Ad praesumptionem or ad plenam fidem? The Probative Value of the Accomplice’s Testimony in Medieval Canon Law

In Romano-canonical procedure, confessed criminals could not be examined on their accomplices, except for enormous crimes. In these cases, however, twelfth- and thirteenth-century canonists disagreed about the probative value of these statements. According to some jurists they could be deemed as a full proof, while others held that they only counted as a presumption. Nevertheless, from the thirteenth century the doctrine reached a consensus that the statements of the defendants had to be further corroborated in order to have effect. These principles were also confirmed in the inquisitorial procedure against heresy. This essay, providing a survey of the manuscripts, reconstructs the stages of the debate on this topic, distinguishing among the contribution of the Anglo-Norman, Parisian and Bolognese schools.Nel processo romano-canonico i rei confessi non potevano essere interro-gati intorno ai complici, tranne che nei crimini excepti. In questi casi, tut-tavia, i canonisti del XII e XIII secolo non furono concordi sul valore proba-torio da attribuire alle loro dichiarazioni. Per alcuni giuristi esse potevano costituire piena prova, per altri invece solo una presunzione. In ogni caso, dal XIII secolo la dottrina raggiunse un punto d’incontro nel ritenere che le dichiarazioni degli imputati per avere effetto dovessero essere corroborate da ulteriori riscontri. Questi princìpi trovarono conferma anche nella pro-cedura inquisitoria contro gli eretici. Il presente saggio, attraverso un’indagine sui manoscritti, ricostruisce le tappe del dibattito, distinguendo l’apporto delle scuole anglo-normanna, parigina e bolognese

The feasibility of underwater computerised strain gauge plethysmography and the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the leg venous haemodynamics

Background: Strain gauge plethysmography (SGP) is employed to evaluate venous drainage of the lower leg. Methods: In this study, SGP was used to evaluate the effects of the hydrostatic pressure (HP) of water on venous volume (VV), expelled volume, and ejection fraction (EF) in 22 healthy legs before and during immersion in water. Results: HP reduced VV by 100% and even more during underwater (UW) exercise, making calculation of the UW EF possible. Discussion: UW SGP is feasible and indicates that HP improves venous haemodynamics. This study suggests that including UW leg exercise in the rehabilitation protocols of patients with chronic venous disease may be useful. Keywords: Strain gauge plethysmography, Underwater compression, Underwater ejection fraction, Underwater venous volume. 2020 The Aut

La responsabilidad contractual en su formulación histórica y en su configuración actual

Premessa / Pierangelo Schiera (pp. 9-11). -- La imposibilidad sobrevenida de la prestación en la legislación histórica castellana y en el derecho de la codificación / Manuel Ángel Bermejo Castrillo (pp. 13-214). -- La responsabilità contrattuale nel primo Novecento giuridico italiano / Giovanni Chiodi (215-261). -- Reflexiones sobre el pactum de non cedendo / José María Miquel González de Audicana (pp. 263-287). -- Pre-contractual good faith in European Contract Law: Is the European Commission ready to embrace a European doctrine of culpa in contrahendo? / Paula Giliker (pp. 289-315). -- La responsabilidad contractual en la Normativa Común de Compraventa Europea / Reiner Schulze (pp. 317-337)

L'interpretazione del testamento nel pensiero dei glossatori

Dottorato di ricerca in storia del diritto italiano con particolare riferimento al diritto medievale e al diritto comune. 4. ciclo. A.a. 1988-91.Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Oltre la sovranità nazionale: Filippo Vassalli in missione a Londra (1945)

