Chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Case Report

In health there is a balance between the coagulation and anti-coagulation systems, but in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) the coagulation mechanism is activated inappropriately and in a diffuse way. This may lead to thrombosis, but more often haemorrhage occurs when the clotting factors are exhausted. DIC may present as acute, subacute, and rarely chronic form. Here we present a case of chronic DIC following pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as a consequence of repeated menstruation regulation (MR). We treated her with fresh frozen plasma, fresh blood, doxycycline with significant clinical improvement.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3696 BSMMU J 2008; 1(1): 33-3

STUDY OF PROBIOTICS ON THE SEED PRODUCTION OF BLACK TIGER SHRIMP Penaeus monodon

Currently, antibiotics are widely used in shrimp hatcheries to control bacterial infections. Appearance of antibiotic resistant pathogens and restriction on the use of antibiotics have led to the development of alternatives to antibiotics in hatchery systems. In light of this, an attempt was undertaken to investigate the effects of probiotics on the larval rearing of Penaeus monodon, compared with control tanks (without probiotics). The results showed that several issues significantly improved with administering probiotics in the experimental tanks compared with the tanks without probiotics. For example, the concentration of ammonia was estimated to be 1.25 mg/L that was less than half of what was measured in the control tanks. The size variation was observed more in the control tanks than in the experimental tanks. Moreover, the muscle gut ratio of PL15 was about 85 to 92% in the probiotic treated tank and 70 to 80% in the control tank during the eight cycles of production. The fouling organisms were more in the control tank compared to the experimental tanks. The average length of PL15 was maximum when reared in the experimental tanks compared to the control tanks. The final survival rate of PL15 from the control and experimental tank was 35 and 52%, respectively. The present investigation indicated that probiotics played an important role in the growth, survival and health status of P. monodon larvae

Does Microcredit Bring the Women into Economic World: Evidence from Bangladesh

The empowerment, entrepreneurship and education are the most imperative issues among women to develop the country. Micro credit is one of the effective tools to eradicate poverty among poor people through enhancing women empowerment, enhancing the entrepreneurial activities and improving education level for both men and women. It has initiated the schemes to encourage entrepreneurial activities along with developing education level and enhance the women empowerment in the country. The main goal of this research is to inspect the improvement of women empowerment, evaluate the development of entrepreneurship and the education level among micro credit borrowers in Bangladesh. There are two hundred and thirty respondents were participated in this research. The data were analyzed by the descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. The results found that the women empowerment slightly develops even though it is not significant statistically whereas the entrepreneurship and education are negatively associated with micro credit programs. This research influences the micro credit institutions to develop and focus on the application of loaned amount by borrowers to affect significantly on women empowerment, entrepreneurial activities and education level. Finally, this research is also merits the government to widen the facilities and lessen the hardship on micro credit institutions and encourages the policy in Bangladesh.     Keywords: Micro credit, women entrepreneurship, women empowerment, poverty alleviation, Banglades

Fitting Multi-Layer Feed Forward Neural Network and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average for Dhaka Stock Exchange Price Predicting

The stock market plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. Stock market performance can be measured by the market capitalization ratio as well as many other factors. The primary purpose of this study is to predict the movement of the stock market based on the total market capitalization of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models as well as artificial neural networks (ANN). The data set covers monthly time series data of total market capitalization from November 2001 to December 2018. This study also shows the best model for forecasting the movement of DSE market capitalization. The ARIMA (2,1,2) model is chosen from among the several ARIMA model combinations. From several artificial neural networks (ANN) models as a modern tool, a three-layer feed-forward topology using a backpropagation algorithm with five nodes in the hidden layer, one lag, and a learning rate equal to 0.01 is selected as the best model. Finally, these selected two models are compared based on the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Theil’s U statistic. The results showed that the estimated error of ANN is less than the estimated error of the traditional method. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-09 Full Text: PD

Assessing groundwater stoichiometric composition and its suitability in northwestern Bangladesh

Groundwater quality analyses included pH, EC, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and As3+), anions (CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and Cl-) and TDS of northwestern Bangladesh. The samples contained Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ as the dominant cations and HCO3- and Cl- were the dominant anions. Ratios of major cations and anions of water samples suggest the predominance of Ca and Mg-containing minerals over Na-containing minerals. According to TDS and SAR values, all samples were classed as 'freshwater' and 'excellent' categories. The SSP of all waters was under 'excellent' and 'good' classes. All samples were within 'soft' class regarding hardness with 'suitable' RSC. Based on As3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, SO42-, NO3- and Cl- all groundwater samples were within the 'safe' limit for drinking but unsuitable for some industries for specific ions

Social Network and Tax Evasion: Theoretical Model and Empirical Evidence in Bangladesh

This paper examines ethical and behavioral aspects of taxpayers, the financial condition of citizens, tax fairness, taxpayer services, complexities in the tax regime, tax rates, penalties and enforcement, and tax amnesties and the black economy. Primary data were collected by conducting a survey utilizing structured printed questionnaires. Secondary data were collected from project reports, government publications and documents, books, journals, reports, newspapers and electronic media. Empirical findings suggest that all these issues are associated with tax evasion in Bangladesh. We also find that eligibility in a social network increases the likelihood that others will take-up. This suggests that taxpayers affect each other’s decisions about tax avoidance, highlighting the importance of accounting for social interactions in understanding enforcement and tax avoidance behavior, and providing a concrete example of optimization frictions in the context of behavioral responses to taxation. The involvement and nexus of the three actors in tax policy formulation, implementation and compliance processes were examined. The empirical findings indicate the presence of this nexus which facilitates tax evasion. The high magnitude of tax evasion in Bangladesh is significantly acknowledged by respondents in the study. The empirical findings suggest that the absence of a participatory policy making process, lack of research into, and reform of, the tax system, short-term oriented and politically motivated tax policies, loopholes, anomalies and complexities of tax laws and policies are responsible for creating scope for tax evasion

Socio-economic Factors of Tax Compliance: An Empirical Study of Individual Taxpayers in the Dhaka Zones, Bangladesh

Tax compliance can be affected by many factors such as magnitude of compliance cost, the extent of penalty, perceived fairness of the tax system, awareness level of taxpayers and perceptions of government spending. The purpose of the study is identifying factors that affect compliance of individual income taxpayers in Bangladesh. The target population of the study is individual income taxpayers of the fifteen zones of Dhaka. The sample size is determined to 385 self-assessment assesse and 376 general procedure return submitted income taxpayers to which the questionnaire was distributed during the period of 1st December 2019 to 15th February, 2020. The results of the ordered logistic regression model reveal that the fairness, tax penalty and relationship with regard to taxpayer’s perception of government spending have positive and significant relationships with compliance. It also examines the effects of compliance decisions of referrals on others compliance decisions. The findings show a negative but insignificant relationship between them which implies that individual income taxpayer’s make their compliance decisions independent of others' decisions. Finally, the study having evaluated the effect of cost of complying with the tax law on tax compliance and concluded that there is a negative relationship between them implying that higher cost of compliance will lead to lower levels of compliance. Therefore, this paper suggests that maintaining tax fairness, optimum levels of penalty, spending the tax revenue on public development projects, keeping tax rates to the minimum as much as possible and keeping compliance costs to the minimum can enhance the compliance of taxpayers

Trust and workplace spirituality on knowledge sharing behaviour: perspective from non-academic staff of higher learning institutions

This empirical research aims to, to add value in the existing research on knowledge sharing, investigate the antecedents of knowledge-sharing behaviour by embedding trust and workplace spirituality variable on non-academic staff from higher learning institution in Malaysia. The role of trust, perceived risk and workplace spirituality towards knowledge-sharing behaviour has attracted significant attention from researchers and practitioners to facilitate the culture of knowledge sharing in organization settings. Design/methodology/approach – The units of analysis include non-academic staffs who are currently working in different higher learning institutions in Malaysia. Apart from descriptive study, this research applied confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings – The result revealed that there is a strong relationship between workplace spirituality and knowledge-sharing behaviour. On the other hand, the perceived risk variables partially mediate the association between trust and knowledge-sharing behaviour. Research limitations/implications – This research is a cross-sectional study. As a result, the limited sample size in this study may have an effect on the power of generalizability. Further research may be necessary to confirm the model across different industry to reveal the nature of the knowledge-sharing behaviour among the staff. Practical implications – The findings from this research could help the policymakers and the respective authorities of higher learning institutions to create a knowledge-sharing culture that is needed to support knowledge sharing and knowledge management within the higher learning institutions. Originality/value – This research not only adds value to knowledge-sharing literature but also used the variable like workplace spirituality under the context of Malaysian higher learning institution. Keywords Workplace spirituality, Trust, Perceived risk, Higher learning institutions, Knowledge-sharing behaviour Paper type Research pape

Salbutamol in acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning - a pilotdose-response phase II study

Treatment of acute organophosphorus (OP) insecticide poisoning is difficult, with many patients dying despite best care. Pre-clinical studies have shown benefit from salbutamol, possibly due speeding alveolar fluid clearance or reducing bronchoconstriction. In this small pilot dose-response study, we aimed to explore whether addition of nebulized salbutamol to standard care might improve resuscitation.We performed a single-blind phase II study comparing the effect of two different doses of nebulized salbutamol versus saline placebo, in addition to standard treatment. Primary outcome was oxygen saturations over the first 60 min of resuscitation; secondary outcomes included heart rate, incidence of dysrhythmias, time to 'atropinization', atropine dose required, and mortality.Seventy-five patients were randomized to receive 5 mg (Salb5, n = 25) or 2.5mg (Salb2.5, n = 25) of salbutamol, or saline placebo (NoSalb, n = 25), by nebulizer. Oxygen saturations did not differ between groups over the first 60 min of resuscitation (median AUC NoSalb: 1376 [95% CI 1282 to 1470], Salb2.5: 1395 [1305 to 1486], Salb5: 1233 [1100 to 1367]; p = .9898). Heart rate was also similar across the three arms. Median time to full atropinization, and atropine dose required, were the same for all three arms (NoSalb 15.0 [10-16] min and 12.6 [8.0-13.4] mg, Salb2.5 15.0 [10-16] min and 12.6 [9.3-16.8] mg, and Salb5 15.0 [10-20] min and 12.6 [10.7-20.6] mg; p = .4805 and p = .1871, respectively). Three (12%) patients died in the Salb2.5 and Salb5 groups and two (8%) in the NoSalb group.This pilot study, within the limitations of its small size and variation between patients, found no apparent evidence that administration of nebulized salbutamol improved resuscitation of patients with acute OP insecticide self-poisoning. The data obtained provides a basis to design further studies to ultimately test the role of salbutamol in OP insecticide poisoning