Tri vrste socijalnih organizacija na otočju jugoistočne Azije

Over a hundred years ago Lewis Henry Morgan, comparing the structures of the kinship terminology systems of the Dravidians and the American Indians, strove to see in the similarity of a kinship classification an argument in support of the idea of the Asian origin of the New World aborigines. Now this thought of the graet American ethnographer is cited as perhaps a deskbook example of an ethnographic error. Already in those years he realized that the kinship terminology system (KTS) was derived not from the historical and genetic contacts between peoples, but from the character of social organization. Since then to this day the commonly adopted view of ethnographic (anthropological) science is reduced to the assumption that the kinship systems are, in the final analysis, determined by the social structure.U članku se raspravljaju Morganove, više od stotinu godina stare, teze o terminologiji srodstva. Morgan svoje zaključke nije izvodio ne temelju historijskih i genetičkih dodira među narodima već na temelju karaktera socijalne organizacije. Njegove teze do sada nisu bile raspravljane ni osporavane ali ih autor u ovome radu ocjenjuje kao etnološke greške. Raspravljaju se i neke postavke E. Leacha. Donose i nove spoznaje autora o tipovima socijalne organizacije na otočju jugoistočne Azije

Complete Structural Model of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase from a Hybrid Approach

A combination of structural approaches yields a complete atomic model of the highly biochemically characterized Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, enabling fuller exploitation of E. coli as a model for understanding transcription

Semiquantitative Analysis of Clinical Heat Stress in Clostridium difficile Strain 630 Using a GeLC/MS Workflow with emPAI Quantitation.

<div><p><i>Clostridium difficile</i> is considered to be the most frequent cause of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in hospitals worldwide yet its adaptive ability remains relatively uncharacterised. Here, we used GeLC/MS and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) calculation to determine proteomic changes in response to a clinically relevant heat stress. Reproducibility between both biological and technical replicates was good, and a 37°C proteome of 224 proteins was complemented by a 41°C proteome of 202 proteins at a 1% false discovery rate. Overall, 236 <i>C. difficile</i> proteins were identified and functionally categorised, of which 178 were available for comparative purposes. A total of 65 proteins (37%) were modulated by 1.5-fold or more at 41°C compared to 37°C and we noted changes in the majority of proteins associated with amino acid metabolism, including upregulation of the reductive branch of the leucine fermentation pathway. Motility was reduced at 41°C as evidenced by a 2.7 fold decrease in the flagellar filament protein, FliC, and a global increase in proteins associated with detoxification and adaptation to atypical conditions was observed, concomitant with decreases in proteins mediating transcriptional elongation and the initiation of protein synthesis. Trigger factor was down regulated by almost 5-fold. We propose that under heat stress, titration of the GroESL and dnaJK/grpE chaperones by misfolded proteins will, in the absence of trigger factor, prevent nascent chains from emerging efficiently from the ribosome causing translational stalling and also an increase in secretion. The current work has thus allowed development of a heat stress model for the key cellular processes of protein folding and export.</p></div

Tri vrste socijalnih organizacija na otočju jugoistočne Azije

Over a hundred years ago Lewis Henry Morgan, comparing the structures of the kinship terminology systems of the Dravidians and the American Indians, strove to see in the similarity of a kinship classification an argument in support of the idea of the Asian origin of the New World aborigines. Now this thought of the graet American ethnographer is cited as perhaps a deskbook example of an ethnographic error. Already in those years he realized that the kinship terminology system (KTS) was derived not from the historical and genetic contacts between peoples, but from the character of social organization. Since then to this day the commonly adopted view of ethnographic (anthropological) science is reduced to the assumption that the kinship systems are, in the final analysis, determined by the social structure.U članku se raspravljaju Morganove, više od stotinu godina stare, teze o terminologiji srodstva. Morgan svoje zaključke nije izvodio ne temelju historijskih i genetičkih dodira među narodima već na temelju karaktera socijalne organizacije. Njegove teze do sada nisu bile raspravljane ni osporavane ali ih autor u ovome radu ocjenjuje kao etnološke greške. Raspravljaju se i neke postavke E. Leacha. Donose i nove spoznaje autora o tipovima socijalne organizacije na otočju jugoistočne Azije

System of Diagnostics of the High-Power Accelerator during Formation of Pulsed Bremsstrahlung

System of diagnostics of the high-power electron accelerator based on undisturbing methods and measuring tools of electron beam characteristics as well as amplitude-time characteristics of the pulse forming system is presented. The analysis of amplitude-time characteristics reproducibility of the electromagnetic pulse formation system, electron beam spectral characteristics and properties of bremsstrahlung in the position of test specimen under given modes of operation of the accelerator performs using developed software. Possibilities of complex diagnostics of the power accelerator electron beams acceleration regime and accelerator units are illustrated by analysis of the accelerating tube parameters