Feeding different forms of methionine and rumen-protected methionine alters the incorporation of 15N into microbial protein in batch culture

Second Place in CFAES Undergraduate Research ForumCreating a balanced amino acid (AA) profile for rumen microbes increases efficiency of feed conversion into microbial protein , which decreases manure N. Methionine (MET) is a limiting AA in lactating dairy cows. A steady supply of MET reduces the need for rumen bacteria to synthesize AA from carbon skeletons. A previous study conducted in the OSU dairy lab evaluated the supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) isopropyl ester (HMBi; 0.11%), MET (0.097%), HMBi + MET (0.055% + 0.048%) and control (CON) to continuous culture (CC) fermenters. Extracellular MET pools were higher for HMBi treatments than MET, but microbial protein synthesis (MPS) did not differ. We hypothesized MET accumulation may be due to differences in bacterial utilization of MET stereoisomers, because isopropanol (ISO; hydrolyzed from HMBi) may affect membrane fluidity and HMBi is more slowly converted to MET. This expanded treatments (TRT) to CON (1), L-MET (2; 0.097%), D-MET (3; 0.097%), HMBi (4; 0.125%), HMB (5; 0.098%), 2×HMBi (6; 0.250%), ½HMBi + ½DL-MET (7; 0.063% + 0.049%), and HMB + ISO (8; 0.098% + 0.039%). We investigated the effects of the TRTs with batch culture (BC) fermentation. Protozoa were washed out of fermenters in the CC study but traditional BC inocula contain protozoa. Therefore, rumen fluid was collected from 2 Holstein cows and CC was used to prepare faunated (F) and defaunated (D) inocula for use in BC. In addition to TRTs, BC tubes were dosed with 15N enriched (NH4)2SO4 to compare incorporation of 15NH3 into MICROBIAL PROTEIN. Each TRT contained 6 replicates (D and F inocula each dosed to 3 replicates) with measurements taken at 0, 2, 8, and 24 h. Measurements included TCA soluble N (SN), 15NH3, NH3, peptides (PEP; SN–NH3), 15N enriched non-ammonia-N (NAN), and total NAN. SN, NH3, and PEP data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS to determine main effects and interactions (other data in progress). The main effect of time was significant for SN, NH3, and PEP; inocula for SN (D=23.38, F=25.05 mg/dL) and NH3 (D=10.50, F=12.28 mg/dL); no other main effects were found. Interactions were found (data not shown) for inocula×TRT×time for NH3 (2h) and PEP (8, 24h), inocula×time for SN (2, 8h) and NH3 (2, 8h), and TRT×time for PEP (8, 24h). These data indicate possible differences in MET utilization but data completion will allow for more specific conclusions. Application of this data may improve feed efficiency of rumen microbes and dairy cows, which could reduce feed costs and N pollution.No embarg

IDN1 and IDN2 are required for de novo DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark affecting genes and transposons. Screening for mutants that fail to establish DNA methylation yielded two we termed "involved in de novo" (idn) 1 and 2. IDN1 encodes DMS3, an SMC-related protein, and IDN2 encodes a previously unknown double-stranded RNA-binding protein with homology to SGS3. IDN1 and IDN2 control de novo methylation and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated maintenance methylation and are components of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway

The First Thought of Disaster : Adding Sympathy or Saving Live?

Tsunami that happened in Banten and Lampung, 22 December 2018, reminds us of the fact that Indonesia destined to cope with the constant risk of several natural disaster-like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods and tsunamis. Media is taking part by raises people�s awareness on the disaster. By using qualitative approaches and textual analysis methods, called the discourse of broadcast news, the author tried to capture media coverage in Indonesia television station of the �Banten and Lampung�s Tsunamis�. As the result, in the early coverage, media highlighted the timeliness and personalization news value. These selections shown through the camera angle and the selection of public figures as news source. Further coverage demonstrates the effect line, on the appearing of phenomenon that people took selfies at the site with different intentions, including to prove that they have arrived at the location and are taking part in providing aid. They are trying to raise sympathy and sometimes putting their lives in danger. In the end, it showed how media coverage create a first thought of disaster, that touch the personal side of audience like adding sympathy and curiosity, more than raises public awareness to be alert and attempt to save their live, when similar disaster happens in the future

Photomorphogenesis: Light receptor kinases in plants!

