Effect of obesity on intraoperative bleeding volume in open gastrectomy with D2 lymph-node dissection for gastric cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To investigate the effect of obesity on open gastrectomy with D2 lymph-node dissection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between January 2005 and March 2007, 100 patients with preoperatively diagnosed gastric cancer who underwent open gastrectomy with D2 lymph-node dissection were enrolled in this study. Of these, 61 patients underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG) and 39 patients underwent open total gastrectomy (OTG). Patients were classified as having a high body-mass index (BMI; ≥ 25.0 kg/m²; <it>n </it>= 21) or a normal BMI (<25.0 kg/m²; <it>n </it>= 79). The visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were assessed as identifiers of obesity using FatScan software. Patients were classified as having a high VFA (≥ 100 cm²; <it>n </it>= 34) or a normal VFA (<100 cm²; <it>n </it>= 66). The relationship between obesity and short-term patient outcomes after open gastrectomy was evaluated. Patients were classified as having high intraoperative blood loss (IBL; ≥ 300 ml; <it>n </it>= 42) or low IBL (<300 ml; <it>n </it>= 58). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictive factors for high IBL.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significantly increased IBL was seen in the following: patients with high BMI versus normal BMI; patients with gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach versus gastric cancer in the middle or lower third of the stomach; patients who underwent OTG versus ODG; patients who underwent splenectomy versus no splenectomy; and patients with high VFA versus low VFA. BMI and VFA were significantly greater in the high IBL group than in the low IBL group. There was no significant difference in morbidity between the high IBL group and the low IBL group. Multivariate analysis revealed that patient age, OTG and high BMI or high VFA independently predicted high IBL.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is necessary to perform operative manipulations with particular care in patients with high BMI or high VFA in order to reduce the IBL during D2 gastrectomy.</p

Effect of Maillard Reacted Peptides on Human Salt Taste and the Amiloride-Insensitive Salt Taste Receptor (TRPV1t)

Maillard reacted peptides (MRPs) were synthesized by conjugating a peptide fraction (1000–5000 Da) purified from soy protein hydrolyzate with galacturonic acid, glucosamine, xylose, fructose, or glucose. The effect of MRPs was investigated on human salt taste and on the chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses to NaCl in Sprague–Dawley rats, wild-type, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice. MRPs produced a biphasic effect on human salt taste perception and on the CT responses in rats and wild-type mice in the presence of NaCl + benzamil (Bz, a blocker of epithelial Na+ channels), enhancing the NaCl response at low concentrations and suppressing it at high concentrations. The effectiveness of MRPs as salt taste enhancers varied with the conjugated sugar moiety: galacturonic acid = glucosamine > xylose > fructose > glucose. The concentrations at which MRPs enhanced human salt taste were significantly lower than the concentrations of MRPs that produced increase in the NaCl CT response. Elevated temperature, resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, and ethanol produced additive effects on the NaCl CT responses in the presence of MRPs. Elevated temperature and ethanol also enhanced human salt taste perception. N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamid (a blocker of TRPV1t) inhibited the Bz-insensitive NaCl CT responses in the absence and presence of MRPs. TRPV1 knockout mice demonstrated no Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response in the absence or presence of MRPs. The results suggest that MRPs modulate human salt taste and the NaCl + Bz CT responses by interacting with TRPV1t

Changes in lipids and their contribution to the taste of migaki-nishin (dried herring fillet) during drying

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in lipids and their effect on the taste of migaki-nishin during drying. Lipid was extracted from herring fillets on different drying stages to measure the degree of lipid oxidation and changes in lipid composition, and fatty acid profile. Peroxide value, carbonyl value and acid value of the lipids were significantly increased (P < 0.05) during the drying period. Marked increase in free fatty acids, with decreases in triglyceride and phospholipid content were observed in proportion to drying time and this result suggested that hydrolysis was induced by lipases and phospholipases. The decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were observed in the total lipids and phospholipid fraction. In addition, significant increase in PUFAs especially DHA was found in the free fatty acid fraction. Sensory evaluation showed that an addition of DHA to mentsuyu significantly (P < 0.05) enhances the intensities of thickness, mouthfulness and continuity. These results suggest that during drying period lipid oxidation was not only occurred but also lipolysis predominantly released DHA, which might have a contribution to kokumi enhancement of migaki-nishin

Effect of Maillard Reacted Peptides on Human Salt Taste and the Amiloride-Insensitive Salt Taste Receptor (TRPV1t)

Maillard reacted peptides (MRPs) were synthesized by conjugating a peptide fraction (1000–5000 Da) purified from soy protein hydrolyzate with galacturonic acid, glucosamine, xylose, fructose, or glucose. The effect of MRPs was investigated on human salt taste and on the chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses to NaCl in Sprague–Dawley rats, wild-type, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice. MRPs produced a biphasic effect on human salt taste perception and on the CT responses in rats and wild-type mice in the presence of NaCl + benzamil (Bz, a blocker of epithelial Na + channels), enhancing the NaCl response at low concentrations and suppressing it at high concentrations. The effectiveness of MRPs as salt taste enhancers varied with the conjugated sugar moiety: galacturonic acid = glucosamine&gt; xylose&gt; fructose&gt; glucose. The concentrations at which MRPs enhanced human salt taste were significantly lower than the concentrations of MRPs that produced increase in the NaCl CT response. Elevated temperature, resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, and ethanol produced additive effects on the NaCl CT responses in the presence of MRPs. Elevated temperature and ethanol also enhanced human salt taste perception. N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamid (a blocker of TRPV1t) inhibited the Bz-insensitive NaCl CT responses in the absence and presence of MRPs. TRPV1 knockout mice demonstrated no Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response in the absence or presence o

Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Genes Associated With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Severe Ocular Complications Following Use of Cold Medicine in a Brazilian Population

IMPORTANCE Describing the association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles could facilitate the understanding of increased risk factors for development of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in patients with severe ocular complications (SOCs). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between HLA class I genes and cold medicine (CM)-associated SJS/TEN with SOCs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control studywas conducted between February 8, 2013, and August 29, 2014. Thirty-nine Brazilian patients with CM-SJS/TEN of 74 patients with SJS/TEN with SOCs and 133 healthy Brazilian volunteers were enrolled. Human leukocyte antigen class I genes (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) were examined to determine whether there was a genetic predisposition for CM-SJS/TEN with SOC. Patients were interviewed to identify possible etiologic factors. Data analysis was performed from April 14, 2013, to August 29, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Genetic predisposition for CM-SJS/TEN with SOCs by analysis of HLA class I genes. RESULTS Of 74 patients included in the analysis, 32 (43%) were malemean (SD) age was 36.01 [15.42] years. HLA-A*66: 01 (odds ratio [OR], 24.095% CI, 2.79-206.0P < 001), HLA-B*44: 03 (OR, 2.7195% CI, 1.11-6.65P = 04), and HLA-C*12: 03 (OR, 5.695% CI, 1.67-18.80P = 006) were associated with Brazilian CM-SJS/TEN with SOCs, and HLA-A*11: 01 (OR, 0.07495% CI, 0.004-1.26P = 008), HLA-B*08: 01 (OR, 0.1595% CI, 0.02-1.15P = 048), and HLA-B*51: 01 (OR, 0.2395% CI, 0.05-1.03P = 045) were inversely associated with Brazilian CM-SJS/TEN with SOCs (39 cases: 19 Pardo and 16 European ancestry14 males and 25 femalesage, 35.2 [14.4] yearsand 133 controls: 66 Pardo and 61 European ancestry55 males and 78 femalesage, 41.2 [12.9] years). When multiple test correction within the HLA locus, HLA-A*66: 01 and HLA-C*12: 03 demonstrated associations. When participants were segregated into Pardo and locus is considered, HLA-A*66: 01 was associated with CM-SJS/TEN with SOC among individuals of both ethnic groups (Pardo: OR, 12.295% CI, 1.19-125.0P = 03and European: OR, 21.295% CI, 0.97-465.0P = 04). An association was observed only in the European cohort for HLA-B*44: 03 (OR, 5.5095% CI, 1.47-20.50P = 01) and HLA-C*12: 03 (OR, 8.7995% CI, 1.83-42.20P = 008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study suggests that HLA-A*66: 01 might be a marker for CM-SJS/TEN with SOCs in Brazilian individuals of Pardo and European ancestry and that HLA-B*44: 03 and HLA-C*12: 03 might be markers only in those of European ancestry. Moreover, HLA-A*11: 01 might be a marker of resistance to CM-SJS/TEN with SOCs.Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese governmentJapan Society for the Promotion of Science Core-to-Core Program Advanced Research NetworksJapanese Ministry of Health, Labor and WelfareKyoto Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science and the Intramural Research Fund of Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineMinistry of Education, Brazil-JapanFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, BrazilPrefectural Univ Med, Dept Frontier Med Sci & Technol Ophthalmol, Kyoto, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Tokyo, JapanOsaka Univ, Dept Stat Genet, Osaka, JapanRIKEN, Lab Stat Anal, Ctr Integrat Med Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JapanKyoto Prefectural Univ Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Kyoto, JapanUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A newly identified gene Ahed plays essential roles in murine haematopoiesis

Abstract The development of haematopoiesis involves the coordinated action of numerous genes, some of which are implicated in haematological malignancies. However, the biological function of many genes remains elusive and unknown functional genes are likely to remain to be uncovered. Here, we report a previously uncharacterised gene in haematopoiesis, identified by screening mutant embryonic stem cells. The gene, ‘attenuated haematopoietic development (Ahed)’, encodes a nuclear protein. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Ahed results in anaemia from embryonic day 14.5 onward, leading to prenatal demise. Transplantation experiments demonstrate the incapacity of Ahed-deficient haematopoietic cells to reconstitute haematopoiesis in vivo. Employing a tamoxifen-inducible cKO model, we further reveal that Ahed deletion impairs the intrinsic capacity of haematopoietic cells in adult mice. Ahed deletion affects various pathways, and published databases present cancer patients with somatic mutations in Ahed. Collectively, our findings underscore the fundamental roles of Ahed in lifelong haematopoiesis, implicating its association with malignancies