Bayesian Model Averaging and Jointness Measures for gretl

This paper presents a software package that implements Bayesian model averaging for gretl, the GNU regression, econometrics and time-series library. Bayesian model averaging is a model-building strategy that takes account of model uncertainty in conclusions about estimated parameters. It is an efficient tool for discovering the most probable models and obtaining estimates of their posterior characteristics. In recent years we have observed an increasing number of software packages devoted to Bayesian model averaging for different statistical and econometric software. In this paper, we propose the BMA package for gretl, which is an increasingly popular free, open-source software for econometric analysis with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. We introduce the BMA package for linear regression models with jointness measures proposed by Ley and Steel (2007) and Doppelhofer and Weeks (2009)

Obszar geoedukacji Owadów-Brzezinki w Sławnie

The geoeducation area (called also “Owadów-Brzezinki Geopark”) located in the north-western margin of the Holy Cross Mountains (Tomaszów Syncline) at Sławno community (Łódź Voivodeship), was established in June 2019, in close vicinity of the Owadów-Brzezinki quarry. This locality is one of the most important palaeontological sites described recently in Poland. The area consists of the exhibition pavilion, educational routs and panoramic viewing platform, which is located along the edge of the quarry. The palaeontological exhibition shows the unique Late Jurassic fossils of marine and terrestrial organisms, many of them new to science, that have been excavated in the quarry during the last eight years. Among the most important fossils are: ammonites, lobster-like decapod crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, actinopterygian fish, a cryptodiran turtle, ichthyosaurs, as well as a small terrestrial  crocodyliform, pterosaurs and insects. In addition to the original fossils, the exhibition presents life-size reconstructions of animals, that inhabited the local seas and islands during the Late Jurassic. The palaeontological sites of Owadów-Brzezinki is referred to as a new “taphonomic window” of the Late Jurassic, providing insights about the evolution of life on Earth in the palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental context.Geoedukacyjny ośrodek (zwany też „Geoparkiem Owadów-Brzezinki”) znajdujący się na północno-zachodnim obrzeżeniu Gór Świętokrzyskich(synklina tomaszowska) w gminie Sławno (województwo łódzkie) został utworzony w czerwcu 2019 roku w bliskim sąsiedztwie kamieniołomu Owadów-Brzezinki. Stanowisko to jest jednym z ważniejszych odkryć paleontologicznych ostatnich lat z terenu Polski. Ośrodekobejmuje pawilon wystawowy, ścieżki edukacyjne oraz platformę widokową umiejscowioną w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie kamieniołomu. W powstałym pawilonie paleontologicznym wyeksponowano unikatowe skamieniałości późnojurajskich zwierząt morskich i lądowych, w tym gatunki dotychczas nieznane, które zostały odkryte w kamieniołomie podczas ośmiu minionych lat. Do najważniejszych skamieniałości należą amonity, homaropodobne skorupiaki, skrzypłocze, ryby kostnoszkieletowe, żółwie skrytoszyjne, ichtiozaury, a także małe lądowe krokodylomorfy, pterozaury i owady. Oprócz oryginalnych skamieniałości w muzeum wyeksponowane są naturalnych rozmiarów rekonstrukcje zwierząt, które zamieszkiwały lokalne morza i wyspy w późnej jurze. Stanowisko paleontologiczne Owadów-Brzezinki jest określane jako nowe „okno tafonomiczne” późnej jury, ukazujące zapis ewolucji życia na Ziemi w kontekście paleogeograficznym i paleośrodowiskowym

10-Methyl-9-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy­carbonyl]­acridinium trifluoro­methane­sulfonate

In the crystal of the title compound, C24H22NO2 +·CF3SO3 −, adjacent cations and anions are connected through C—H⋯O, C—H⋯F and S–O⋯π inter­actions, while neighboring cations via π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.962 (2) Å]. The acridine and benzene ring systems are oriented at a dihedral angle of 14.6 (1)°. The carboxyl group is twisted at an angle of 87.6 (1)° relative to the acridine skeleton. The mean planes of adjacent acridine units are parallel or inclined at an angle of 13.4 (1)° in the crystal structure

9-(4-Fluoro­phen­oxy­carbon­yl)-10-methyl­acridinium trifluoro­methane­sulfonate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H15FNO2 +·CF3SO3 −, the cations form inversion dimers through C—H⋯O, C—F⋯π and π–π inter­actions. These dimers are further linked by π–π inter­actions. The cations and anions are connected through C—H⋯O, C—F⋯π and S—O⋯π inter­actions. The acridine and benzene ring systems are oriented at a dihedral angle of 74.1 (1)°. The carboxyl­ate group is twisted at an angle of 4.4 (1)° relative to the acridine skeleton. The mean planes of the adjacent acridine moieties are parallel or inclined at an angle of 55.4 (1)° in the crystal structure

GeV breaks in blazars as a result of gamma-ray absorption within the broad-line region

Spectra of the brightest blazars detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope cannot be described by a simple power law model. A much better description is obtained with a broken power law, with the break energies of a few GeV. We show here that the sharpness and the position of the breaks can be well reproduced by absorption of gamma-rays via photon--photon pair production on HeII Lyman recombination continuum and lines. This implies that the blazar zone lies inside the region of the highest ionization of the broad-line region (BLR) within a light-year from a super-massive black hole. The observations of gamma-ray spectral breaks open a way of studying the BLR photon field in the extreme-UV/soft X-rays, which are otherwise hidden from our view.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; published in ApJ Letter