AbstractPlants must adapt to a capricious light environment, but the mechanism by which light signals are transmitted to cause changes in development has long eluded us. The search might be over, however, as two photoreceptors, phytochrome and NPH1, have been shown to autophosphorylate in a light-dependent fashion

Robert Milton Zollinger, M.D., teacher, surgeon, soldier, and farmer.

From Humble roots, Dr. Robert Milton Zollinger worked his way to a position in history among the giants of American surgery. He was born on September 4, 1903, in the central Ohio town of Millersport, the son of Elmira and William Zollinger. Neither of his parents had a high school education, but they supported education and always expressed a confidence that young Robert would be successful at anything he attempted.1 He had aspirations of attending West Point, a dream that was never fulfilled when he decided to be a surgeon. On being informed of his son’s intentions, Zollinger’s father bestowed on him advice that he ostensibly adhered to throughout his career: ‘‘If you are going to be a doctor, be a good one.’

A New FronTIR in Targeted Protein Degradation and Plant Development

Three papers, two in a recent issue of Nature and one in the July issue of Developmental Cell, identify a family of F box proteins as the long-sought receptors for the plant growth hormone auxin. The new studies reveal that auxin, a small molecule, regulates F box proteins, which are involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. This finding has profound implications for understanding plant physiology and development and for defining new modes of regulation of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes

Nuclear protein phosphatases with Kelch-repeat domains modulate the response to brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis

Perception of the plant steroid hormone brassinolide (BL) by the membrane-associated receptor kinase BRI1 triggers the dephosphorylation and accumulation in the nucleus of the transcriptional modulators BES1 and BZR1. We identified bsu1-1D as a dominant suppressor of bri1 in A abidopsis. BSU1 encodes a nuclear-localized serine-threonine protein phosphatase with an N-terminal Kelch-repeat domain, and is preferentially expressed in elongating cells. BSU1 is able to modulate the phosphorylation state of BES1, counter acting the action of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 BIN2, and leading to inc eased steady-state levels of dephosphorylated BES1. BSU1 belongs to a small gene family; loss-of-function analyses unravel the extent of functional overlap among members of the family and confirm the role of these phosphatases in the control of cell elongation by BL. Our data indicate that BES1 is subject to antagonistic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions in the nucleus, which fine-tune the amplitude of the response to BL.Fil: Mora Garcia, Santiago. Salk Institute. Plant Biology Laboratory; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Vert, Gregory. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados Unidos. Salk Institute. Plant Biology Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Yin, Yanhai. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados Unidos. Salk Institute. Plant Biology Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Caño Delgado, Ana. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados Unidos. Salk Institute. Plant Biology Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Cheong, Hyeonsook. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados Unidos. Salk Institute. Plant Biology Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Chory, Joanne. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados Unidos. Salk Institute. Plant Biology Laboratory; Estados Unido

“SHE DON’T STUDY. SHE RUNNING AND WALKING”: ENGLISH AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THAI TEACHERS AND FOREIGN TEACHERS IN THAILAND

Teachers in Southern Thailand, especially in Miftahudeen School, Na Thawee, Songkhla, Southern Thailand, communicate with various languages; Thai language, Malay, and English. English as an International language becomes first priority of communication everywhere and every time, unlimited to different background of the speakers. In this case, English is used as a bridge to cummunicate between the Thai teachers and the foreign teachers at Miftahuddeen School.  However, since English is used by minority of people in Thailand, they tend to apply their native language (L1) structure and rule, Thai language, to English as the target language (L2). By this, somehow they have their own rule and pattern in producing English utterances becoming different English spokenby Thai people, such as English prosody, grammatical rule, pronunciation, and vocabularies they use. Therefore, the researchers tended to observe how English was spoken by Thai teachers considered asunique English in global communication and the effects of their English in oral communication with foreigners. The data were taken from the recorded daily conversation between an Indonesian Teacher and two female Thai Teachers of Miftahuddeen School who were able to speak in English for about three months. The researchers analyzed the data using qualitative descriptive method. From the analysis, the researchers are able to draw a conclusion that English used by Thai teachers was different from the Standard English. It was indicated from how they produced English utterances, pronunciation, and vocabularies which always involved their native language (L1). Keyword:  Thai-English, English as foreign languag