The Elusive Exercise of Jurisdiction over Air Transportation Between the United States and South Korea

Contrary to the decision reached by the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Chubb & Son, Inc. v. Asiana Airlines, the federal courts should be permitted to exercise subject matter jurisdiction over the international transportation of goods by air between South Korea and the United States. Applying general principles of treaty interpretation under customary international law confirms that treaty relations under the Warsaw Convention exist between the two countries by way of the United States\u27 adherence to that treaty, and South Korea\u27s adherence to the Hague Protocol. Since federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising under U.S. treaties, the district court was vested with treaty jurisdiction and the case should have been decided according to the terms of the Warsaw Convention. Furthermore, even in the absence of actual treaty relations, the question as to whether or not treaty relations existed was sufficient to support federal question jurisdiction. As a result, the court had discretion to rule on related claims, even after the dismissal of the treaty claim

Evidence for middle Miocene elevated topography isolating the southern Klamath mountains province: a u-pb & lu-hf detrital zircon study of the Weaverville formation

The Klamath Mountains Province (KMP) records a robust history of active North American margin tectonics and crustal growth through the subduction-accretion of oceanic and island-arc terranes spanning Devonian through Cretaceous time. However, preservation of Cenozoic rocks is minimal, rendering the geologic record, topography, and tectonics during this timeframe difficult to reconstruct. The only Miocene terrestrial sedimentary unit that exists in the KMP is the fluvially deposited Tertiary Weaverville Formation (Tw) that is preserved in five fault-bounded basins in the southern part of the province. This study presents new uranium-lead (U-Pb) age data and epsilon hafnium (εHf) isotopic ratios from detrital zircons from the Tw from four of the five basins (Weaverville, Lowden Ranch, Hayfork, and Hyampom basins) to determine provenance source, reconstruct Miocene topography, and constrain depositional age of the Tw. The majority of Tw detrital zircons (n=700) are Mesozoic in age (88%) with the bulk of ages between ~130-224 Ma. Precambrian and Paleozoic ages range between ~275 Ma to 2.79 Ga (~11.7%). These ages are likely sourced from KMP bedrock terranes. A unique detrital zircon age signature is ~400 Ma, which can be explained by exhumation of the Trinity ultramafic sheet via activity on the La Grange detachment fault. Select εHf values across a range of ages in the Tw also match local KMP sources. This study also presents new U-Pb detrital zircon age data and εHf isotopic ratios from two additional units: 1) a Great Valley Group sandstone from the Reading Creek basin, and 2) a northern Klamath Mountains fluvial terrace deposit that is hypothesized to be Pliocene in age. Overall, evidence presented in this study suggests three new findings: 1) A new mid-Miocene maximum depositional age for the upper fluvial section of the Tw based on two U-Pb detrital zircon ages of 10.6 ± 0.2 Ma and 16.7 ± 0.1 Ma in the Lowden Ranch basin that are presumably ash fall from the Cascade volcanic arc, 2) The southern KMP was topographically isolated, preventing fluvial deposition of common regional sources from outside of the KMP during the mid-Miocene (e.g., Idaho or Sierra Nevada batholiths), and 3) The southern KMP experienced post-mid-Miocene watershed reorganization, possibly due to changes in topographic development influenced by the northward migration of the southern plate boundary of Cascadia. These new data also support interpretations of previous studies: 1) Basins containing Tw sediments formed syn-post deposition from local KMP sources and Tw basins show variability of source contribution and suggest each basin accumulated independently from multiple localized sources and fluvial directions, and 2) Deposition of the Tw was coeval with La Grange fault activity

Composition Effects on Sheen and Spread Rate of an Interior Flat, One Coat Latex Paint Formulation

Interior flat, white latex paint is a common coating applied to walls around the world. Development of a coating with one coat hide capability is a pinnacle achievement for paint formulators as it has the potential to save consumers both time and money. One coat paints already exist on the market, but they are limited in color, coverage, and often have many disclaimers. Work done was part of a project initiated by ChemoursTM Titanium Technologies. The goal of the project presented in this article was to create an interior flat, white latex paint that yields a spread rate of greater than 400 ft2/gal., which is advertised by many below critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) commercial paints. In order to achieve this goal, an above CPVC paint with a high TiO2 content was created and continuously improved. Improvement of the formulation involved numerous experimental variations including adjustments to the hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) molecular weight, dispersant chemistry, latex chemistry, TiO2 concentration, extender package, and rheology modifier type. The sheen value, relative light scattering, and spread rate were the main measurements conducted in order to judge formulation improvement. Complications with the spread rate procedure forced its adaptation in order to collect less variable data with the high density, shear thinning formulations. It was found that shorter opacity charts yielded more precise spread rate data than the longer opacity charts. An attempt at correlating rheology with sheen development resulted in the conclusion that the pigment and extender particle package is the greatest driving factor behind sheen reduction. The rheology modifier type and dispersant chemistry did not affect the flatness of the paint nearly as much. A Keyence VR-3000 series One-Shot 3D Measuring Macroscope was used to show that surface roughness does not directly correlate to the sheen value when a number of flat paints with different sheens were analyzed. This project is an ongoing effort and the information contained in this document will substantially help future development

Effects of Dietary Adaptation Programs on Feedlot Cattle Performance and Evaluation of Ruminal Monitoring Devices in an Acidosis Challenge

