Dark Matter in the Singlet Extension of MSSM: Explanation of Pamela and Implication on Higgs Phenomenology

As discussed recently by Hooper and Tait, the singlino-like dark matter in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) extended by a singlet Higgs superfield can give a perfect explanation for both the relic density and the Pamela result through the Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation into singlet Higgs bosons ($a$ or $h$ followed by $h->a a$) with $a$ being light enough to decay dominantly to muons or electrons. In this work we analyze the parameter space required by such a dark matter explanation and also consider the constraints from the LEP experiments. We find that although the light singlet Higgs bosons have small mixings with the Higgs doublets in the allowed parameter space, their couplings with the SM-like Higgs boson $h_{SM}$ (the lightest doublet-dominant Higgs boson) can be enhanced by the soft parameter $A_\kappa$ and, in order to meet the stringent LEP constraints, the $h_{SM}$ tends to decay into the singlet Higgs pairs $aa$ or $hh$ instead of $b\bar b$. So the $h_{SM}$ produced at the LHC will give a multi-muon signal, h_{SM} -> aa -> 4 muons or h_{SM} -> hh -> 4 a -> 8 muons.Comment: Version in JHE

PAMELA, DAMA, INTEGRAL and Signatures of Metastable Excited WIMPs

Models of dark matter with ~ GeV scale force mediators provide attractive explanations of many high energy anomalies, including PAMELA, ATIC, and the WMAP haze. At the same time, by exploiting the ~ MeV scale excited states that are automatically present in such theories, these models naturally explain the DAMA/LIBRA and INTEGRAL signals through the inelastic dark matter (iDM) and exciting dark matter (XDM) scenarios, respectively. Interestingly, with only weak kinetic mixing to hypercharge to mediate decays, the lifetime of excited states with delta < 2 m_e is longer than the age of the universe. The fractional relic abundance of these excited states depends on the temperature of kinetic decoupling, but can be appreciable. There could easily be other mechanisms for rapid decay, but the consequences of such long-lived states are intriguing. We find that CDMS constrains the fractional relic population of ~100 keV states to be <~ 10^-2, for a 1 TeV WIMP with sigma_n = 10^-40 cm^2. Upcoming searches at CDMS, as well as xenon, silicon, and argon targets, can push this limit significantly lower. We also consider the possibility that the DAMA excitation occurs from a metastable state into the XDM state, which decays via e+e- emission, which allows lighter states to explain the INTEGRAL signal due to the small kinetic energies required. Such models yield dramatic signals from down-scattering, with spectra peaking at high energies, sometimes as high as ~1 MeV, well outside the usual search windows. Such signals would be visible at future Ar and Si experiments, and may be visible at Ge and Xe experiments. We also consider other XDM models involving ~ 500 keV metastable states, and find they can allow lighter WIMPs to explain INTEGRAL as well.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure

Status Fisiologi Dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Kelinci Jantan Lokal Lepas Sapih Pada Perkandangan Dengan Bahan Atap Dan Ketinggian Kandang Berbeda

To know the effect of cage roof materials and the height of cage to the physiology status and body weight gain of the experiment were done to 36 Local male rabbit at post weaning (6-8 weeks of age) with average initial weight of 630-1100g for three months in Field Laboratorium Sumber Sekar Dau Malang. The treatment given was cage roof material (tile vs zinc roof) and the height of the cage (30, 80 or 130 cm). The animals were caged individually in random. The feed given was foliage (col leaves) (at 03.00 pm) and pollard (at 07.00 am). The design used was Nested Design. The variables measures were rectal temperature ( oC), the frequency of respiration (/minute), heartbeats (/minutes), total feed consumption (g) and body weight gain (g). The obtained data then analysed statistically using variance and covariance test, if there was significant effect then continued by Duncan test. There were no significant effect of the treatment to the physiolgical status of the animals, except fr the heartbeats. There was no continue result between the increase of the height of the cage and the decrease of the heartbeat, except for the zinc roof. In the tile roof, the body weight gain was lower for the higher height of the cage, except for the tile roof of 130 cm height of the cage. These treatment combination gave the highest total feed consumption and body weight gain.Based on the result, it can be concluded that the tile roof materials with the height of the cage of 130 cm give good result, by improving total feed consumption, body weight gain and normal physiological status

Level Berpikir Geometri Van Hiele Berdasarkan Gender pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Islam Hasanuddin DAU Malang

Level of geomatri Van Hiele stated that a person will go through five level of development, those were; level 0 (visualization), level 1 (analysis), level 2 (informal deduction), level 3 (deduction), and level 4 (rigor). The purpose of this study was to determine and describe the Van Hiele geometric thinking levels by gender in class VII SMP Islam Hasanuddin Dau Malang. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The instrument used was Van Hiele Geometry Test (VHGT) and interviews. The tests and interviews were conducted to 6 students which consited of 3 male and 3 female whose high, medium and low ability. The results showed that the student reached judging from the gender, female students whose high ability reached level 1 (analysis) while low ability female students were at level 0 (visualization). High ability male students were at level 1 (analysis) while male students whose low ability was at level 0 (visualization).Tahap perkembangan berpikir geomatri Van Hiele menyatakan bahwa seseorang akan melalui lima tahap perkembangan yaitu level 0 (visualisasi), level 1 (analisis), level 2 (deduksi informal), level 3 (deduksi), dan level 4 (rigor). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan level berpikir geometri Van Hiele berdasarkan gender pada siswa kelas VII SMP Islam Hasanuddin Dau Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes berpikir geometri Van Hiele Geometry Test (VHGT) dan wawancara. Pemberian tes dan wawancara dilakukan kepada 6 orang siswa yaitu 3 siswa perempuan dan 3 siswa laki-laki yang masing-masing berkemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ditinjau dari gender siswa perempuan berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang berada pada level 1 (analisis) sedangkan siswa perempuan berkemampuan rendah berada pada level 0 (visualisasi). Siswa laki-laki bekemampuan tinggi dan berada pada level 1 (analisis) sedangkan siswa laki-laki berkemampuan sedang dan rendah berada pada level 0 (visualisasi)

Dark matter and sub-GeV hidden U(1) in GMSB models

Motivated by the recent PAMELA and ATIC data, one is led to a scenario with heavy vector-like dark matter in association with a hidden $U(1)_X$ sector below GeV scale. Realizing this idea in the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB), a heavy scalar component charged under $U(1)_X$ is found to be a good dark matter candidate which can be searched for direct scattering mediated by the Higgs boson and/or by the hidden gauge boson. The latter turns out to put a stringent bound on the kinetic mixing parameter between $U(1)_X$ and $U(1)_Y$: $\theta \lesssim 10^{-6}$. For the typical range of model parameters, we find that the decay rates of the ordinary lightest neutralino into hidden gauge boson/gaugino and photon/gravitino are comparable, and the former decay mode leaves displaced vertices of lepton pairs and missing energy with distinctive length scale larger than 20 cm for invariant lepton pair mass below 0.5 GeV. An unsatisfactory aspect of our model is that the Sommerfeld effect cannot raise the galactic dark matter annihilation by more than 60 times for the dark matter mass below TeV.Comment: 1+15 pages, 4 figures, version published in JCAP, references added, minor change

Pengaruh Penambahan Kultur Azotobacter Pada Feses Kambing Terhadap Kualitas Media Dan Produktivitas Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus Rubellus)

The purposes of this research were to determine the effect of addition of Azotobacter bacterial culture into media of goat faeces on medium quality and earthworm productivity; and also to examine the best dose of Azotobacter bacterial cultures addition. The research material was 800 g earthworm aged 3 months old. The research method was experimental with Completely Randomized Design using 4 treatments and 4 replications. The results show that addition of Azotobacter bacterial culture had a significant effect (P&lt;0.01) on the medium quality and earthworm productivity (coccoon production, the number of juvenils per coccoon, coccoon hatching percentage, the numbers and weight of earthworm). The bacterial culture addition of 350 cc/100 kg goat faeces was found the best. We suggest to follow the study with observation about the effect of the length of fermentation to the medium quality and earthworm productivity

Sommerfeld enhancement from Goldstone pseudo-scalar exchange

We point out that the exchange of a Goldstone pseudo-scalar can provide an enhancement in the dark matter annihilation rate capable of explaining the excess flux seen in high energy cosmic ray data. The mechanism of enhancement involves the coupling of s and d waves through the tensor force that is very strong and, in fact, singular at short distances. The results indicate that large enhancements require some amount of fine tuning. We also discuss the enhancement due to other singular attractive potentials, such as WIMP models with a permanent electric dipole.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, v2 includes contact informatio

Pulsars versus Dark Matter Interpretation of ATIC/PAMELA

In this paper, we study the flux of electrons and positrons injected by pulsars and by annihilating or decaying dark matter in the context of recent ATIC, PAMELA, Fermi, and HESS data. We review the flux from a single pulsar and derive the flux from a distribution of pulsars. We point out that the particle acceleration in the pulsar magnetosphere is insufficient to explain the observed excess of electrons and positrons with energy E ~ 1 TeV and one has to take into account an additional acceleration of electrons at the termination shock between the pulsar and its wind nebula. We show that at energies less than a few hundred GeV, the flux from a continuous distribution of pulsars provides a good approximation to the expected flux from pulsars in the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) catalog. At higher energies, we demonstrate that the electron/positron flux measured at the Earth will be dominated by a few young nearby pulsars, and therefore the spectrum would contain bumplike features. We argue that the presence of such features at high energies would strongly suggest a pulsar origin of the anomalous contribution to electron and positron fluxes. The absence of features either points to a dark matter origin or constrains pulsar models in such a way that the fluctuations are suppressed. Also we derive that the features can be partially smeared due to spatial variation of the energy losses during propagation.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, 1 table; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3: 20 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, major changes in presentation, main conclusions unchanged; v4: minor correction

Sommerfeld Enhancement of DM Annihilation: Resonance Structure, Freeze-Out and CMB Spectral Bound

In the last few years there has been some interest in WIMP Dark Matter models featuring a velocity dependent cross section through the Sommerfeld enhancement mechanism, which is a nonrelativistic effect due to massive bosons in the dark sector. In the first part of this article, we find analytic expressions for the boost factor for three different model potentials, the Coulomb potential, the spherical well and the spherical cone well and compare with the numerical solution of the Yukawa potential. We find that the resonance pattern of all the potentials can be cast into the same universal form. In the second part of the article we perform a detailed computation of the Dark Matter relic density for models having Sommerfeld enhancement by solving the Boltzmann equation numerically. We calculate the expected distortions of the CMB blackbody spectrum from WIMP annihilations and compare these to the bounds set by FIRAS. We conclude that only a small part of the parameter space can be ruled out by the FIRAS observations.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, version accepted by JCA

Slightly Non-Minimal Dark Matter in PAMELA and ATIC

We present a simple model in which dark matter couples to the standard model through a light scalar intermediary that is itself unstable. We find this model has several notable features, and allows a natural explanation for a surplus of positrons, but no surplus of anti-protons, as has been suggested by early data from PAMELA and ATIC. Moreover, this model yields a very small nucleon coupling, well below the direct detection limits. In this paper we explore the effect of this model in both the early universe and in the galaxy.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, v3: updated for new data, added discussion of Ferm