Accelerating Bianchi Type-V Cosmology with Perfect Fluid and Heat Flow in Saez-Ballester Theory

In this paper we discuss the law of variation of scale factor $a = (t^{k}e^{t})^{\frac{1}{n}}$ which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter (DP) representing a new class of models that generate a transition of universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. Exact solutions of Einstein's modified field equations with perfect fluid and heat conduction are obtained within the framework of Saez-Ballester scalar-tensor theory of gravitation and the model is found to be in good agreement with recent observations. We find, for n = 3, k = 1, the present value of DP in derived model as q_0 = -0.67 which is very near to the observed value of DP at present epoch. We find that the time-dependent DP is sensible for the present day Universe and give an earmark description of evolution of universe. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Application of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting Farmers’ Response to Water Management Decisions on Wheat Yield

Water management usually involves decision-making with respect to allocation, scheduling and application of available water to different crops over an irrigation season so as to get maximum economic returns. A study was carried out in the Kaithal irrigation circle for prediction of farmers’ decisions regarding total depth of irrigation water, fraction of groundwater and delay in sowing on yield of wheat crop under varying conditions of groundwater and soil salinity using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Three ANN algorithms i.e. gradient-descent back propagation (BP), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and radial basis functions (RBF) with various architectures were used. It was found that radial basis function with a spread constant of 0.1 performed better in predicting wheat yield. Also, it was observed that ANN algorithm predicted wheat and rice yields better correlated to observed yields (r2=0.63 and 0.74) in comparison to regression model (r2=0.37 and 0.52

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Not AvailableInitial interest in the use of drip irrigation for row crops like wheat was motivated by its very low water productivity with traditional method of border irrigation. Maximizing water productivity is one of the most important police in developing countries like India. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the wheat yield response to drip irrigation systems and the attributed water productivity and saving water indices under clay loam soil conditions of semi tropical regions. A field experiments was conducted at the field no.50, demonstration unit of the College of Agricultural Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, during the rabi seasons of 2011-12 to study the effect of drip irrigation on water productivity and yield attributes of wheat crop. Results revealed that water saving of about 28.42% higher in case of drip irrigation compared with the border irrigation system. Data also revealed that water productivity of drip irrigated wheat was 24.24% more than the border irrigated wheat. However there was a slightly decrease of 10.8% in the grain yield. This may be due to the wheat plants had exposed to higher water-stress during the growing stages. Finally, it can be concluded that good management of irrigation water under drip irrigation is promising for higher water productivity and can be adopt as alternative irrigation system for irrigating intensive field crop like wheat, but more studies have to be conducted under similar field conditionsNot Availabl

Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK) : an international, randomised, controlled trial

Background: Observational studies have suggested that accelerated surgery is associated with improved outcomes in patients with a hip fracture. The HIP ATTACK trial assessed whether accelerated surgery could reduce mortality and major complications. Methods: HIP ATTACK was an international, randomised, controlled trial done at 69 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with a hip fracture that required surgery and were aged 45 years or older were eligible. Research personnel randomly assigned patients (1:1) through a central computerised randomisation system using randomly varying block sizes to either accelerated surgery (goal of surgery within 6 h of diagnosis) or standard care. The coprimary outcomes were mortality and a composite of major complications (ie, mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, sepsis, pneumonia, life-threatening bleeding, and major bleeding) at 90 days after randomisation. Patients, health-care providers, and study staff were aware of treatment assignment, but outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation. Patients were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02027896). Findings: Between March 14, 2014, and May 24, 2019, 27 701 patients were screened, of whom 7780 were eligible. 2970 of these were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive accelerated surgery (n=1487) or standard care (n=1483). The median time from hip fracture diagnosis to surgery was 6 h (IQR 4\u20139) in the accelerated-surgery group and 24 h (10\u201342) in the standard-care group (p<0\ub70001). 140 (9%) patients assigned to accelerated surgery and 154 (10%) assigned to standard care died, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0\ub791 (95% CI 0\ub772 to 1\ub714) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 1% ( 121 to 3; p=0\ub740). Major complications occurred in 321 (22%) patients assigned to accelerated surgery and 331 (22%) assigned to standard care, with an HR of 0\ub797 (0\ub783 to 1\ub713) and an ARR of 1% ( 122 to 4; p=0\ub771). Interpretation: Among patients with a hip fracture, accelerated surgery did not significantly lower the risk of mortality or a composite of major complications compared with standard care. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research