Objective was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of one hundred forty-four steers fed two diets and two adaptation methods over a 28 d period of adaptation to the finishing diet. Pens were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: traditional diet (TRAD) using the forage step-down (STEP) method, TRAD diet using the two-ration blending (2RB) method, wet distiller's grains with solubles (WDGS) diet (DG) using a WDGS step-down method (STEP), and DG diet using the 2RB method. During adaptation, steers fed DG had lower (P < 0.01) BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F than steers fed TRAD. Over the entire feeding period, steers fed DG adapted using STEP and those fed TRAD adapted using 2RB had greater ADG compared to steers fed TRAD adapted using STEP and steers fed DG adapted using 2RB (P < 0.01). Greater DMI were achieved for steers fed TRAD compared to steers fed DG (P < 0.01); however, there was no effect of adaptation diet or method on feed efficiency during the entire feeding period (P &le 0.71). Steers adapted using STEP had greater marbling scores compared to steers adapted using 2RB (P = 0.04). Results show diet type has an effect on the best method of adaptation; however, sulfur levels of the DG diet may have played a role in decreased performance. Steers fed DG during adaptation recovered in the subsequent feed period, performing similar to steers adapted using TRAD. A second experiment was conducted to determine the effects of an acidosis challenge on ruminal pH and temperature using ruminal pH and temperature monitoring devices. Twelve ruminally cannulated steers were offered the control diet at 2% BW/d prior to the challenge and starting 24 h after the challenge. Challenges were ruminal dosing of 2% BW of 65% concentrate diet (CON), a mixture of 50:50 dry rolled corn: wet distillers grains (DG/DRC), or 100% dry rolled corn (DRC) at 0 h. Bolus readings for ruminal pH (RpH) and ruminal temperature (RT) were recorded every minute for 72 h after dosing and compiled in 3 h increments for repeated measure analysis. Rumen pH was taken manually every 3 h for 72 h after dosing and analyzed with a repeated measures analysis. There were significant interactions of treatment h (P = 0.05), treatment day (P = 0.02) and day h (P = 0.03) for RpH. Main effects of treatment and d were not significant (P &le 0.48) for RT, however, there was a quadratic response (P < 0.01) at h 9 through 21, h 15 (39.64 &deg C) having greater RT (P < 0.01) compared to h 0 levels of RpH 5.2 and 5.6. These results indicate that increased availability of highly fermentable substrates in the rumen result in decreases in RpH and increases in RT. However, the type of fermentable substrate may change the relationship between rumen temperature and pH, particularly when substrates such as distiller's grains that have a low pH are included in the diet.Department of Animal Scienc

Improving the Conversion in Fluidised Beds with Secondary Injection

The effect of secondary injection on the performance of a fluidised bed reactor has been studied. A modified Kunii and Levenspiel model was used to predict the effect on conversion and indicates that the reduction in bubble size caused by secondary injection results in a significant increase. This effect was confirmed experimentally, although the model appears to underestimate the experimental values

Washington State&apos;s adoption of a child welfare practice model: An illustration of the Getting To Outcomes implementation framework

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Despite a great need for evidence-informed practices in child welfare, very few child welfare systems have implemented evidence-based case management models state-wide. While the literature on implementation from the perspective of model developers and researchers is steadily increasing, there has been little attention to the process of implementation originating from the reverse direction, by community organizations themselves, or with regard to going-to-scale implementation in child welfare. The Getting to Outcomes (GTO) model, which was originally created to help organizations choose and implement prevention programs, is a promising guide for child welfare systems seeking to initiate system-wide implementation of evidence-based practices. The GTO framework provides a step-by-step guide for surveying a system, building motivation, training, and evaluation. This article will illustrate the state-wide implementation of Solution-Based Casework (SBC), an evidence-based model of case management, by Washington State&apos;s Children&apos;s Administration, following the GTO framework. Despite some barriers and obstacles, the GTO model proved to be feasible and to aide in the implementation of SBC. Implications for the GTO model as a framework for empowering community organizations to choose and implement relevant evidence-based practices will be discussed

Distributed modeling of ablation (1996–2011) and climate sensitivity on the glaciers of Taylor Valley, Antarctica

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica host the coldest and driest ecosystem on Earth, which is acutely sensitive to the availability of water coming from glacial runoff. We modeled the spatial variability in ablation and assessed climate sensitivity of the glacier ablation zones using 16 years of meteorological and surface mass-balance observations collected in Taylor Valley. Sublimation was the primary form of mass loss over much of the ablation zones, except for near the termini where melt, primarily below the surface, dominated. Microclimates in ~10 m scale topographic basins generated melt rates up to ten times higher than over smooth glacier surfaces. In contrast, the vertical terminal cliffs on the glaciers can have higher or lower melt rates than the horizontal surfaces due to differences in incoming solar radiation. The model systematically underpredicted ablation for the final 5 years studied, possibly due to an increase of windblown sediment. Surface mass-balance sensitivity to temperature was ~−0.02 m w.e. K−1, which is among the smallest magnitudes observed globally. We also identified a high sensitivity to ice albedo, with a decrease of 0.02 having similar effects as a 1 K increase in temperature, and a complex sensitivity to wind speed

Enhanced permeability due to apparent oil/brine slippage in limestone and its dependence on wettability

Acknowledgments This material includes work supported by a Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts Foundation grant and an Aberdeen Formation Evaluation Society scholarship. M.C. was supported by a University of Aberdeen College of Physical Sciences studentship. The authors gratefully acknowledge Amer Syed for his assistance with the assembly and maintenance of the coreflood rigs, Jim Anderson for helpful discussions, and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. All data used in this study will be made available from the corresponding author upon request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD