WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health

The WHO research agenda for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health has identified 40 research priorities to be addressed by the year 2030. These priorities focus on bacterial and fungal pathogens of crucial importance in addressing AMR, including drug-resistant pathogens causing tuberculosis. These research priorities encompass the entire people-centred journey, covering prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections, in addition to addressing the overarching knowledge gaps in AMR epidemiology, burden and drivers, policies and regulations, and awareness and education. The research priorities were identified through a multistage process, starting with a comprehensive scoping review of knowledge gaps, with expert inputs gathered through a survey and open call. The priority setting involved a rigorous modified Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach, ensuring global representation and applicability of the findings. The ultimate goal of this research agenda is to encourage research and investment in the generation of evidence to better understand AMR dynamics and facilitate policy translation for reducing the burden and consequences of AMR

Triazole resistance surveillance in Aspergillus fumigatus

Item does not contain fulltextTriazole resistance is an increasing concern in the opportunistic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. Resistance can develop through exposure to azole compounds during azole therapy or in the environment. Resistance mutations are commonly found in the Cyp51A-gene, although other known and unknown resistance mechanisms may be present. Surveillance studies show triazole resistance in six continents, although the presence of resistance remains unknown in many countries. In most countries, resistance mutations associated with the environment dominate, but it remains unclear if these resistance traits predominately migrate or arise locally. Patients with triazole-resistant aspergillus disease may fail to antifungal therapy, but only a limited number of cohort studies have been performed that show conflicting results. Treatment failure might be due to diagnostic delay or due to the limited number of alternative treatment options. The ISHAM/ECMM Aspergillus Resistance Surveillance working group was set up to facilitate surveillance studies and stimulate international collaborations. Important aims are to determine the resistance epidemiology in countries where this information is currently lacking, to gain more insight in the clinical implications of triazole resistance through a registry and to unify nomenclature through consensus definitions

Transcriptional and functional insights into the host immune response against the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We would like to thank Trees Jansen for performing the initial pilot experiments and Ilse Curfs-Breuker and Dirk Faro for their support at the CWZ hospital. We thank Charlotte Kaffa, BSc. for her technical assistance. We would like to thank Vinod Kumar for his input during the transcriptomic data analysis, Mark Gresnigt for the in vitro experimental suggestions and Anouk Becker for the help during the revision experiments. AJPB and NARG thank the MRC (MR/M026663/1) and Wellcome for support and the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen (MR/N006364/1). A.H. and S.K. were supported by the Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences. Part of the study was supported by the Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis. D.L.W. was supported by National Institutes of Health grants NIH GM083016, GM119197 and C06RR0306551. M.G.N. was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (no. 833247) and a Spinoza Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.Peer reviewedPostprin