In November-December 1945, the civil lawyer Filippo Vassalli undertook a mission to London, at the head of a delegation of jurists invited by the British Council to observe the functioning of the English institutions, through a “legal sightseeing” made up of talks and meetings with illustrious exponents of British politics and legal culture. Some documents from the Vassalli archive now allow us to delve into the implications of this journey, of which the jurist wrote an account in some of his essays. The research, in particular, aims to demonstrate that during the mission Vassalli developed the idea of overcoming the myth of national sovereignty in the international area. Later, he extended this vision to the field of civil law. Vassalli supported the orientation favorable to the creation of an organization superior to individual States, which would ensure peace in the world and offer supranational protection of human rights. The mission also had consequences for the system of justice, the police and Italian economic life, on the eve of the Constituent Assembly, in which Vassalli did not take part. As head of the mission, he delivered to Alcide de Gasperi, Italian Minister of Foreign Affaris, a message from Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, an eminent figure in British politics, who had already influenced Vassalli in the field of the future structure of international relations in peacetime. The mission to London, consequently, represents a central event for understanding Vassalli’s thought in the first republican decade.Nel novembre-dicembre 1945, il civilista Filippo Vassalli intraprese una missione a Londra, a capo di una delegazione di giuristi invitati dal British Council ad osservare il funzionamento delle istituzioni inglesi, attraverso un “legal sightseeing” fatto di “talks” e “meetings” con illustri esponenti della politica e della cultura giuridica britannica. Alcuni documenti dell’archivio Vassalli consentono ora di approfondire i risvolti di questo viaggio, di cui il giurista stilò un resoconto in alcuni suoi scritti. La ricerca, in particolare, intende dimostrare che Vassalli, durante la missione, maturò l’idea del superamento del mito della sovranità nazionale in ambito internazionale, visione successivamente estesa nel campo del diritto civile. Vassalli supportò l’orientamento favorevole alla creazione di un’organizzazione superiore ai singoli Stati, che assicurasse la pace nel mondo e offrisse una tutela sovranazionale dei diritti dell’uomo. La missione ebbe anche conseguenze sull’ordinamento della giustizia, della polizia e della vita economica italiana, alla vigilia della Costituente, di cui pure Vassalli non fu chiamato a prendere parte. Come capo della missione, infatti, egli portò in Italia a De Gasperi, titolare del dicastero degli Esteri, un messaggio del Ministro degli Esteri Bevin, personalità eminente della politica anglosassone, che aveva già influenzato Vassalli sul terreno del futuro assetto delle relazioni internazionali in tempo di pace. La missione a Londra, di conseguenza, rappresenta una vicenda centrale per comprendere il pensiero di Vassalli nel decennio repubblicano

Disinheritance of Children for Lack of Parental Consent to the Marriage in the Ius Commune and Early Modern Scholastic Traditions

status: publishe

Vascular Risk Factors, Vascular Diseases, and Imaging Findings in a Hospital-based Cohort of Mild Cognitive Impairment Types

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between normal cognition and dementia.Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of vascular risk factors, vascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease and brain atrophy in a large hospital-based cohort of MCI types including 471 amnestic MCI (a-MCI), 693 amnestic MCI multiple domain (a-MCImd), 322 single non-memory MCI (snm-MCI), and 202 non amnestic MCI multiple domain (na-MCImd). For comparison, 1,005 neurologically and cognitively healthy subjects were also evaluated.Method: Several vascular risk factors and vascular diseases were assessed. All participants underwent neurological, neuropsychological and behavioural assessments as well as carotid ultrasonography and standard brain MRI. Multinomial logistic regression models on the MCI cohort with the NCH group and a-MCI type as reference categories were used to assess the effects of the variables evaluated on the estimated probability of one of the four MCI types.Results: This study demonstrates that cerebrovascular disease contributes substantially to the risk of non-memory MCI types and a-MCImd type, and that brain atrophy is present in all MCI types and is greater in multiple domain types particularly in the na-MCI type.Conclusion: Improving detection and control of cerebrovascular disease in aging individuals should be mandatory. Since the incidence of MCI and dementia will be expected to rise because of the progressive life expectancy, a better management of cerebrovascular disease could indeed prevent or delay the onset of MCI, or could delay progression of MCI to dementia