Molecular First Hyperpolarizabilities of a New Class of Asymmetric Squaraine Dyes

The molecular first hyperpolarizabilities (β) of a series of asymmetric squaraine dyes have been measured by electric-field-induced second harmonic generation; the dyes have negative β-values whose magnitudes are comparable to 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene (DANS)

Unsymmetrical squaraines for nonlinear optical materials

Compositions for use in non-linear optical devices. The compositions have first molecular electronic hyperpolarizability (.beta.) either positive or negative in sign and therefore display second order non-linear optical properties when incorporated into non-linear optical devices

From Teachers’ Views to Explore the Implementation of Energy Education in Taiwan’s Elementary Schools

This study intended to explore the implementation of promoting “energy education” in Taiwan’s elementary schools. The research adopted a questionnaire (Likert five-point scale) from teachers’ view in three dimensions to construct examination. The 45 participants come from 10 different primary schools distributed across Taiwan, which participate in energy education program in the second period (2015-2017). The data was analyzed by ANOVA, mean and standard deviations of the viewpoints of the participants in the energy education learning achievement of the primary schools. The first findings in this research is, the program of energy education was most effective in “energy attitude” (M=4.282, SD=0.814), followed by “energy awareness” (M=4.049, SD=0.720) and “energy behavior” (M=3.983, SD=0.875). It shows that students have positive energy attitude, but they were relatively weak at energy saving behavior. Secondly, there is statistically significant difference in overall students learning performance with urban areas are higher than rural areas. Finally, it is suggested that in addition to strengthen energy attitudes and energy awareness, we should encourage students to take action in save energy in their daily life. Furthermore, we should invest more resources to rural areas to balance the students’ performances between urban and rural areas

Syntheses and Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Unsymmetrical Squaraines with Extended Conjugation

[no abstract

A Local-Pattern Related Look-Up Table

This paper describes a Relevance-Zone pattern table (RZT) that can be used to replace a traditional transposition table. An RZT stores exact game values for patterns that are discovered during a Relevance-Zone-Based Search (RZS), which is the current state-of-the-art in solving L&D problems in Go. Positions that share the same pattern can reuse the same exact game value in the RZT. The pattern matching scheme for RZTs is implemented using a radix tree, taking into consideration patterns with different shapes. To improve the efficiency of table lookups, we designed a heuristic that prevents redundant lookups. The heuristic can safely skip previously queried patterns for a given position, reducing the overhead to 10% of the original cost. We also analyze the time complexity of the RZT both theoretically and empirically. Experiments show the overhead of traversing the radix tree in practice during lookup remain flat logarithmically in relation to the number of entries stored in the table. Experiments also show that the use of an RZT instead of a traditional transposition table significantly reduces the number of searched nodes on two data sets of 7x7 and 19x19 L&D Go problems.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Games (under review

Game Solving with Online Fine-Tuning

Game solving is a similar, yet more difficult task than mastering a game. Solving a game typically means to find the game-theoretic value (outcome given optimal play), and optionally a full strategy to follow in order to achieve that outcome. The AlphaZero algorithm has demonstrated super-human level play, and its powerful policy and value predictions have also served as heuristics in game solving. However, to solve a game and obtain a full strategy, a winning response must be found for all possible moves by the losing player. This includes very poor lines of play from the losing side, for which the AlphaZero self-play process will not encounter. AlphaZero-based heuristics can be highly inaccurate when evaluating these out-of-distribution positions, which occur throughout the entire search. To address this issue, this paper investigates applying online fine-tuning while searching and proposes two methods to learn tailor-designed heuristics for game solving. Our experiments show that using online fine-tuning can solve a series of challenging 7x7 Killall-Go problems, using only 23.54% of computation time compared to the baseline without online fine-tuning. Results suggest that the savings scale with problem size. Our method can further be extended to any tree search algorithm for problem solving. Our code is available at https://rlg.iis.sinica.edu.tw/papers/neurips2023-online-fine-tuning-solver.Comment: Accepted by the 37th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023

Syntheses and Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Unsymmetrical Squaraines with Extended Conjugation

[no abstract

Effects of natto extract on endothelial injury in a rat model

Vascular endothelial damage has been found to be associated with thrombus formation, which is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A diet of natto leads to a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of natto extract on vascular endothelia damage with exposure to laser irradiation. Endothelial damage both in vitro and in vivo was induced by irradiation of rose bengal using a DPSS green laser. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay, and the intimal thickening was verified by a histological approach. The antioxidant content of natto extract was determined for the free radical scavenging activity. Endothelial cells were injured in the presence of rose bengal irradiated in a dose-dependent manner. Natto extract exhibits high levels of antioxidant activity compared with purified natto kinase. Apoptosis of laser-injured endothelial cells was significantly reduced in the presence of natto extract. Both the natto extract and natto kinase suppressed intimal thickening in rats with endothelial injury. The present findings suggest that natto extract suppresses vessel thickening as a synergic effect attributed to its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties

Spectroscopic and electrical characteristics of highly stable ultra-violet emitting tetraphenylsilane-carbazole organic compound

　Optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) are investigated for organic small molecule of ultra-violet (344 nm) fl uorescence emitting bis (3,5-di (9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl)diphenylsilane(SimCP2), together with the glass transition temperature T_g and carrier mobility. SimCP2 is morphologically more stable than the other ultra-violet light emitting materials 1,3-bis (9-carbazolyl) benzene (mCP) and 3,5-bis (9-carbazolyl) tetraphenylsilane (SimCP) because of higher T_g of 148 °C. The electron and hole mobilities are higher (4.8 × 10^＜－4＞ and 2.7 × 10^＜－4＞cm^2V^＜－1＞s^＜－1＞, respectively,　at electric field of 9 × 10^4Vcm^＜－1＞) than those of mCP and SimCP. From the PL spectra of SimCP2 doped in polystyrene, the most intense 0-0 vibrational T_1 emission band was observed at 412 nm. SimCP2 has a wide band gap of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of 6.12 eV and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of 2.56 eV. These results indicate that SimCP2 is expected to be effi cient host material for blue phosphorescence emitters in organic light emitting diodes