4 research outputs found
Climate risk and food security in Nepal—analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods
Food security in Nepal is highly sensitive to climate risks. Recent climate-related events, such as the floods of 2008 and the winter drought of 2008/2009, have highlighted the potential impacts of climate on food production, access to markets and income from agricultural activities. However, the ways in which livelihoods and other vulnerabilities are linked to climate have not been well studied. The purpose of this analysis is to quantitatively and qualitatively assess climate (including climate variability, change and extremes) impacts on food security and livelihoods. The analytical method carried out for this research consisted of three components: (i) a dynamic analysis to evaluate the relationship between historic and current climatic variability and food security indicators, using long-term historical data; (ii) a descriptive analysis to establish a baseline against which vulnerability to future risks can be assessed, using household data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010/2011 (NLSS-III); and (iii) a workshop with national stakeholders to validate the results and identify priority adaptation interventions
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A design pattern for integration of business process management systems
A cross-domain workflow application may be constructed using a standard reference model such as the one by the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) [7] but the requirements for this type of application are inherently different from one organization to another. The existing models and systems built around them meet some but not all the requirements from all the organizations involved in a collaborative process. Furthermore the requirements change over time. This makes the applications difficult to develop and distribute. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based approaches such as the BPET (Business Process Execution Language) intend to provide a solution but fail to address the problems sufficiently, especially in the situations where the expectations and level of skills of the users (e.g. the participants of the processes) in different organisations are likely to be different. In this paper, we discuss a design pattern that provides a novel approach towards a solution. In the solution, business users can design the applications at a high level of abstraction: the use cases and user interactions; the designs are documented and used, together with the data and events captured later that represents the user interactions with the systems, to feed an intermediate component local to the users -the IFM (InterFace Mapper) -which bridges the gaps between the users and the systems. We discuss the main issues faced in the design and prototyping. The approach alleviates the need for re-programming with the APIs to any back-end service thus easing the development and distribution of the application