4,612 research outputs found
Cumulus cloud venting of mixed layer ozone
Observations are presented which substantiate the hypothesis that significant vertical exchange of ozone and aerosols occurs between the mixed layer and the free troposphere during cumulus cloud convective activity. The experiments utilized the airborne Ultra-Violet Differential Absorption Lidar (UV-DIAL) system. This system provides simultaneous range resolved ozone concentration and aerosol backscatter profiles with high spatial resolution. Evening transects were obtained in the downwind area where the air mass had been advected. Space-height analyses for the evening flight show the cloud debris as patterns of ozone typically in excess of the ambient free tropospheric background. This ozone excess was approximately the value of the concentration difference between the mixed layer and free troposphere determined from independent vertical soundings made by another aircraft in the afternoon
High-Order Contamination in the Tail of Gravitational Collapse
It is well known that the late-time behaviour of gravitational collapse is
{\it dominated} by an inverse power-law decaying tail. We calculate {\it
higher-order corrections} to this power-law behaviour in a spherically
symmetric gravitational collapse. The dominant ``contamination'' is shown to
die off at late times as . This decay rate is much {\it
slower} than has been considered so far. It implies, for instance, that an
`exact' (numerical) determination of the power index to within
requires extremely long integration times of order . We show that the
leading order fingerprint of the black-hole electric {\it charge} is of order
.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Wave Propagation in Gravitational Systems: Completeness of Quasinormal Modes
The dynamics of relativistic stars and black holes are often studied in terms
of the quasinormal modes (QNM's) of the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation with
different effective potentials . In this paper we present a systematic
study of the relation between the structure of the QNM's of the KG equation and
the form of . In particular, we determine the requirements on in
order for the QNM's to form complete sets, and discuss in what sense they form
complete sets. Among other implications, this study opens up the possibility of
using QNM expansions to analyse the behavior of waves in relativistic systems,
even for systems whose QNM's do {\it not} form a complete set. For such
systems, we show that a complete set of QNM's can often be obtained by
introducing an infinitesimal change in the effective potential
Study of dynamics of minor constituents in the thermosphere
The global distribution of helium and argon in the terrestrial thermosphere is described. It is based on the extension of a three-dimensional single-fluid numerical model of the thermosphere previously developed by the authors to treat the dynamics of a minor gas imbedded in a background gas made up of N2, O2, and O. Empirical models of the upper atmosphere, based on satellite drag and mass spectrometer data, are used to specify the background gas density and temperature as functions of altitude, latitude, and local time for a given day of the year. Effects of solar activity, eddy diffusion, and exospheric transport on the global distribution of minor gases are investigated
The Energy of the Gamma Metric in the M{\o}ller Prescription
We obtain the energy distribution of the gamma metric using the
energy-momentum complex of M{\o}ller. The result is the same as obtained by
Virbhadra in the Weinberg prescription
Random Frustration in two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet
The square lattice spin-1/2 antiferromagnet containing a dilute
concentration, , of randomly placed ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor
bonds is studied at low-temperature via non-linear -model techniques
and by exact diagonalization. We generally find that long-range N\' eel order
is destroyed above a critical strength in the defective ferromagnetic exchange
coupling-constant given by . We also observe large
statistical fluctuations both in the spin-stiffness and in the
antiferromagnetic structure-factor near this critical point, suggesting the
onset of a spin-glass phase.Comment: 13 pgs, TeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. Feb. 22, 1994. (Correct set of
figures follow
Vortex phase boundaries from ferromagnetic measurements in a patterned disc array
Using a recently developed broadband microwave measurement technique, we have studied the hysteretic appearance and disappearance with in-plane magnetic field of the uniform ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) mode of a patterned permalloy disk array. The observed features are consistent with our micromagnetic simulations (performed on an infinite array of such disk), which predict that on decreasing the magnetic field from a positively magnetized state at positive fields the array will: (i) pass continuously into a double-vortex state; (ii) followed by a discontinuous transition to a single-vortex state; and finally (iii) discontinuously into a negatively magnetized state at some negative field. The hysteretic counterpart occurs on reversing the field sweep and returning to positive fields. The FMR data are consistent with the hysteretic dc magnetization measurements performed earlier on samples patterned in an identical manner
Unconventional Gravitational Excitation of a Schwarzschild Black Hole
Besides the well-known quasinormal modes, the gravitational spectrum of a
Schwarzschild black hole also has a continuum part on the negative imaginary
frequency axis. The latter is studied numerically for quadrupole waves. The
results show unexpected striking behavior near the algebraically special
frequency . This reveals a pair of unconventional damped modes very
near , confirmed analytically.Comment: REVTeX4, 4pp, 6 EPS figure files. N.B.: "Alec" is my first, and
"Maassen van den Brink" my family name. v2: better pole placement in Fig. 1.
v3: fixed Refs. [9,20]. v4: added context on "area quantum" research; trimmed
one Fig.; textual clarification
Spin and charge transport in U-shaped one-dimensional channels with spin-orbit couplings
A general form of the Hamiltonian for electrons confined to a curved
one-dimensional (1D) channel with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) linear in momentum
is rederived and is applied to a U-shaped channel. Discretizing the derived
continuous 1D Hamiltonian to a tight-binding version, the Landauer-Keldysh
formalism (LKF) for nonequilibrium transport can be applied. Spin transport
through the U-channel based on the LKF is compared with previous quantum
mechanical approaches. The role of a curvature-induced geometric potential
which was previously neglected in the literature of the ring issue is also
revisited. Transport regimes between nonadiabatic, corresponding to weak SOC or
sharp turn, and adiabatic, corresponding to strong SOC or smooth turn, is
discussed. Based on the LKF, interesting charge and spin transport properties
are further revealed. For the charge transport, the interplay between the
Rashba and the linear Dresselhaus (001) SOCs leads to an additional modulation
to the local charge density in the half-ring part of the U-channel, which is
shown to originate from the angle-dependent spin-orbit potential. For the spin
transport, theoretically predicted eigenstates of the Rashba rings, Dresselhaus
rings, and the persistent spin-helix state are numerically tested by the
present quantum transport calculation.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Quasi-Normal Mode Expansion for Linearized Waves in Gravitational Systems
The quasinormal modes (QNM's) of gravitational systems modeled by the
Klein-Gordon equation with effective potentials are studied in analogy to the
QNM's of optical cavities. Conditions are given for the QNM's to form a
complete set, i.e., for the Green's function to be expressible as a sum over
QNM's, answering a conjecture by Price and Husain [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 68},
1973 (1992)]. In the cases where the QNM sum is divergent, procedures for
regularization are given. The crucial condition for completeness is the
existence of spatial discontinuities in the system, e.g., the discontinuity at
the stellar surface in the model of Price and Husain.Comment: 12 pages, WUGRAV-94-
- âŠ