Le fichier général des militaires de l'armée française décédés au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale

Le Bureau des archives des victimes des conflits contemporains (BAVCC) conserve, à Caen (Calvados), sous l'autorité du département interarmées ministériel et interministériel (DIMI) du Service historique de la Défense (SHD), sur 204 mètres linéaires, le fichier nominatif de près d' 1 400 000 militaires de l'armée française, décédés entre le 3 août 1914 et le 1er juin 1919 . Il s'agit d'un fichier patronymique, d'abord à usage administratif, composé de trois éléments distincts selon que la me..

Determination of the Boltzmann constant by laser spectroscopy as a basis for future measurements of the thermodynamic temperature

In this paper, we present the latest results on the measurement of the Boltzmann constant kB, by laser spectroscopy of ammonia at 10 ?m. The Doppler absorption profile of a ro-vibrational line of an NH3 gas sample at thermal and pressure equilibrium is measured as accurately as possible. The absorption cell is placed inside a large 1m3 thermostat filled with an ice-water mixture, which sets the temperature very close to 273.15 K. Analysing this profile, which is related to the Maxwell-Boltzmann molecular speed distribution, leads to a determination of the Boltzmann constant via a measurement of the Doppler width (proportional tosqrt(kBT)). A spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant with an uncertainty as low as 37 ppm is obtained. Recent improvements with a new passive thermostat lead to a temperature accuracy, stability and homogeneity of the absorption cell better than 1 ppm over a day

Evidence for speed-dependent effects in NH3 self-broadened spectra: towards a new determination of the Boltzmann constant

In this paper we present an accurate analysis of the shape of an isolated rovibrational ammonia line from the strong nu2 band around 10 $\mu$m, recorded by laser absorption spectroscopy. Experimental spectra obtained under controlled temperature and pressure, are confronted to various models that take into account Dicke narrowing or speed-dependent effects. Our results show clear evidence for speed-dependent broadening and shifting, which had never been demonstrated so far in NH3. Accurate lineshape parameters of the nu2 saQ(6,3) line are obtained. Our current project aiming at measuring the Boltzmann constant, kB, by laser spectroscopy will straight away benefit from such knowledge. We anticipate that a first optical determination of kB with a competitive uncertainty of a few ppm is now reachable.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Measurement of the Boltzmann constant by the Doppler broadening technique at a 3,8x10-5 accuracy level

In this paper, we describe an experiment performed at the Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers and dedicated to an optical measurement of the Boltzmann constant. With the proposed innovative technique, determining comes down to an ordinary frequency measurement. The method consists in measuring as accurately as possible the Doppler absorption profile of a rovibrational line of ammonia in thermal equilibrium. This profile is related to the Maxwell-Boltzmann molecular velocity distribution along the laser beam. A fit of the absorption line shape leads to a determination of the Doppler width proportional to sqrt(kT) and thus to a determination of the Boltzmann constant. The laser source is an ultra-stable CO2 laser with a wavelength . The absorption cell is placed in a thermostat keeping the temperature at 273.15 K within 1.4 mK. We were able to measure with a relative uncertainty as small as 3.8x10-5, which represents an improvement of an order of magnitude for an integration time comparable to our previous measurement published in 2007 [1

A revised uncertainty budget for measuring the Boltzmann constant using the Doppler Broadening Technique on ammonia

We report on our on-going effort to measure the Boltzmann constant, kB, using the Doppler Broadening Technique. The main systematic effects affecting the measurement are discussed. A revised error budget is presented in which the global uncertainty on systematic effects is reduced to 2.3 ppm. This corresponds to a reduction of more than one order of magnitude compared to our previous Boltzmann constant measurement. Means to reach a determination of kB at the part per million accuracy level are outlined

Accurate determination of the Boltzmann constant by Doppler spectroscopy: Towards a new definition of the kelvin

proceedings of the ICAP 2012 conference (23rd International Conference on Atomic Physics)International audienceAccurate molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region allows precision measurements of fundamental constants. For instance, measuring the linewidth of an isolated Doppler-broadened absorption line of ammonia around 10 µm enables a determination of the Boltzmann constant k B. We report on our latest measurements. By fitting this lineshape to several models which include Dicke narrowing or speed-dependent collisional effects, we find that a determination of k B with an uncertainty of a few ppm is reachable. This is comparable to the best current uncertainty obtained using acoustic methods and would make a significant contribution to any new value of k B determined by the CODATA. Furthermore, having multiple independent measurements at these accuracies opens the possibility of defining the kelvin by fixing k B , an exciting prospect considering the upcoming redefinition of the International System of Units

Adaptive facade systems - review of performance requirements, design approaches, use cases and market needs

The paper reflects the work of COST Action TU1403 Workgroup 3/Task group 1. The aim is to identify research needs from a review of the state of the art of three aspects related to adaptive facade systems: (1) dynamic performance requirements; (2) facade design under stochastic boundary conditions and (3) experiences with adaptive facade systems and market needs

Cell distribution after intracoronary bone marrow stem cell delivery in damaged and undamaged myocardium: implications for clinical trials

International audienceABSTRACT : INTRODUCTION : Early randomized clinical trials of autologous bone marrow cardiac stem cell therapy have reported contradictory results highlighting the need for a better evaluation of protocol designs. This study was designed to quantify and compare whole body and heart cell distribution after intracoronary or peripheral intravenous injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model with late reperfusion. METHODS : Myocardial infarction was induced using balloon inflation in the left coronary artery in domestic pigs. At seven days post-myocardial infarction, 1 x 10(8) autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells were labeled with fluorescent marker and/or 99mTc radiotracer, and delivered using intracoronary or peripheral intravenous injection (leg vein). RESULTS : Scintigraphic analyses and Upsilon-emission radioactivity counting of harvested organs showed a significant cell fraction retained within the heart after intracoronary injection (6 +/- 1.7% of injected radioactivity at 24 hours), whereas following peripheral intravenous cell injection, no cardiac homing was observed at 24 hours and cells were mainly detected within the lungs. Importantly, no difference was observed in the percentage of retained cells within the myocardium in the presence or absence of myocardial infarction. Histological evaluation did not show arterial occlusion in both animal groups and confirmed the presence of bone marrow mononuclear cells within the injected myocardium area. CONCLUSIONS : Intravenous bone marrow mononuclear cell injection was ineffective to target myocardium. Myocardial cell distribution following intracoronary injection did not depend on myocardial infarction presence, a factor that could be useful for cardiac cell therapy in patients with chronic heart failure of non-ischemic origin or with ischemic myocardium without myocardial infarction

Teaching Real-Time Scheduling Analysis with Cheddar

National audienceThis article is a presentation of the Cheddar toolset.Cheddar is a GPL open-source scheduling analysis tool.It has been designed and distributed to allow students to understand the main concepts of the real-time scheduling theory.The tool is built around a simplified ADL (Architecture Description Language)devoted to real-time scheduling theory. Students can directly build their real-time systems models with this ADL andits associated editor, however, it is expected that they use modeling tools to illustrate how scheduling analysis fits in an engineering process.In this article, we introduce the Cheddar ADL and the scheduling analysis features of Cheddar. We alsopresent how Cheddar is implemented and how it can be adapted to specific requirements.Two examples of use of Cheddar are then described.Finally, in the annex of this article, teachers may find a sample of hand-outs that may be used to illustrate real-time scheduling theory with their students