilities: continuing education guides healthcare professionals in caring for the population during the implementation of the contingency plan for dengue

Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T17:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 3.pdf: 123645 bytes, checksum: c074ccb3f3fba28526457c2a110918a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Universidade Gama Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Gama Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Centro Municipal de Saúde Doutor Carlos Gentile de Mello. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Gama Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Mesmo com a quantidade de informações disponíveis, as pessoas continuam sofrendo com o dengue. O objetivo deste trabalho foi efetuar uma avaliação participativa com profissionais, eleger tutores do dengue e implantar um núcleo de educação permanente, visando auxiliar na contingência do dengue numa Unidade Básica de Saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Fizeram parte do estudo 60 profissionais de saúde que prestam atendimento diretamente à população vulnerável. Os discursos dos sujeitos evidenciam o papel social que eles têm nas relações com a comunidade, formando um elo entre o profissional, o serviço de saúde e a população atendida. Verificamos que essa concepção possibilita uma mudança no cuidado à saúde das pessoas, família e comunidade, passando a ser um cuidado mais voltado para as ações de vigilância à saúde, o que leva à integralidade no cuidado do paciente. Os profissionais passam a entender o lugar da prática na configuração de novos saberes. Concluímos que a educação permanente é uma necessidade fundamental para os profissionais que atuam nesta área. Iniciativas de capacitação da equipe de saúde podem contribuir para detectar pontos conceituais significativos que ainda precisam de atenção para favorecer a melhoria na contingência de doenças que atingem a população brasileira.Even with a large amount of available information, people are still suffering from dengue. The aim of this study was to perform a participatory evaluation with healthcare professionals, to elect dengue teachers and to implement a core continuing education program to assist a Basic Health Unit in Rio de Janeiro with their contingency plan to combat dengue. Sixty healthcare professionals who provided health care directly to a vulnerable population participated in the study. The subjects' responses indicated that the play a social role in the community as a link between professionals, healthcare services and the assisted population. We found that this role enables a change in the way healthcare is provided to individuals, families and communities: it becomes more focused on health surveillance actions, thus leading to integrality in patient care. Healthcare professionals come to understand the role of this type of practice in the configuration of new knowledge. We conclude that continuing education is a fundamental requirement for professionals who work in this area. Training initiatives for the healthcare team can help detect significant conceptual issues that need attention and further improve the contingency plan for diseases affecting the Brazilian population

A high-fat diet associated with acute schistosomiasis mansoni causes disorganization in splenic architecture in mice

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-04-06T17:27:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renata2_neves_etal_IOC-2012.pdf: 832961 bytes, checksum: 83d7f29bf7e0f0f30392a457d2710ee1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-04-06T20:29:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renata2_neves_etal_IOC-2012.pdf: 832961 bytes, checksum: 83d7f29bf7e0f0f30392a457d2710ee1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T20:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renata2_neves_etal_IOC-2012.pdf: 832961 bytes, checksum: 83d7f29bf7e0f0f30392a457d2710ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Gama Filho. Laboratório de Patologia Experimental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.To date, the effect of the changes promoted by hypercholesterolemia and experimental schistosomiasis infection on splenic architecture has remained elusive. In this paper, we compared spleen from control and infected mice fed either high-fat (29% lipids) or standard diet (12% lipids), assessing spleen volume by liquid displacement and splenic disorganization by histopathology, morphometry and stereology. Infected mice showed higher spleen volume than in corresponding uninfected mice (P<0.05). The white pulp compartment was reduced, red pulp and germinal center were enhanced (P<0.01). Microscopic examination showed cellular infiltrates characterized by polymorfonuclear cells, with intensive lymphocytic mitosis and Mott cells. Hemosiderin deposits tended to be in less extent in infected mice compared with uninfected controls. The red pulp compartment showed a significantly (P<0.05) increased average number of megakaryocytes compared with uninfected mice, which may be associated with hematopoietic reconstitution. High-fat fed mice showed larger white pulp than controls (P<0.05). Standard fed mice showed exudative-productive granuloma distributed only sparsely in the red pulp, whereas a tissue reaction characterized by a cell infiltration in high-fat fed mice was found. The results of the present study suggest that there is a significant relationship between high-fat diet intake and splenic disorganization such as a decrease in the numerical density of white pulp and, red pulp and germinal center hyperplasia. Such structural disorganization due to co-morbidites (schistosomiasis and dyslipidemia) may affect the microenvironments of the spleen that are necessary for the generation of immune responses to antigens

The outcome of acute schistosomiasis infection in adult mice with postnatal exposure to maternal malnutrition

Maternal malnutrition during the lactation period in early development may have long-term programming effects on adult offspring. We evaluated the combined effects of parasitological behaviour and histopathological features and malnutrition during lactation. Lactating mice and their pups were divided into a control group (fed a normal diet of 23% protein), a protein-restricted group (PR) (fed a diet containing 8% protein) and a caloric-restricted group (CR) (fed according to the PR group intake). At the age of 60 days, the offspring were infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and killed at nine weeks post-infection. Food intake, body and liver masses, leptinaemia, corticosteronaemia, collagen morphometry and neogenesis and the cellular composition of liver granulomas were studied. PR offspring showed reduced weight gain and hypophagia, whereas CR offspring became overweight and developed hyperphagia. The pre-patent period was longer (45 days) in both programmed offspring as compared to controls (40 days). The PR-infected group had higher faecal and intestinal egg output and increased liver damage. The CR-infected group showed a lower number of liver granulomas, increased collagen neogenesis and a higher frequency of binucleate hepatocytes, suggesting a better modulation of the inflammatory response and increased liver regeneration. Taken together, our findings suggest that neonatal malnutrition of offspring during lactation affects the outcome of schistosomiasis in mice

Occurrence of Capillaria sp. in the liver of sheep (Ovis aries ) in a slaughterhouse in the state of Acre, Brazil

<div><p>Abstract Although sheep farming has grown in the state of Acre over the past four decades, little is known about occurrences of helminthiases in the herds of this region. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrences of non-intestinal helminthiasis among sheep slaughtered in Rio Branco. A total of 110 sheep livers were inspected from two slaughter batches (july 2014 and march 2015) in a slaughterhouse in Rio Branco. Livers with macroscopic lesions were photographed and were then subjected to histopathological analysis under an optical microscope. The macroscopic lesions showed small nodes with inflammatory characteristics and areas of fibrosis, which appeared to be calcified, thus suggesting a granulomatous reaction. Of the 110 evaluated livers, we noticed 110 nodules in total; these nodules have an average size of 0.5 cm. The histopathological analysis showed alterations to the architecture of the hepatic lobe, with multiple foci of necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells. Two samples revealed the presence of helminths from Nematode class and Capillaria sp. eggs identified by the typical morphology and morphometry. This seems to be the first report of Capillaria sp. in sheep livers in Brazil, and it serves as an important alert regarding animal health surveillance and control and regarding the Capillaria sp. zoonotic role in humans.</p></div